Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Amalgamation of Metal Tolerant PGPR <i>Buttiauxella</i> sp. EA20 with Birch Wood Biochar Enhanced Growth and Biofortification of Rapeseed under Copper Action.","authors":"Galina Borisova, Maria Maleva, Tripti, Olga Voropaeva, Nadezhda Chukina, Anastasia Tugbaeva, Adarsh Kumar","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604034","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amalgamation of metal-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar is a promising direction for the development of chemical-free biofertilizers that can mitigate environmental risks, enhance crop productivity and their biological value. The main objective of the work includes the evaluation of the influence of prepared bacterial biofertilizer (BF) on biometric growth parameters as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics of rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) at copper action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prepared BF was based on novel metal tolerant strain of PGPR <i>Buttiauxella</i> sp. EA20 isolated from the rhizosphere of orchid <i>Epipactis atrorubens</i> and birch wood biochar (BC). The pot-scale experiments included six treatments: peat-containing control substrate (CS); CS + 200Cu (200 mg Cu/kg of soil); CS + 5% BC (<i>v/v</i>); CS + 5% BC + 200Cu; CS + 5% BF (<i>v/v</i>); CS + 5% BF + 200Cu.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single Cu treatment caused the decrease in rapeseed leaf area, shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, as well as an increase in water saturation deficit, possibly due to damage of cell membranes by lipid peroxidation. Addition of BF or BC alone mitigated these harmful effects of copper. Application of BF, regardless of Cu addition, increased the rapeseed leaf area (1.6 times on average), plant fresh and dry biomass (2.5 times on average), and photosynthetic pigment content (1.8 times on average). In addition, BF treatment along with Cu enhanced the antioxidant activity of <i>B. napus</i> due to the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as carotenoids, free proline and soluble phenolic compounds, including flavonoids. Moreover, plant enrichment with copper and essential macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that application of complex biofertilizer based on metal tolerant PGPR strain <i>Buttiauxella</i> sp. EA20 and birch wood biochar mitigated the harmful effects of copper, enhanced the rapeseed growth and increased its biological value. Future perspective includes evaluation of the potential for using the resulting biofertilizer to improve the growth and biofortification of other crop species.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosurfactant Production using <i>Candida tropicalis</i> URM 1150 and its Application in the Bioremediation of Coast Environments Impacted by Oil Spills.","authors":"Maria Catarina de F Caldas, Renata R Silva, Hugo M Meira, Goretti Sonia Silva, Leonie A Sarubbo, Juliana M Luna","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604033","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to produce, characterize, and apply a biosurfactant as a bioremediation tool for oil-contaminated coastal environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The biosurfactant was produced in a medium containing 5.0% corn steep liquor and 1.5% residual frying oil by <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (URM 1150) for 144 hours with 200 rpm agitation. The growth curve and production of the biosurfactant were evaluated. The emulsifying properties and stability of the biosurfactant were tested against pH, temperature, and NaCl variations. Toxicity assays were carried out on seeds, the microcrustacean <i>Artemia salina,</i> and the bivalve <i>Anomalocardia brasiliana</i>. Static and kinetic assays were performed, alongside stone washing to assess the removal capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The produced biosurfactant had a surface tension reduction capacity of 70 to 25 mN/m, yielding 7.1 g/L, and a critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 0.4%. During the initial 4-hour cultivation period, the growth curve showed an exponential phase, marked by a constant increase in production. In the final growth stage, biosurfactant production reached its maximum value of 7.1 g/L. After 120 h of cultivation, the maximum biomass output of 9.93 g/L was reached. The biosurfactant was applied in static and kinetic tests with seawater and sand contaminated with oil. The biosurfactant remained stable in the face of the tested variations. The biosurfactant is anionic in nature and showed no toxicity to the microcrustacean <i>Artemia salina</i>, vegetable seeds, or the bivalve <i>Anomalocardia brasiliana</i>, which exhibited 100% survival rates. The biomolecule removed 97% of the contaminated oil on the stone. The biosurfactant proved efficient and biocompatible for the bioremediation of oil derivatives, showing significant removal rates of hydrophobic compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that the biosurfactant has great potential for application as a remediation agent to clean up oil spills in coastal environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Hydrogel for Sequential Delivery of Antibiotics and Growth Factors in Regenerative Endodontics.","authors":"Sayna Shamszadeh, Saeed Asgary, Mohammad Akrami, Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Forough Shams","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604032","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regenerative endodontics requires an innovative delivery system to release antibiotics/growth factors in a sequential trend. This study focuses on developing/characterizing a thermoresponsive core-shell hydrogel designed for targeted drug delivery in endodontics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The core-shell chitosan-alginate microparticles were prepared by electrospraying to deliver bone morphogenic protein-2 for 14 days and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) for 7-14 days. Methylcellulose (MC) and gelatin were utilized to create the core-shell hydrogel to load a modified triple antibiotic combination (penicillin G/metronidazole/ciprofloxacin (PMC)) and growth factor-loaded microparticles in the shell and the core compartments, respectively. Morphological assessment, core-shell structural analysis, FTIR analysis, rheological analysis, swelling, and degradation rate studies were conducted for characterization. The viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) upon antibiotic exposure, antibacterial activity, and release studies of PMC and growth factors were investigated. Cellular studies (cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteo/odontoblast gene expression (using Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)) and <i>in vivo</i> studies (inflammatory response and differentiation potential of the developed hydrogel by subcutaneous implantation in rats via histological examination) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hydrogel showed a porous microstructure with interconnected pores. Core-shell structure analysis confirmed the successful extrusion of the MC hydrogel to the surface. FTIR analysis revealed interactions between MC and gelatin. Rheological analysis indicated time-dependent gel formation, supporting thermosensitivity at 37 °C. Swelling occurred rapidly, and degradation reached 62.42% on day 45. Further, antibiotics exhibited no cytotoxicity on DPSCs. Sequential release of antibiotics and growth factors was observed for up to 5 and 14 d, respectively. The hydrogel showed antibacterial activity. DPSCs exhibited increased proliferation, ALP activity, and odontoblast gene expression. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed that the biocompatible drug-loaded hydrogel exhibited more mineralization than the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed core-shell hydrogel containing PMC and growth factor-loaded core-shell microparticles provided a versatile and biocompatible platform for sequential drug delivery in regenerative endodontics. The system demonstrates promising characteristics for dentin regeneration, making it a potential candidate for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of a Novel Bacterium Isolate Capable of Utilizing Crude Oil and Diesel Oil Spills as a Biological Bioremediation Agent.","authors":"Ghydaa H Aljeboury, AbdulSalam Tawfeeq Dawood, Rawaa A Khalaf, Rebah N Algafari, Rehab S Ramadhan, Sura S Talib","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604031","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contamination with crude oil and hydrocarbons has become a global threat. Such threats have urged us to invent solutions to deal with this dilemma. However, chemical treatment comes with limited benefits. The use of bioremediation proved to be the optimal approach to face this problem since it is cost-effective, time-conserving and may improve the quality of soil and increase its fertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Soil samples were collected from three sites with the highest degree of pollution in Iraq: Al-Latifia, Al-Begei, and Basra. These were the source of novel <i>Streptomyces</i> isolates that could degrade contaminants and be used as a source of nutrients. The isolation principle was the degradation of petroleum in these soils as a carbon source.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most efficient isolate was obtained from Basra soil, characterized by the highest degree of contamination. The bacterium grows on minimal medium with crude oil, diesel fuel, aromatic, and non-aromatic hydrocarbons as the only source of carbon and showed the ability to reduce a hydrocarbon mixture containing 23 analytes with C8-C40 and C13-C30 representing total crude hydrocarbons effectively and with a high mineralization capability reaching 84%. This isolate was found to produce biosurfactants and reduce surface tension significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using chemical treatment of crude oil contaminants, burying the contaminated areas, or sometimes flooding them with water to eliminate these contaminants may not be an effective solution. Thus, using nonpathogenic microorganisms, especially those indigenous to the soil, maybe the most effective solution to achieve this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin, the Potential Powerful Flavonoid for Human and Food: A Review.","authors":"Safa Hussein Baqer, Sarmad Ghazi Al-Shawi, Zena Kadhim Al-Younis","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603030","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids occur naturally in different types of fruits and vegetables, including tea, cabbage, cauliflower, elderberries, cranberries, red apples, lettuce, pears, spinach, green hot peppers, white and red onions, kale, blueberries, and nuts. Among these flavonoids is quercetin, a potent natural antioxidant and cytotoxic substance with a number of therapeutic functions. Nowadays, quercetin is a common ingredient in many nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products due to its antioxidant properties. Its antibacterial effects and possible action mechanisms have been explored in many studies. From these, it has been established that quercetin stops the activity of numerous Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review clarifies the plant sources and extraction methods of quercetin, as well as its medicinal applications as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant agent, with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of its biological activity. The mechanism of its antimicrobial effect involves damaging the cell membrane-e.g., by changing its permeability, preventing biofilm formation, reducing the mitochondrial expression of virulence factors, and inhibiting protein and nucleic-acid synthesis. Moreover, quercetin has been shown to impede the activity of a variety of drug-resistant bacterial strains, pointing to the possibility of using it as a strong antimicrobial substance against such strains. In addition, it has occasionally been demonstrated that specific structural alterations to quercetin can increase its antibacterial action in comparison to the parent molecule. Overall, this review synthesizes our understanding of the mode of action of quercetin and its prospects for use as a therapeutic material.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Streptomyces</i> as a Novel Biotool for Azo Pigments Remediation in Contaminated Scenarios.","authors":"Fernando Bautista-Pinzón, Juan Fonseca-Ordoñez, Mayerlen Falla-Obando, Jairo Gonzales-Tuta, Luis Diaz-Barrera","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603029","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Azo pigments are widely used in the textile and leather industry, and they generate diverse contaminants (mainly in wastewater effluents) that affect biological systems, the rhizosphere community, and the natural activities of certain species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was performed according to the Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the last decade, the use of <i>Streptomyces</i> species as biological azo-degraders has increased, and these bacteria are mainly isolated from mangroves, dye-contaminated soil, and marine sediments. Azo pigments such as acid orange, indigo carmine, Congo red, and Evans blue are the most studied compounds for degradation, and <i>Streptomyces</i> produces extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, and azo reductase. These enzymes cleave the molecule through asymmetric cleavage, followed by oxidative cleavage, desulfonation, deamination, and demethylation. Typically, some lignin-derived and phenolic compounds are used as mediators to improve enzyme activity. The degradation process generates diverse compounds, the majority of which are toxic to human cells and, in some cases, can improve the germination process in some horticulture plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future research should include analytical methods to detect all of the molecules that are generated in degradation processes to determine the involved reactions. Moreover, future studies should delve into consortium studies to improve degradation efficiency and observe the relationship between microorganisms to generate scale-up biotechnological applications in the wastewater treatment industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological Advances Utilizing Aptamers and Peptides Refining PD-L1 Targeting.","authors":"Hari Prasad Timilsina, Satya Prakash Arya, Xiaohong Tan","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603028","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While monoclonal antibodies have shown success in cancer immunotherapy, their limitations prompt exploration of alternative approaches such as aptamers and peptides targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Despite the significance of these biotechnological tools, a comprehensive review encompassing both aptamers and peptides for PD-L1 targeting is lacking. Addressing this gap is crucial for consolidating recent advancements and insights in this field. Biotechnological advances leveraging aptamers and peptides represent a cutting-edge approach in refining the targeting proteins. Our review aims to provide valuable guidance for researchers and clinicians, highlighting the biotechnological advances utilizing aptamers and peptides refining PD-L1 targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining Melanin-Synthesizing Strains of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and their Use for Biological Preparations.","authors":"Sona Avetisyan, Anichka Hovsepyan, Lusine Saghatelyan, Haykanush Koloyan, Olga Chizhik, Susanna Hovhannisyan, Marina Paronyan","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603027","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A pivotal objective in crop production and plant protection lies in developing environmentally friendly insecticidal preparations and biostimulants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strains with varied insecticidal spectra and engineered melanogenic mutants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated a significant increase in insecticidal activity in the isolated mutants. Meanwhile, there was no observable impact of the enhanced synthesis of water-soluble melanin on the nature and abundance of spore and crystal formation. This heightened efficacy can be attributed to the photoprotective qualities of the synthesized pigment, shielding spores and crystals against the detrimental effects of UV radiation and insolation. We demonstrated the high biological activity of water-soluble bacterial melanin through <i>in vivo</i> experiments involving multiple plant species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that bacterial melanin is a potent phytostimulant. This preparation accelerates and amplifies plant growth and development processes, leading to a substantial increase in crop yield by 20-40%. The simultaneous synthesis of two biologically active substance, melanin and insecticidal toxins, ensures an elevated level of effectiveness in utilizing melaninogenic strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Macroporous Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Cryogel-Based Mini-Bioreactor System to Improve Monoclonal Antibody Production.","authors":"Jyothilekshmi Indiramma, Kishore K R Tetala, N S Jayaprakash","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603026","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are pioneers in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, asthma, poisoning, viral infections, etc. As the market value of mAbs increases in the biopharma industry, the demand for high quantities is met by upscaled production using bioreactor systems. Thus, disposable, porous matrices called cryogels have gained the primary focus for adherent support in the proliferation of hybridoma cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a gelatin-immobilized polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-based cryogel material (disc-shaped, 9 mL bed volume) was synthesized, and a mini-bioreactor set up developed for culturing hybridoma cells to produce mAbs continuously. The hybridoma clone, 1B4A2D5, secreting anti-human serum albumin monoclonal antibodies, was immobilized in the cryogel matrix (2 discs, 18 mL bed volume).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hybridoma cells were attached to the matrix within 12 h after inoculation, and the cells were in the lag phase for seven days, where they were secreted mAb into the circulation medium. During the initial exponential phase, the glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and mAb production were 3.36 mM/day, 3.67 mM/day, and 55.61 µg/mL/day, respectively. The medium was refreshed whenever the glucose in the media went below 50% of the initial glucose concentration. The cryogenic reactor was run continuously for 25 days, and the mAb concentration reached a maximum on the 17th day at 310.59 µg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cumulative amount of mAbs produced in 25 days of running was 246 µg/mL, 7.7 times higher than the mAbs produced from T-flask batch cultivation. These results demonstrate that the developed polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-based cryogel reactor can be used efficiently for continuous mAb production.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Comprising an Artemether-Lumefantrine Fixed-Dose Combination to Treat Malaria.","authors":"Joe M Viljoen, Lauren Cilliers, Lissinda H du Plessis","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1603025","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1603025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite attempts to control malaria, poor drug bioavailability means malaria still places enormous pressure on health globally. It has been found that the solubility of highly lipophilic compounds can be enhanced through lipid formulations, e.g., self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs). Thus, quality-by-design and characterization were used to justify the development and determine the feasibility of oral oil-in-water SEDDSs comprising a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of artemether-lumefantrine to treat malaria more effectively without the aid of a fatty meal. These formulations were compared to a commercial product containing the same active compounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Excipient compatibility and spontaneous emulsification capacity of different FDC-excipient combinations were identified by employing isothermal microcalorimetry, solubility, and water titration tests. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed, and checkpoint formulations were selected within the self-emulsification region by reviewing formulation properties essential for optimized drug delivery. SEDDSs capable of enduring phase separation within 24 h were subjected to characterization experiments, i.e., drug concentration determination, cloud point, droplet size, size distribution, self-emulsification time, self-emulsification efficacy, viscosity, zeta potential, and thermodynamic stability analysis. SEDDSs with favorable characteristics were identified in the micro or nano range (SNEDDSs) before being subjected to drug release studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All final formulations depicted enhanced artemether and lumefantrine release compared to the commercial product, which could not release lumefantrine at a quantifiable concentration in this study. The avocado oil (AVO)4:6 and olive oil (OLV)3:7 SNEDDSs overall portrayed the ideal characteristics and depicted the highest percentage of drug release.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers evidence that SNEDDSs from selected natural oils comprising an artemether-lumefantrine FDC can potentially enhance the bioavailability of these lipophilic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 3","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}