Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Rhizosphere Microbiome and Functioning in Alternative Rice Cropping Methods: A Critical Review for Rice Sustainability.","authors":"Ejamani Dakshayini, Sengalan Muthuramu, Subramainiyam Maragatham, Rangasamy Anandham, Dananjeyan Balachandar","doi":"10.31083/FBE25926","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE25926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is a staple crop worldwide, providing sustenance to over half the global population. The rice microbiome represents the complex interaction between rice plants and their surrounding microbial communities. Plants host various microorganisms in different regions, including the rhizosphere, surface tissues, such as the rhizoplane and phylloplane, and inner tissues (endosphere). These microorganisms engage in diverse interactions with the plants, ranging from beneficial to neutral or harmful. This rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in improving the resilience and sustainability of rice cultivation. The relationship between the rice plants and their microbial communities is imperative for developing farming practices that maximize yields while minimizing biotic and abiotic stresses. Our examination underscores the diverse functions of rhizosphere microbiota within rice farming systems, particularly in nutrient uptake, drought resilience, pest and disease management, and tolerance to salinity. This review describes the different types of rice cultivation methods farmers use worldwide to improve the efficiency of rice production in various agro-ecological contexts. Moreover, the review details how alternate cropping methods influence the rhizosphere functioning of rice and techniques for managing the microbiome function for rice sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"25926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Commensal Bacteria: Next-generation Pro- and Post-biotics for Anticancer Therapy.","authors":"Himal Sapkota, Subrata Dasgupta, Bishnudeo Roy, Ejaj K Pathan","doi":"10.31083/FBE26809","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE26809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a common, deadly disease with an unknown etiology. Meanwhile, current therapeutic options possess significant risks. However, probiotic bacteria and their metabolites have been reported to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. Therefore, because of their selective specificity and lack of treatment-associated comorbidities, these bacteria and their metabolites could be potential alternatives to conventional chemical and radiation therapies. Given their superior immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects and lack of side effects, commensal bacteria derived from healthy humans are currently used as next-generation probiotics. This review summarizes current findings on these probiotic properties and anti-cancer activities of healthy human commensal bacteria. Additionally, the review focuses on small metabolites, proteins, and enzymes secreted by human commensal bacteria for their therapeutic applications against cancer. Further, utilizing a protein engineering strategy to reduce the toxicity of L-asparaginase, an enzyme-based anti-leukemia drug used for the last forty years, is also discussed. A possible workflow outline for isolating, identifying, screening, and characterizing human commensal bacterial strains for their therapeutic applications in cancer treatment is also proposed. This review emphasizes the need to explore various human commensal bacteria, not just mainstream lactic acid bacteria, for novel cancer therapeutics that provide multiple health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"26809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Plant Breeding Using Data Analytics and Information Technology: Innovations, Applications, and Prospective Directions.","authors":"Mohammad Muzahidur Rahman Bhuiyan, Inshad Rahman Noman, Md Munna Aziz, Md Mizanur Rahaman, Md Rashedul Islam, Mia Md Tofayel Gonee Manik, Kallol Das","doi":"10.31083/FBE27936","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE27936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study focused on plant breeding, from traditional methods to the present most advanced genetic and data-driven concepts. Conventional breeding techniques, such as mass selection and cross-breeding, have been instrumental in crop improvement, although they possess inherent limitations in precision and efficiency. Advanced molecular methods allow breeders to improve crops quicker by more accurately targeting specific traits. Data analytics and information technology (IT) are crucial in modern plant breeding, providing tools for data management, analysis, and interpretation of large volumes of data from genomic, phenotypic, and environmental sources. Meanwhile, emerging technologies in machine learning, high-throughput phenotyping, and the Internet of Things (IoT) provide real-time insights into the performance and responses of plants to environmental variables, enabling precision breeding. These tools will allow breeders to select complex traits related to yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance more precisely and effectively. Moreover, this data-driven approach will enable breeders to use resources judiciously and make crops resilient, thus contributing to sustainable agriculture. Data analytics integrated into IT will enhance traditional breeding and other key applications in sustainable agriculture, such as crop yield improvement, biofortification, and climate change adaptation. This review aims to highlight the role of interdisciplinary collaboration among breeders, data scientists, and agronomists in absorbing these technologies. Further, this review discusses the future trends that will make plant breeding even more effective with this new wave of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and collaborative platforms, bringing new data transparency, collaboration, and predictability levels. Data and IT-based breeding will greatly contribute to future global food security and sustainable food production. Thus, creating high-performing, resource-efficient crops will be the foundation of a future agricultural vision that balances environmental care. More technological integration in plant breeding is needed for resilient and sustainable food systems to handle the growing population and changing climate challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"27936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic Composition and Predicted Metabolic Pathway Analyses of the Endometrial and Rectal Microbiota in Dairy Cows Following the Introduction of a Complex Feed Additive.","authors":"Elena A Yildirim, Georgi Yu Laptev, Larisa A Ilina, Ekaterina S Ponomareva, Evgeni A Brazhnik, Tatyana S Smetannikova, Natalia I Novikova, Daria G Turina, Valentina A Filippova, Andrei V Dubrovin, Alisa S Dubrovina, Kseniya A Kalitkina, Irina A Klyuchnikova, Vasiliy A Zaikin, Darren K Griffin, Michael N Romanov","doi":"10.31083/FBE25725","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE25725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The microbiome composition in dairy cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) directly impacts on health and reproductive performance. This study aimed to determine the metagenomic composition and predicted microbial community functions in the endometrium and rectal chyme of cows fed a complex feed additive (CFA). The latter included the <i>Bacillus mucilaginosus</i> 159 strain, a short-chain fatty acid, plus essential oils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinically healthy cows were divided into two groups (<i>n</i> = 15 in each): (I) a control group fed the standard diet, and (II) an experimental group. CFA was introduced into the diet of Group II during the entire transit period at a dose of 50 g per animal per day; moreover, all animals received Pen-Strep 400 antibiotics to prevent endometritis and other pathologies. The microbial community composition from the endometrium and rectal chyme biotopes was assessed using targeted next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant changes were observed in the composition and predicted metabolic pathways due to the CFA administration, with the endometrial microbiota being more responsive to CFA than the intestinal chyme microbiome. Remarkably, the Actinobacteriota representatives disappeared in the endometrium of Group II animals compared to controls, whose content ranged from 0.34 to 3.3%. The use of CFA also resulted in a less pronounced effect in four predicted metabolic pathways for microbial degradation of catechol in the endometrium compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the concept of a relationship between the gut microbiome and the reproductive system microflora of cows, as we observed changes in the composition and predicted metabolic pathways of the endometrial microbiota after orally administering CFA. This emphasizes the need for an integrated approach combining the correction of microecological disorders in the intestines and the reproductive system simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"25725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and Antifungal Activities of Amazonian Actinomycetes Isolated from Rhizospheres of <i>Inga edulis</i> Plants.","authors":"Rafael de Souza Rodrigues, Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza, Anderson Nogueira Barbosa, Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva Santiago, Aldenora Dos Santos Vasconcelos, Roneres Deniz Barbosa, Thalita Caroline Lima Alves, Jeferson Chagas da Cruz, Gilvan Ferreira da Silva, Jania Lilia da Silva Bentes, Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604039","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Actinobacteria are major producers of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites and are growing their search for substances of biotechnological interest, especially for use in agriculture, among other applications. The Amazon is potentially rich in actinobacteria; however, almost no research studies exist. Thus, we present a study of the occurrence and antifungal potential of actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of <i>Inga edulis</i>, a native South American plant and one that is economically useful in the whole of the Amazon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among the 64 actinobacteria strains isolated from the rhizosphere of three <i>Inga edulis</i> plants, 20 strains were selected and submitted to dual-culture assays against five important phytopathogenic fungi and morphological and 16S rRNA gene analyses. Two strains, LaBMicrA B270 and B280, were also studied for production curves of metabolic extracts and antifungal activities, including their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against phytopathogenic fungi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 20 strains, 90% were identified as <i>Streptomyces</i> and 10% as <i>Kitasatospora</i>. All the strains showed antagonisms against two or more of five phytopathogens: <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i>, <i>Colletotrichum guaranicola</i>, <i>Colletotrichum</i> sp., <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp., and <i>Sclerotium coffeicola</i>. <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. strains LaBMicrA B270 and B280 were active against phytopathogens of the guarana plant (<i>Paullinia cupana</i>). Furthermore, AcOEt/2-propanol 9:1 extract from the 10-day strain LaBMicrA B280 cultured medium presented activity against all the phytopathogens tested, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results revealed various actinomycetes in three rhizospheres of <i>I. edulis</i> in the Amazon and the high potential of metabolic extracts from some of these bacterial strains against phytopathogenic fungi that destroy numerous crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-Based Microbial Protein Production: A Review of Processing and Properties.","authors":"Tawakalt Ayodele, Abodunrin Tijani, Musiliu Liadi, Kudirat Alarape, Clairmont Clementson, Ademola Hammed","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604040","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rise in population and societal changes have increased pressure on resources required to meet the growing demand for food and changing dietary preferences. The increasing demand for animal protein is concerning and raises questions regarding sustainability due to its environmental impact. Subsequently, scientists seek alternative proteins, such as microbial proteins (MPs), as an environmentally friendly choice. The production of MPs promotes benefits, including reducing deforestation and CO₂ emissions. Several microorganism types, such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae, use a variety of substrates for MP production, from agricultural residues to lignocellulosic biomass. These complex substrates, including lignocellulosic biomass, are converted to fermentable sugar through either chemical, physical, or biological methods. Indeed, fermentation can occur through submerged cultures or other methods. However, this depends on the substrate and microorganisms being utilized. MPs have properties that make them versatile and useful ingredients in various applications. Using residues and lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials for producing MPs offers sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and waste reduction advantages. These properties are consistent with the principles established by green chemistry, which aims to conserve resources effectively and operate sustainably in all areas. This review highlights the importance of studying manufacturing aspects and the characteristics associated with MPs, which can be implemented to solve problems and encourage novel methods in the global food/feed industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Molecular Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Wastewater Environments in Two University Campuses in Nigeria.","authors":"Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu, Chukwudi Anyanwu, Cornelius Arome Omatola, Ruth Foluke Aminu, Joseph Oyiguh Abraham, Gilbert Karngong Nfor, Sunday Ocholi Samson, S'fiso Thuthukani Gumbi","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604038","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is the most prominent bacterial pathogen that causes urinary tract infections (UTIs), and the rate of resistance to most used antibiotics is alarmingly increasing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study assessed the hostel gutters of two Nigerian universities, the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and Kogi State University, Anyigba (KSU), for <i>E. coli</i> and its antimicrobial resistance genes (<i>ARGs</i>). Oxoid Chromogenic UTI agar was used to isolate uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (UPEC), identified using standard biochemical tests. The virulence and resistance genes of the isolates were further characterized using molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 906 UPEC were isolated in this study, of which 63 isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The UPEC isolates showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin, and penicillin G, while a complete sensitivity of the isolates to meropenem and ciprofloxacin was observed. The index of isolates showing multidrug resistance ranged from 0.33 to 0.73. The level of multiple drug resistance (MDR) exhibited by the UPEC isolates from effluent was significantly higher compared to those from influent (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ARGs detected were <i>blaOXA-1</i> 8 (38.1%), <i>blaCTX-M3</i> 8 (38.1%), and <i>ant(2)-la</i> 20 (95.2%). Virulence genes encodings beta-glucuronidase (<i>uidA</i>) and hemolysin A (<i>hlyA</i>) were detected in 95.2% of UPEC isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed that UPEC is widely distributed in the environment of two Nigerian universities. The index range of MDR and the circulation of ARGs and virulence genes in the environment suggest a potential health concern, thus warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly Isolated <i>Priestia megaterium</i> LAMA1607 for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal: A Genomic and Functional Characterization.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Castro do Nascimento, Letícia Coelho Montagna, Laíza Manfroi, Yan de Oliveira Laaf, Luigi Ferrazza Maiochi, Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva, André Oliveira de Souza Lima","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604037","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604037","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems utilize phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) to remove phosphorus from wastewater since excessive phosphorus in water bodies can lead to eutrophication. This study aimed to characterize a newly isolated PAO strain for its potential application in EBPR systems and to screen for additional biotechnological potential. Here, sequencing allowed for genomic analysis, identifying the genes and molecules involved, and exploring other potentials. Additionally, assessing the phosphorus removal performance of the PAO strain in common effluents is essential for its potential application in large-scale systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A strain designated LAMA1607 was isolated from activated sludge and selected based on its ability to remove total phosphate from the culture medium. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Assembly and annotation were performed using CLC Genomics Workbench v.24.0 (QIAGEN®) and Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST)/Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) server tools. Functional prediction of uncharacterized proteins was completed using PHYRE2, and secondary metabolite identification was performed using antiSMASH. Further, additional enzymes with biotechnological applications were manually curated through the Association of Manufacturers and Formulators of Enzyme Products (AMFEP) list. The phosphorus removal capability was assessed in domestic and fishery effluents under enriched and unenriched conditions, where pH, microbial growth, and total phosphorus were monitored over 48 hours.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The genome sequence comprised 5,234,874 bp divided into 20 contigs, 5540 coding sequences, and a GC content of 38.0%; subsequently, LAMA1607 was identified through Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis as &lt;i&gt;Priestia megaterium&lt;/i&gt;. Genome annotation revealed 27 genes potentially involved in phosphorus removal, including eight encoding transport proteins, three regulatory proteins, twelve enzymes, and others related to phosphorus incorporation and polyphosphate (polyP) granule formation. Moreover, other enzymes of interest were identified, such as hydrolases, lipases, proteases, and amylases, alongside secondary metabolite gene clusters, such as Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore. &lt;i&gt;P. megaterium&lt;/i&gt; LAMA1607 effectively removed up to 70% of the total phosphorus from the fishery effluent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Genomic analysis suggests that &lt;i&gt;P. megaterium&lt;/i&gt; LAMA1607 possesses the mechanistic functions for phosphorus uptake, transport, and storage while also identifying additional biotechnologically relevant enzymes and capabilities. Meanwhile, tests on the effluent demonstrated significant phosphorus removal. These findings support the biotechnological potential and application of &lt;i&gt;P. megaterium&lt;/i&gt; LAMA","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Communities and Their Role in Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Olga I Guliy, Stella S Evstigneeva","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604036","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since infections associated with microbial communities threaten human health, research is increasingly focusing on the development of biofilms and strategies to combat them. Bacterial communities may include bacteria of one or several species. Therefore, examining all the microbes and identifying individual community bacteria responsible for the infectious process is important. Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is paramount in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Here, we analyze biofilm composition and describe the main groups of pathogens whose presence in a microbial community leads to infection (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus spp</i>., <i>Cutibacterium spp</i>., bacteria of the HACEK, etc.). Particular attention is paid to bacterial communities that can lead to the development of device-associated infections, damage, and disruption of the normal functioning of medical devices, such as cardiovascular implants, biliary stents, neurological, orthopedic, urological and penile implants, etc. Special consideration is given to tissue-located bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity, lungs and lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, middle ear, cardiovascular system, skeletal system, wound surface, and urogenital system. We also describe methods used to analyze the bacterial composition in biofilms, such as microbiologically testing, staining, microcolony formation, cellular and extracellular biofilm components, and other methods. Finally, we present ways to reduce the incidence of biofilm-caused infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting Quercetin from Different Plant Sources, Purifying It Using Different Extraction Methods (Chemical, Physical, and Enzymatic), and Measuring Its Antioxidant Activity.","authors":"Safa Hussein Baqer, Zena Kadhim Al-Younis, Sarmad Ghazi Al-Shawi","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1604035","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1604035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flavonoids are among the most important compounds found in plants, since laboratory studies have shown them to be a daily requirement in human diets due to their various health benefits. Therefore, this study focused on extracting, purifying, and measuring the antioxidant activity of the flavonoid quercetin, which is widely found in plants and possesses a variety of biological activities, from different plant sources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The extraction of quercetin was performed using several methods (chemical, physical, and enzymatic) and several extraction solutions (water, ethanol, and chloroform) from several plants (spinach, dill, Onion Skin, <i>Pistacia eurycarpa</i>, sumac, digalkhasab chemri, and leelwi chemri). The alcoholic extract extracted by chemical method was purified and the content of total flavonoids based on quercetin in all plant extracts was determined using adsorption chromatography on a silica gel column (100-200 mesh), followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to assess the purity of quercetin. The ability of quercetin to capture free radicals using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was compared to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Statistical analyses were performed using completely randomized designs (CRD) for factorial experiments, and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to calculate the significant differences between the averages of the coefficients at the 0.05 probability level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The alcoholic <i>Pistacia</i> extract extracted by chemical method yielded the highest concentration of quercetin (84.037 mg/g). Furthermore, it was found that quercetin purified from <i>Pistacia</i> possessed strong antioxidant activity, and its antioxidant activity increased with increased concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Pistacia eurycarpa</i> showed the highest quercetin content among the assessed plants. Moreover, solvents played a major role in extracting plant components due to the high polarity of flavonoids. Quercetin purified using a silica gel column demonstrated antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"16 4","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}