Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline.","authors":"James Melrose, Margaret M Smith","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404027","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to highlight the beneficial attributes of flavonoids, a diverse family of widely-distributed polyphenolic phytochemicals that have beneficial cell and tissue protective properties. Phytochemicals are widely distributed in plants, herbs and shrubs used in traditional complimentary medical formulations for centuries. The bioactive components that convey beneficial medicinal effects in these complex herbal preparations are now being identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking procedures that identify their molecular targets. Flavonoids have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer properties that have inspired the development of potent multifunctional derivatised flavonoids of improved efficacy. The antiviral properties of flavonoids and the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in a resurgence of interest in phytochemicals in the search for efficacious compounds that can prevent viral infection or replication, with many promising plant compounds identified. Promising semi-synthetic flavonoid derivatives have also been developed that inhibit multiple pathological neurodegenerative processes; these offer considerable promise in the treatment of diseases of cognitive decline. Clinical trials are currently being undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements rich in flavonoids for the treatment of virally-mediated diseases. Such trials are expected to identify flavonoids with cell and tissue protective properties that can be harnessed in biomedical applications that may serve as supportive adjunctive procedures to conventional anti-viral drug therapies against diseases such as COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Composition, Physicochemical and Microbiological Characterization of Edible Seaweeds Available in the Portuguese Market.","authors":"Bruno Miguel Campos,&nbsp;Edgar Ramalho,&nbsp;Isa Marmelo,&nbsp;João Paulo Noronha,&nbsp;Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira,&nbsp;Paulina Mata,&nbsp;Mário Sousa Diniz","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work was the study of the proximate composition and profile of fatty acids, minerals, and some microbiological aspects of four edible seaweed species (<i>Chondrus crispus</i>, <i>Palmaria palmata</i>, <i>Porphyra</i> sp., and <i>Ulva</i> sp.) available in the Portuguese market for food consumption, and produced in a national Integrated Multi-Trophic System (IMTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Moisture, ash, and total lipids were determined gravimetrically. Crude protein was analysed by Duma's combustion procedures. The total carbohydrate content was assayed by the phenol/sulphuric acid method. The assessment of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) was determined through GC-MS. Characterization of elemental analysis was performed by ICP-AES. Different standard microbiological methods were applied for microorganisms. Statistics were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test to assess significant differences between samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lipid contents (<i>n</i> = 3) were very low (1.6-2.3%), particularly in <i>Palmaria palmata</i>, and <i>Chondrus crispus</i> (1.6-1.7%). The protein content (<i>n</i> = 4) varied from 14.4% in <i>P. palmata</i> to 23.7% in <i>Porphyra</i> sp. Carbohydrates (<i>n</i> = 3) were the major constituent of most seaweeds (31-34%), except in <i>Porphyra</i> sp., with higher content in proteins than carbohydrates. Regarding the fatty acid content (<i>n</i> = 4), in general, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the most abundant followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Among macro and trace elements (<i>n</i> = 3), <i>Chondrus crispus</i> shows the highest average content in Zn (71.1 mg ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), <i>Palmaria palmata</i> the highest average content in K (124.8 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), <i>Porphyra</i> sp. the highest average content in P (2.1 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), and <i>Ulva</i> sp. the highest average content of Ca (5.5 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), Mg (55.8 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), and Fe (336.3 mg ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.). In general, Na and K were the most abundant elements among analysed seaweed. Additionally, the microbiological results (<i>n</i> = 4) comply with the Portuguese guidelines (subgroup 2D) on the application of general principles of food hygiene in ready-to-eat foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the results highlight the potential of using these seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of elements and bioactive compounds to produce enriched food products with a beneficial potential for human nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antibiotic-Resistance Reversal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants from Cameroon against Selected Resistant and Non-Resistant Uropathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene,&nbsp;Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna,&nbsp;Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares,&nbsp;Kezimana Parfait,&nbsp;Smolyakova Larissa Andreevna,&nbsp;Hippolyte Tene Mouafo,&nbsp;Manar Rehailia,&nbsp;Yashina Natalia Vyacheslavovna,&nbsp;Smirnova Irina Pavlovna,&nbsp;Irma Aurelia Monique Manga,&nbsp;Das Milana Sergueïevna","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Antibiotics' resistance is the leading cause of complications in the treatment of urinary tract infections. This study aimed to screen the antimicrobial potential of 8 plants from Cameroon against multi-resistant uropathogenic (MRU) bacteria and to investigate their antibioresistance reversal properties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Bioactive compounds were extracted from leaves of <i>Leucanthemum vulgare</i>, <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>, <i>Moringa oleifera</i> and <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i>; barks of <i>Cinchona officinalis</i> and <i>Enantia chlorantha</i> barks and seeds of <i>Garcinia lucida</i> and leaves and seeds of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> using water and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538 and <i>Candida albicans</i> 10231 using the well diffusion and the broth microdilution methods. The antibiotic-resistance reversal activity was assessed against selected MRU bacteria. The phytochemical composition and the elemental composition of the most active extracts were assessed respectively using HPLC-MS/MS and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the most active plants, in decreasing order of antimicrobial activity we found ethanolic (EE) and aqueous extracts (AE) of <i>E. chloranta</i> bark (ECB), EE of <i>L. vulgare</i> leaves and <i>G. lucida</i> seeds. The best synergies between common antibiotics and extracts were found with EE-ECB which well-modulated kanamycin nitrofurantoin and ampicillin. All the compounds identified in EE-ECB were alkaloids and the major constituents were palmatine (51.63%), columbamine+7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxypalmatine (19.21%), jatrorrhizine (11.02%) and pseudocolumbamine (6.33%). Among the minerals found in EE-ECB (S, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Br), Br, Fe and Cl were the most abundant with mean fluorescence intensities of 4.6529, 3.4854 and 2.5942 cps/uA respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ethanol extract of the bark of <i>E. chlorantha</i> has remarkable, broad-spectrum antimicrobial and contains several palmatine derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuminaldehyde ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic mice.","authors":"Kannan Duraisamy,&nbsp;Pari Leelavinothan,&nbsp;Paari Ellappan,&nbsp;Tulsi Deepak Singh Balaji,&nbsp;Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman,&nbsp;Shyamaldevi Babu","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal-fats are rich in long-chain saturated fatty-acids, well known to induct diabetic distress among ingested insulin-insensitive individuals. In the current-study, bovine-fat was fed to selective mice breeds highly sensitized to heavy dietary lipid load.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The later high fat diet (HFD) group indeed undergone diabetic-onset within weeks with a drastically altered feed-behavior pattern. It consumed more food, gained body mass, elevated homeostatic model assessment value and extensively glycosylated Hb transporters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>However, the hypothetical test drug (Cuminaldehyde or CA) with known therapeutic-potential worked-well to balance food efficiency-ratio and Hb- counts closer to control. The fat-soluble phytochemical mono-terpenoid (CA) promoted constitutive mono-hexose (glucose) consuming catabolic-cycles via mono-glycoprotein (insulin) signal-transduction. It resolved diabetogenic-upsurge of gluconeogenic-enzymes, reduced non-sugar (amino/fatty acids) utilization by restricting transamination/dephosphorylation and restored liver-glycogen reserves near to normal-group effectively at 10 mg/kg b.w dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hence, the nutraceutical-potential (anti-diabetes/transaminitis ability) of administered exogenous redox-active agent CA can be entertained for evoking therapeutic-heath in diabetic human-community.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Abiotrophia</i> spp. and <i>Granulicatella</i> spp. Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Perspective.","authors":"Agustín Estévez,&nbsp;Mercedes Marín,&nbsp;Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo,&nbsp;Marina Machado,&nbsp;Luís Alcalá,&nbsp;Blanca Pinilla,&nbsp;Antonia Delgado,&nbsp;Víctor González-Ramallo,&nbsp;Álvaro Pedraz,&nbsp;Manuel Martínez-Sellés,&nbsp;Emilio Bouza,&nbsp;Maricela Valerio,&nbsp;Patricia Muñoz,&nbsp;On Behalf Of Game-Hgugm","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Abiotrophia</i> spp. and <i>Granulicatella</i> spp. are Gram-positive cocci, formerly known as nutritionally variant or deficient <i>Streptococcus</i>. Their role as causative agents of infective endocarditis (IE) is numerically uncertain, as well as diagnostic and clinical management of this infection. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognosis of patients with IE caused by these microorganisms in a large microbiology department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of all the patients with <i>Abiotrophia</i> spp. and <i>Granulicatella</i> spp. IE registered in our centre in the period 2004-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 822 IE in the study period, 10 (1.2%) were caused by <i>Abiotrophia</i> spp. (7) or <i>Granulicatella</i> spp. (3). The species involved were <i>A.defectiva</i> (7), <i>G.adiacens</i> (2) and <i>G.elegans</i> (1). Eight patients were male, their mean age was 46 years and four were younger than 21 years. The most frequent comorbidities were congenital heart disease (4; 40%) and the presence of intracardiac prosthetic material (5; 50%). IE occurred on 5 native valves and 5 prosthetic valve or material. Blood cultures were positive in 8/10 patients, within a mean incubation period of 18.07 hours. In the other two patients, a positive 16SPCR from valve or prosthetic material provided the diagnosis. Surgery for IE was performed in seven patients (70%) and in all cases positive <i>16S rRNA</i> PCR and sequencing from valve or prosthetic material was demonstrated. Valves and/or prosthetic removed material cultures were positive in four patients. Nine patients received ceftriaxone (4 in monotherapy and 5 in combination with other antibiotics). The mean length of treatment was 6 weeks and IE-associated mortality was 20% at one year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Abiotrophia</i> spp. or <i>Granulicatella</i> spp. IE were infrequent but not exceptional in our environment and particularly affected patients with congenital heart disease or prosthetic material. Blood cultures and molecular methods allowed the diagnosis. Most of them required surgery and the associated mortality, in spite of a mean age of 46 years, was high.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33470139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of the Faecal Microbiome of Foals from 0-5 Months of Age and Their Respective Mares across Five Geographic Locations.","authors":"Grace C O'Reilly,&nbsp;Devin B Holman,&nbsp;Katharine Muscat,&nbsp;Gary Muscatello,&nbsp;Mariano C Parra,&nbsp;Sarah J Meale,&nbsp;Alex V Chaves","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A foal undergoes considerable growth and development from birth to weaning, progressing from a milk-based diet to complete herbivory. The symbiotic relationships between bacteria, archaea and fungi substantiate this energy demand by colonising the hindgut and remaining flexible throughout the diet transitions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 70 faecal samples were collected from 14 mares and their foals across five studs in NSW as they aged from 0 to 5 months old. DNA was extracted from faecal samples and underwent amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region of archaea and bacteria, and the fungal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) region. The fungal and bacterial community structure was assessed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities, and the effect of age at sampling and location was determined using PERMANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age at sampling had a substantial effect on the foal's archaeal and bacterial faecal microbiota (PERMANOVA: R2 = 0.16; <i>p</i> < 0.01), while the effect of geographical location was smaller but still significant (PERMANOVA: R2 = 0.07; <i>p</i> < 0.01). The overall abundance, diversity and richness of bacterial and archaeal populations increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) as foals aged, most noticeably rising between foals 1 to 2 and 2 to 3 months of age. The 15 most relatively abundant fungal species were all environmental saprophytes, most strongly affected by geographical location (<i>p</i> < 0.01) rather than age at sampling. There was an effect of location on <i>Preussia Africana</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and a location × age interaction for fungal species <i>Preussia persica</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.01), <i>Acremonium furcatum</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and <i>Podospora pseudocomata</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.01). There was no effect of age, location, or location × age interaction on the relative abundance of the remaining fungal species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The faecal microbiome appeared to stabilise for most bacterial and archaeal genera by 2 to 3 months of age, resembling an adult mare. Bacterial genera isolated from faecal samples belonged mainly to the <i>Firmicutes</i> phylum. Age at sampling more strongly affected the archaeal and bacterial faecal microbiota than the effect of the geographical location where the horse was sampled. The lack of effect of location on microbe populations suggests that although environmental factors may influence population structure, there are distinct differences at each stage of foal maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33470135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Applications of Bio-Inputs Derived from Macroalgae and Bacteria on a <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Crop.","authors":"Bruno Marques,&nbsp;Kiril Bahcevandziev,&nbsp;Paulo César de Melo,&nbsp;Alan T Critchley","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.), is one of the most relevant legumes worldwide, as a source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates, and biologically important minerals. In recent decades, bean production increased significantly, especially in developing countries, where the availability of animal protein is often in short supply. However, a large portion of this agricultural production has been achieved in an unsustainable manner, through the intensive use of non-renewable agrochemicals, which in both the short and long term negatively affect soil fertility. To address this problem, the use of sustainable and renewable bio-inputs derived from macroalgae, and microorganisms may be amongst solutions required. Extracts of seaweeds have been shown to be biodegradable and non-toxic both for treated plants and consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the application of three bio-inputs made from different organisms on a common bean variety (BRSMG Realce) by analysing plant physiology and productivity, pod morphology, nutritional and mineral characterization of the bean. The study also aimed to evaluate the length of BRSMG Realce crop life cycle and compare its nutritional value with other commonly consumed varieties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six treatments were performed: T0 - Control; T1 - Calmar® (soil - 100 kg/ha); T2 - Profertil® (foliar - 0.5%(v/v)); T3 - Albit® (leaf - 0.02%(v/v)); T4 - Calmar® ((100 kg/ha) + Profertil® (0.5%(v/v)); T5 - Calmar® ((100 kg/ha) + Albit® (0.02% (v/v)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The leaf chlorophyll index revealed significant increases for T2, T4 and T5, compared to control. In general, the treatments related to the pods morphology showed significant increases in the length/width ratio. In terms of productivity, significant increases were found with T1, T4 and T5. In the analysis of the nutritional value of dried beans there were significant increases in the contents of fiber in T1, protein in T4 and T5 and carbohydrates for T1, T2 and T3. For mineral composition, there were increases in the phosphorus content of T2, T4 and T5 beans. When the cooked beans were analysed, T4 and T1 produced a greater amount of ash and proteins, as compared to control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The applications of bio-inputs in the bean crop (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) exerted several positive and significant effects, mainly on the CCI, productivity, pod morphology as well as cooked bean nutritional values. It was verified that BRSMG Reakce has the potential to be included in the Portuguese diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term Variability of Macro- and Trace Elements in <i>Elymus Repens</i> L. and <i>Urtica Dioica</i> L.","authors":"Irina Shtangeeva,&nbsp;Matti Niemelä,&nbsp;Alexander Ryumin,&nbsp;Vladimir Chelibanov,&nbsp;Alexander Golovin,&nbsp;Ilkka Vesavaara,&nbsp;Paavo Perämäki","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The main aim of the research was to study short-term changes in the concentrations of elements in two widely distributed plant species, couch grass and nettle and in the rhizosphere soil of the plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sampling of plants and soil was carried out on three dates: 3, 10, and 25 May 2021. On each day of sampling, the plants and soil were collected three times: at 9:00, 14:00, and 19:00. The ICP-OES and ICP-MS analytical techniques were used for determination of elements in the plant and soil samples. The Raman spectroscopy was applied to study variations in the organic compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentrations of both macro-nutrients and trace elements in plants varied greatly over daytime on all dates of sampling. The differences between concentrations of many elements in the plants collected at different times during a day were statistically significant. There were also statistically significant differences between concentrations of some elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Fe, Ba) in the plants collected on different dates. The relative intensity of diffuse luminescence of the rhizosphere soil of couch grass and nettle was different during daytime and also differed between the soils taken from roots of the two plant species, especially in the beginning of May.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The experimental data indicates that the daily variations of the element concentrations in plants might be a result of multiple effects of various factors. The differences in the daily element variations in the couch grass and nettle growing in the same site and collected simultaneously might be due to the fact that these plants belong to different clades. The diurnal fluctuations (that also include regular changes in the element concentrations in plants) can be different for monocotyledons (couch grass) and dicotyledons (nettle). New experimental findings on short-term variations in the concentrations of macro-nutrients and trace elements can help to gain a new insight into accumulation of the elements in different plant species and also be useful in agricultural practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Microbiota Changes during Orthodontic Treatment.","authors":"Simona Santonocito,&nbsp;Alessandro Polizzi","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular due to its benefits in improving facial and smile aesthetics, self-esteem and the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. However, orthodontic appliances make it more difficult to brush teeth effectively, as they interfere with tooth brushing and facilitate the accumulation of dental plaque (biofilm), which induces a quantitative and qualitative change in the oral microbiota. It can cause several adverse effects, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, white spot lesions (WSL), caries and halitosis, induced by an increase in periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria. Therefore, this article resumes the main findings on the changes in the oral microbiota induced by different orthodontic appliances (removable, fixed and clear aligners) and gives some practical strategies in order to reduce the impact and/or incidence of local dental/periodontal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33470140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Risks in Polypathology and Polypharmacotherapy Challenges in the Era of the Transition of Thalassaemia from a Fatal to a Chronic or Curable Disease.","authors":"Annita Kolnagou,&nbsp;Marios Kleanthous,&nbsp;George J Kontoghiorghes","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1403018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1403018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beta thalassaemia major (TM), a potentially fatal haemoglobinopathy, has transformed from a fatal to a chronic disease in the last 30 years following the introduction of effective, personalised iron chelation protocols, in particular the use of oral deferiprone, which is most effective in the removal of excess iron from the heart. This transition in TM has been achieved by the accessibility to combination therapy with the other chelating drugs deferoxamine and deferasirox but also therapeutic advances in the treatment of related co-morbidities. The transition and design of effective personalised chelation protocols was facilitated by the development of new non-invasive diagnostic techniques for monitoring iron removal such as MRI T2*. Despite this progress, the transition in TM is mainly observed in developed countries, but not globally. Similarly, potential cures of TM with haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy are available to selected TM patients but potentially carry high risk of toxicity. A global strategy is required for the transition efforts to become available for all TM patients worldwide. The same strategy could also benefit many other categories of transfusional iron loaded patients including other thalassaemias, sickle cell anaemia, myelodysplasia and leukaemia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 3","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33470138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}