Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Acute kidney injury during transplantation and the role of inflammasomes: A brief review.","authors":"Klaudia Szymanek, Karolina Tądel, Iwona Bil-Lula","doi":"10.17219/acem/190676","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for an effective therapeutic modality in the form of organ transplantation leads to the need to improve the long-term outcomes of the process. Ischemia/reperfusion injuries (IRI) are an integral part of the kidney transplantation process, contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress and activation of the immune system. Inflammasomes, as a component of the immune response, in the form of inflammatory mediators during infection or tissue damage, initiate cell death called pyroptosis. In this context, we have defined the process of inflammasome activation in response to IRI, which is a potential cause of early kidney rejection due to increased susceptibility of the kidneys to ischemia. This review focuses on analyzing the modulation of inflammasome activity in kidney transplants and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial element of kidney injury during the transplantation procedure, which could be a potential target for future preventive/therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1223-1236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New statistical guidelines for manuscripts submitted to Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine.","authors":"Krzysztof Kujawa, Wojciech Bombała, Anna Kopszak, Jakub Wronowicz, Maciej Wuczyński, Łukasz Lewandowski, Michał Czapla","doi":"10.17219/acem/206009","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/206009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The updated statistical reporting guidelines for Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (ACEM) streamline the way in which authors describe their statistical analyses and results. In response to the rising popularity of advanced techniques - such as Bayesian statistics and machine learning - the revisions balance methodological rigor with article readability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do sociodemographic and health predictors affect the non-insulin-based insulin resistance index? A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Maciej Polak, Grzegorz J Nowicki, Maja Chrzanowska-Wąsik, Barbara J Ślusarska","doi":"10.17219/acem/191200","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/191200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, early diagnosis of IR is clinically significant for primary and secondary CVD prevention initiatives. In addition, non-insulin metabolic indices may be useful for diagnosing IR.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The first objective was to estimate the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index values in a local community with high social deprivation and increased cardiovascular risk according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation scale. The second objective was to identify significant sociodemographic and health predictors for the TyG index and METS-IR index.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the local community of Janów district in eastern Poland and consisted of 2 stages. The 1st stage involved basic research (n = 4,040), while the 2nd stage involved enhanced diagnostics (n = 2,657). Data from the 2nd stage was used for the analyses. Anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken, blood was drawn for laboratory tests, selected sociodemographic and health variables were evaluated, and the TyG index and METS-IR index were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean TyG index score in the study group was 8.65 (±0.58), and the mean METS-IR index score was 41.45 (±9.02). Both indices were significantly associated with age, male sex, smoking, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a multivariable model. In addition, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) were significantly correlated with the TyG index, whereas education was significantly associated with the METS-IR index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show the association between IR and sociodemographic and health variables in a group with a high social deprivation rate and increased cardiovascular risk. Early detection of cardiometabolic risk is important for both primary and secondary CVD prevention. In primary healthcare, this can be accomplished through surrogate markers of IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index on 3-year outcomes of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after stent implantation.","authors":"Yi Ma, Xuebin Geng","doi":"10.17219/acem/190739","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have focused on the relationship between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and the prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the SIRI for predicting 3-year outcomes in patients >60 years old after stent implantation and to assess variables associated with SIRI.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 1,758 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled and divided into an older group (n = 960) and a younger group (n = 798) using a cutoff of >60 years. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including all-cause death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and nonfatal stroke were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 165 patients experienced 1 or more MACEs. Patients in the older group had a greater incidence of recurrent MACEs and mortality than those in the younger group. The SIRIs were significantly greater in the older group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the level of the SIRI was significantly associated with age, hypertension, diagnosis of AMI, number of diseased vessels, and platelet count. The SIRI was an independent predictive risk factor for MACEs in patients >60 years old. Similar relationships between the SIRI and MACEs were also observed in ACS patients with and without AMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SIRI was an independent predictive risk factor for MACEs in patients aged >60 years with ACS and ACS with or without AMI after stent implantation during 3 years of follow-up. The SIRI can be used as an indicator for identifying high-risk patients for intensive therapy to further reduce MACEs in the PCI era.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1123-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical impedance tomography confirmed the impact of the method of delivery of term neonates on early lung aeration.","authors":"Adomas Janulionis, Viktorija Sutova, Vita Langiene, Ernestas Virsilas, Violeta Drejeriene, Arunas Liubsys, Arunas Valiulis","doi":"10.17219/acem/190742","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of infants born via cesarean section (CS) is increasing globally due to medical and cultural reasons.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of the mode of delivery on early lung aeration in newborns using electrical impedance tomography (EIT).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The case-control study was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. It included 32 term neonates delivered by CS and 20 term neonates delivered by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) as controls. Electrical impedance tomography examinations were performed with a Swisstom BB2 device with NEO SensorBelt and 32 integrated electrodes at 47.68 Hz. Three data recordings were conducted within 30, 60 and 90 min (mean times: 13, 62 and 93 min, respectively) after the birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cesarean section neonates, compared to those delivered by NVD, had greater non-aerated areas in gravity-dependent lung regions at the 2nd recording (p = 0.04). The CS group showed lower changes in lung stretch at the 2nd and 3rd recording compared to the NVD group (p = 0.022 and p = 0.032, respectively). In the study group, lung regions with the lowest stretch (10-20%, 20-30% and 30-40%) corresponded with increased total lung capacities 1 h after birth compared to the control group (p = 0.024, p = 0.004 and p = 0.044, respectively). Measurements from the 1st and 3rd EIT recording showed a greater distribution of tidal volume (TV) in the right lung toward the central regions among CS neonates compared to NVD neonates, whereas NVD neonates showed increased distribution of TV toward the central-ventral regions of the right lung immediately after birth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mode of delivery significantly affects early postnatal lung aeration in term neonates assessed using EIT. Caesarean section neonates were characterized by poorer aeration in gravity-dependent lung regions, whereas NVD neonates demonstrated greater changes in lung stretch and more intense tissue expansion, potentially leading to better postnatal adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1105-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of physical performance and muscle function in hemodialysis patients participating in an exercise regimen: A cluster-randomized, single-center study.","authors":"Łukasz Rogowski, Joanna Kowalska, Katarzyna Bulińska, Małgorzata Stefańska, Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny, Andrea Mahrová, Jitka Marenčáková, Weronika Pawlaczyk, Tomasz Gołębiowski, Witold Wnukiewicz, Mariusz Kusztal, Wioletta Dziubek","doi":"10.17219/acem/202940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/202940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies reported positive effects of physical exercise on the condition of dialysis patients. The insufficient value of those changes makes it difficult to interpret their clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the influence of selected training (endurance, resistance, tai chi) on cardiopulmonary fitness and muscle function, as well as to analyze the factors having the most significant effect on cardiopulmonary fitness in a group of dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ninety-eight patients agreed to participate in the study. Selection of the type of training was done by cluster randomization. Group 1 were patients in a cluster with an endurance exercise program, and group 2 in a cluster with resistance exercises. Group 3 consisted of patients who took part in a tai chi program (non-cluster randomization). Exercise programs with each of the 3 groups were conducted for a period of 6 months, 3 times a week (groups 1 and 2) and twice a week (group 3), up to 60 min for 1 session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The full exercises was completed by 45 patients: group 1 - 16; group 2 - 15; group 3 - 14. The significance of the observed difference in the cardiopulmonary function was confirmed only in endurance group for absolute oxygen concumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR). Measurements of peak torque (PTQ) and total work (TW) performed at a speed of 60°/s showed a significant increase in the measured values only in the resistance training group. Measurements of PTQ and TW performed at 180°/s showed a significant increase in the measured values in the endurance and resistance group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 6 months of training resulted in a slight improvement in cardiopulmonary parameters only in the endurance group. The above results seem to confirm the observed limited potential for improving aerobic capacity in dialysis patients. The results of strength and speed parameters shows the specificity of each training, expressed by selective improvements in isometric and both isokinetic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between OCT, OCT angiography and fundus autofluorescence in adults with superficial optic disc drusen: The importance of multimodal imaging.","authors":"Paulina Szabelska, Joanna Brydak-Godowska, Przemysław Krajewski, Radosław Różycki, Joanna Gołębiewska","doi":"10.17219/acem/202319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/202319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) are benign calcified deposits that can compress local capillaries, disrupt blood flow and potentially lead to visual loss.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to present the correlations between optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA) results and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings in patients with ONHD, and to highlight the importance of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and management of this pathology.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 21 patients (36 eyes) with ONHD, with a mean age of 45.75 years (range: 19-71 years), who had no other ocular pathologies. All participants underwent a full ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging using the DRI Triton OCT (Topcon). Drusen presence was divided into quadrants based on FAF and correlated with OCT and OCTA results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optic nerve head drusen were unilateral in 6 patients (28.57%) and bilateral in 15 (71.43%). Drusen were most common in the nasal and superior quadrants (NQ and SQ) but were significantly more frequent in the inferior (IQ) and temporal (TQ) quadrants in patients with bilateral ONHD. Eyes with drusen located in the IQ and TQ showed a significantly decreased radial peripapillary capillary (RPCP) vessel density (VD). Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) measurements showed the strongest positive correlations with RPCP, especially in the IQ (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer (GCL++) thickness showed significant correlations with RPCP VD, particularly in the IQ and TQ (p < 0.001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fundus autofluorescence is a valuable tool for identifying superficial drusen. Optical coherence tomography and OCTA are effective in assessing optic nerve fiber integrity and microvascular changes. Microcirculation assessment using OCTA should focus not only on the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCP), but also on the macular region. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation of patients with ONHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate how these correlations evolve over time, particularly in the context of ONHD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008433 drives vascular smooth muscle cell modulation in intracranial aneurysm pathogenesis.","authors":"Fan Wang, Qiu-Yu Huang, Yi-Le Zeng, Xiao-Dong Kang, Qing Huang","doi":"10.17219/acem/196543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/196543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a serious condition that can lead to a life-threatening rupture, often resulting in a hemorrhagic stroke. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IA, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. Recent studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various vascular diseases. High-throughput sequencing identified hsa_circ_0008433 as significantly upregulated in IA tissues, especially in ruptured cases, suggesting a role in IA progression.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To further investigate the potential effects of hsa_circ_0008433 on the rupture of human IA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of hsa_circ_0008433 on IA rupture. We validated the expression of hsa_circ_0008433 in IA patient tissue samples through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), comparing ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs) were utilized to establish overexpression and knockdown models for hsa_circ_0008433. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound healing assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation and migration, while western blotting was employed to measure VSMC phenotype markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle protein 22-alpha (SM22α), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that hsa_circ_0008433 was significantly upregulated in IA tissues, especially in ruptured samples (p < 0.05). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0008433 in HBVSMCs promoted proliferation, migration and phenotype switching, indicated by increased expression of MMPs and decreased contractile proteins. The effects were reversed by the knockdown of hsa_circ_0008433.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have shown that hsa_circ_0008433 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell function and promotes behaviors that may lead to intracranial aneurysm instability. This study advances the understanding of the role of circRNAs in vascular pathology and identifies hsa_circ_0008433 as a potential therapeutic target for IA. These findings open opportunities for targeted treatments and broader applications in vascular disease research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine deficiency and its association with periodontitis: A randomized controlled triple-blinded clinical study.","authors":"Didem Özkal Eminoğlu, Esra Laloglu, Kamber Kasali, Tugba Aydin, Emre Bulut, Gulbeddin Yaliniz, Gurbet Alev Oztas Sahiner, Ahmet Kiziltunc","doi":"10.17219/acem/190352","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous research studies have explored the impact of micronutrients, including dietary minerals such as iron, zinc, selenium, copper, and vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and E, on periodontitis. However, there is no literature investigating the role of iodine in periodontal health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the potential influence of iodine, a trace element, on periodontal health, an area that has not yet been researched.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study recruited a total of 73 participants, including 33 periodontally healthy control subjects and 40 patients with stage III periodontitis. Iodine levels in urine samples were measured using a spectrophotometric method, and the results were expressed in μg/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower iodine levels were observed in patients with periodontitis. Individuals with low iodine levels were found to be 1.04 times more likely to develop periodontitis than those with high iodine levels. The study found that if a person's urine iodine value is below 76.93 μg/L, the probability of having periodontitis is 72.5%; if it is above this value, the probability of not having periodontitis is 90.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that urinary iodine levels could be a valuable metric for future research, as indicated by the variance in mean urinary iodide levels. Further extensive studies could establish urinary iodine levels as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"885-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory synthesis and preparation of thermo-responsive polymeric micelle and hydrogel for resveratrol delivery and release.","authors":"Zhuojie Zhao, Liang Xi, Wei Liang","doi":"10.17219/acem/190546","DOIUrl":"10.17219/acem/190546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiaging, and cardioprotective properties. However, due to its hydrophobic nature, it is prone to instability and oxidation, which significantly limit its biomedical applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this study were: 1) To prepare and characterize hydrogels and micelles by mixing the synthesized PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM copolymer and RSV in an aqueous environment; 2) To investigate the molecular interactions between the polymer and RSV; 3) To evaluate various properties of the polymeric micelles and hydrogels; 4) To determine the efficiency of RSV release from the polymeric micelles.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A well-defined PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM block copolymer was synthesized and purified. Gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR were used to characterize the chemical composition and molecular weight of each copolymer. The encapsulation of RSV and its interaction with PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM were confirmed using 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and structure of the polymeric micelle were characterized using surface tension measurements, a viscometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rheological behavior of the RSV-loaded hydrogels was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the RSV-loaded micelles were successfully prepared. The LCST and CMC of PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM polymeric micelles were determined to be 35°C and 0.005 g/L, respectively. The micelles have a spherical profile with a particle size of 100 nm and a narrow size distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resveratrol can be encapsulated within polymeric micelles formed by PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM block copolymer below the LCST. Its molecules are incorporated into the hydrophobic domains of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), forming a molecular complex. The point of molecular interaction is primarily at the phenolic region of RSV. Below LCST, PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM behaves as a polymeric surfactant at low concentrations and as an associating polymer at high concentrations. At high polymer concentrations, PNIPAM-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM formed a hydrogel. Above LCST, it was released from the polymeric micelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7306,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"947-958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}