Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Betaine and Soluble Fiber Improve Body Composition and Plasma Metabolites in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Eden Ephraim,&nbsp;Dennis E Jewell","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1502008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1502008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in cats and cachexia (loss of lean body mass) is a concern. A nutrition-based intervention was investigated in cats with CKD for its effects on body composition, the plasma metabolome, and possible implications on health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After a 4-week prefeed period with the control food, cats with CKD (N = 24) were randomized to one of six groups to consume a control food; a food supplemented with 0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS, test food 1); and a food supplemented with 0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS (test food 2) in a William's Latin Square design, each for 10 weeks. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements, and the plasma metabolome was characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite no significant differences in daily intake among the three foods, significant increases in total body mass, lean body mass, and lean plus bone mineral composition were observed when cats with CKD consumed test food 1 compared with the control food; numerical increases were seen with test food 2 versus the control food. Plasma metabolomics indicated increased one-carbon metabolism following consumption of test food 1 and/or 2, with significant increases in sarcosine and numerical increases in methionine. Lower levels of plasma trans-4-hydroxyproline and N-methylproline following consumption of test foods 1 and 2 indicates reduced collagen breakdown and perhaps reduced fibrosis. Several acylcarnitines and branched-chain fatty acids associated with CKD were also reduced when cats ate test food 1 or 2 versus the control food. Higher plasma levels of sphingomyelins with consumption of test food 1 or 2 may reflect less severe CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consumption of foods with supplemental betaine and fibers by cats with CKD led to improvements in body composition and changes in the plasma metabolome that correspond to better kidney health.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 2","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9694666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnologically Relevant Aspects of COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"Ryan J Batley,&nbsp;Shaneel Chandra","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1501007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several facets of human existence globally. To counter the spread of the virus, several vaccines have been developed and administered worldwide, using various technologies. Due to the need for the mRNA to be safely 'protected' until it can reach the host's cells, innovative transport, casing, stabilization and attachment mechanisms need to be harnessed to accompany the mRNA. Nanotechnology has featured in several such capacities. Therefore, our short review explores the role of nanomaterials in COVID vaccines, with a core focus on those based on mRNA. Often, the chemistry of these nanomaterials is critical to their success in these, and such important aspects are highlighted in our review. Towards the end, we have also discussed the various vaccine types.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Probiotics for Oral Candidiasis: State of the Art and Perspective. A Further Step Toward Personalized Medicine?","authors":"Maria Contaldo","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1501006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection conventionally treated with antifungal drugs. However, the increasing number of fungal infections, parallel to the rising conditions sustained by non-albicans species, pose critical issues related to escalating drug resistances differently acquired by different species. Meanwhile, the knowledge of the interplay between oral microbiota and its host suggests alternative antifungal therapies based on the administration of probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to the host, and literature reports consistent evidence for their use to treat gut diseases. The present work aimed to overview the primary mechanisms through which probiotics act against Candida species and the current status of knowledge on their use in clinical practice, particularly concerning oral candidiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is miR-223 Upregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases a Protective Response?","authors":"Jiezhong Chen,&nbsp;Luis Vitetta","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1501005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation and damage of colonocytes with etiology of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) has been found to be increased in both IBD patients and animal colitis models. However, contentious opinions relevant to the roles of miR-223 in IBD have been reported. Notwithstading that most studies have described that miR-223 has anti-inflammatory effects, several reports have progressed a pro-inflammatory view. In this review, we summarise both the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of miR-223 on key molecules in inflammatory responses in both animal models and in patients diagnosed with IBD and objectively discuss the possible basis for the discrepancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Blanca Alegría, Carlos Alfaro. Clinical grade adjuvants to mature CD141⁺ DCs for immunotherapy. Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition). 2022; 14: 2.","authors":"Blanca Alegría,&nbsp;Carlos Alfaro,&nbsp;Fbe Editorial Office","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1401002R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1401002R","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9221413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possibility of Deploying CO₂ from Biogas Combustion to Improve the Productivity of a Periodical <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Culture.","authors":"Marcin Zieliński,&nbsp;Joanna Kazimierowicz,&nbsp;Marcin Dębowski","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1501003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor to the global emissions of greenhouse gases, which necessitates the search for its fixation and utilization methods. Engaging photosynthesizing microorganisms for its biosequestration is one of the prospective technologies applied to this end. Considering the paucity of literature works on the possibilities of deploying CO2 from biogas combustion to intensify microalgae production, this research aimed to identify the feasibility of using this type of CO2 in <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> culture by evaluating biomass production yield and CO2 biosequestration effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experiment was performed in glass PBR, in which the culture medium occupied the volume of 1.0 dm3, and the gaseous phase occupied 0.3 dm3. The reactors were continuously illuminated by fluorescent lamps. The temperature of flue gases and air fed to reactors, and culture temperature was 20 °C ± 2 °C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of flue gases promoted a more rapid biomass growth, reaching 77.8 ± 3.1 mgVS/dm3⋅d, and produced a higher microalgae concentration, i.e., 780 ± 58 mgVS/dm3. Nevertheless, the flue gas-fed culture turned out to be highly sensitive, which was manifested in a decreased culture medium pH and relatively quickly achieved decay phase of the <i>C. vulgaris</i> population. The microalgae effectively assimilated CO2, reducing its concentration from 13 ± 1% to 1 ± 0.5% in the effluent from the photobioreactor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The flue gases were found not to affect the qualitative composition of the microalgal biomass. However, strict control and monitoring of microalgae biomass production is necessary, as well as rapid responses in flue gas-fed systems. This is an important hint for potential operators of such technological systems on the large scale. Regardless of the possibility of deploying microalgae to fix and utilize CO2, a justified avenue of research is to look for cheap sources of CO2-rich gases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9313445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Indigenous Non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> Yeast Strains with Potential Use in Winemaking.","authors":"David Castrillo,&nbsp;Pilar Blanco","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1501001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vineyard is a great reservoir of autochthonous yeast strains whose composition is defined by different regional (edaphology, orography or climatology) and anthropological factors (cultivation systems or cultural practices). Most of this yeast diversity corresponds to non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> strains, some of which have potential use in winemaking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The oenological potential of 29 different native non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> strains belonging to 4 species (<i>Lachancea thermotolerans</i>, <i>Torulaspora delbrueckii</i>, <i>Starmerella bacillaris</i> and <i>Metschnikowia</i> spp.) was evaluated, using the autochthonous <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> XG3 strain as a control. Microfermentations with pure culture of each strain were performed in duplicate and the basic parameters and major volatiles of wines were analysed following official methodology. The best strain within each species was selected using a quantification matrix including the relevant oenological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fermentative ability of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> was lower than <i>S. cerevisiae</i> in all cases, but with differences among species. <i>L. thermotolerans</i> and <i>T. delbrueckii</i> showed higher fermentation rates than <i>Starm. bacillaris</i>, whereas <i>Metschnikowia</i> spp. presented a low fermentative power. At chemical level all non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> strains reduced the alcoholic content, the higher alcohols and the volatile acidity of wines and increased the content of glycerol, with differences among strains within a given species. <i>T. delbrueckii</i> and <i>L. thermotolerans</i> increased the total acidity of wines. The latter and <i>Metschnikowia</i> spp. strains produced lactic acid, which decreased the wine pH in the case of <i>L. thermotolerans</i>. According to their oenological traits the best rated strains of each species were Lt93, Td315, Mf278 and Sb474. In addition, the data obtained in pure fermentations were correlated to those chemical and aromatic compounds obtained with these non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> strains in sequential fermentations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autochthonous strains of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast species contribute distinctive chemical characteristics to the wines. The correlations observed between wines fermented with the different non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> indigenous strains in pure and sequential fermentations suggest that their contribution to wine properties remains stable regardless of must composition or winemaking techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9313442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Glutamine Metabolism in Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Neil Bhowmick, Edwin Posadas, Leigh Ellis, Stephen J Freedland, Dolores Di Vizio, Michael R Freeman, Dan Theodorescu, Robert Figlin, Jun Gong","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1501002","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbe1501002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid important for cancer cell proliferation through intermediary metabolism leading to <i>de novo</i> synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, hexosamine biosytnehsis, fatty acid synthesis through reductive carboxylation, maintenance of redox homeostasis, glutathione synthesis, production of non-essential amino acids, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Prostate cancer has increasingly been characterized as a tumor type that is heavily dependent on glutamine for growth and survival. In this review, we highlight the preclinical evidence that supports a relationship between glutamine signaling and prostate cancer progression. We focus on the regulation of glutamine metabolism in prostate cancer through key pathways involving the androgen receptor pathway, <i>MYC</i>, and the PTEN/PI3K/mTOR pathway. We end with a discussion on considerations for translation of targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to manage prostate cancer. Here, it is important to understand that the tumor microenvironment also plays a role in facilitating glutamine signaling and resultant prostate cancer growth. The druggability of prostate cancer glutamine metabolism is more readily achievable with our greater understanding of tumor metabolism and the advent of selective glutaminase inhibitors that have proven safe and tolerable in early-phase clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"15 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9313443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Free or Immobilized <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> T571 on Feta-Type Cheese Microbiome.","authors":"Gregoria Mitropoulou,&nbsp;Ioanna Prapa,&nbsp;Anastasios Nikolaou,&nbsp;Konstantinos Tegopoulos,&nbsp;Theodora Tsirka,&nbsp;Nikos Chorianopoulos,&nbsp;Chrysoula Tassou,&nbsp;Petros Kolovos,&nbsp;Maria E Grigoriou,&nbsp;Yiannis Kourkoutas","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cheese microbiome plays a key role in determining the organoleptic and physico-chemical properties and may be also used as an authenticity tool for distinguishing probiotic cultures. Due to significant reduction of cell viability often witnessed during food production processes and storage, immobilization is proposed to ascertain high probiotic cell loads required to confer the potential health benefits. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of free or immobilized <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> T571 on whey protein on feta cheese microbiome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Next-Generation Sequencing technology was used to investigate cheese microbiome. Cheese samples containing free or immobilized <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> T571 (a wild type strain isolated from Feta cheese brine) on whey protein, along with products containing commercial starter culture, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a great diversity of bacteria and fungi genera among the samples. An increased presence of <i>Lactobacillus</i> OTUs in cheese with immobilized cells on whey protein was witnessed, highlighting the survival of the strain in the final product. The immobilized culture had also a significant impact on other genera, such as <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Leuconostoc</i> and <i>Debaryomyces</i>, which are associated with improved technological characteristics and health benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enrichment of feta cheese with immobilized potential probiotics to secure cell viability consists of an industrial challenge and leads to distinct microbiome composition that may be used as a valuable food authenticity tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10502317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-Implant Mucositis Treatment with a Chlorexidine Gel with A.D.S. 0.5%, PVP-VA and Sodium DNA vs a Placebo Gel: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial.","authors":"Felice Lorusso,&nbsp;Gianluca Tartaglia,&nbsp;Francesco Inchingolo,&nbsp;Antonio Scarano","doi":"10.31083/j.fbe1404030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbe1404030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peri-implant mucositis is a bacterial and inflammatory disease of implant surrounding soft tissues. Chlorhexidine (CHX) associated with PVP-VA (Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) has an adjuvant function in the antibacterial activity: it protects the film-forming layer, due to polymer, from microbial contamination or over-infection, and prolongs its permanence, without a direct action on the tissues and wounds. Sodium DNA is able to improve gingival trophism. The aim of the study was to compare a gel with CHX and antidiscoloration system (A.D.S.) 0.5% with the addition of PVP-VA and sodium DNA with a placebo gel without chlorexidine in peri-implant mucositis treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trial design: A single center randomized controlled pilot clinical trial was conducted on a total of 24 patients with mucositis, randomly allocated into two groups. In the group (A) (n = 12) patients were treated with a gel with CHX + A.D.S. 0.5% while a placebo gel was used in the group (B) (n = 12).</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Plaque Index (PI) (primary outcome), Bleeding on probing (BOP) and Gingival Index (GI) (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline and at 2 weeks after treatment period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean PI score recorded at baseline was 2.4 ± 0.4 [95% CI: -2.682/7.482] in the group (A) and 2.2 ± 0.5 [95% CI: -4.153/8.553] in the group (B) (<i>p</i> > 0.05) while mean PI score at 2 weeks was 0.5 ± 0.4 [95% CI: -4.582/5.582] and 1.7 ± 1.9 [95% CI: -9.736/13.14] in the group and in the group respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Mean BOP value at baseline was 57.1 ± 15.2% [95% CI: -136.0/250.2] in the group (A) and 55.3% ± 11.7% [95% CI: -93.36/204.0] (<i>p</i> > 0.05) while mean BOP value at 2 weeks follow-up was 14.3% ± 6.6% [95% CI: -69.56/98.16] (A) and 45.4% ± 9.8% [95% CI: -79.12/169.9] (B) respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant reduction in gingival inflammation indexes was found at 2 weeks in patients with peri-implant mucositis treated with a gel with CHX + A.D.S. 0.5% with the addition of PVP-VA and sodium DNA compared to those treated with a placebo gel.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>2019-004976-20.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"14 4","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10502315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}