Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Codon Usage Bias Analysis in Oral Cancer: Comprehensive Molecular and Evolutionary Insights.","authors":"Manal Abouelwafa, John J Georrge, Supriyo Chakraborty","doi":"10.31083/FBE49059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is represented as a major global health concern with few treatment options. Codon usage bias (CUB) is a non-random selection of synonymous codons. It offers information on gene expression patterns and molecular evolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined CUB patterns in 1328 differentially expressed genes (651 up-regulated, 677 down-regulated) from oral cancer tissues. Nucleotide composition analysis, effective number of codons (ENC), Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) analysis, neutrality plot analysis, and gene expression analysis were performed to assess codon usage patterns and their relationship to gene expression levels and pathway classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nucleotide composition analysis indicated a clear GC-rich tendency with base frequencies arranged as C > G > A > T for up-regulated genes and C > A > G > T for down-regulated genes. The average ENC values were 47.21 (up-regulated) and 49.08 (down-regulated), suggesting a low codon usage bias. RSCU analysis revealed 25 more frequently used (mean RSCU >1.0) and 34 less frequently used (mean RSCU <1.0) codons in up-regulated genes, while down-regulated genes had 30 more frequently used and 29 less frequently used codons. Neutrality plot analysis showed that both gene groups were predominantly shaped by selective constraints rather than mutational pressure (slopes of 0.202 and 0.228 for up- and down-regulated genes, respectively), though these slopes provide only indirect, qualitative evidence and should not be interpreted as exact quantitative contributions. Gene expression analysis revealed 1328 differentially expressed genes with functional enrichment in metabolic pathways and cellular components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These discoveries offer molecular insights into the genetic pathways that support oral cancer development. It implies that codon optimization could affect the translation efficiency of cancer-promoting genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Valentino Natoli, Deepti Shrivastava, Kumar Chandan Srivastava","doi":"10.31083/FBE41678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE41678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has gained increasing attention as a promising approach for the management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, providing innovative strategies for targeted drug delivery, antimicrobial action, and tissue regeneration. Nanostructured materials and nanocomposites have been developed to transport therapeutic agents directly to diseased sites, improving local therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Additionally, certain nanoparticles, such as silver, chitosan-, and titanium-based nanomaterials, exhibit potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby helping to control microbial colonization, disrupt biofilm development, and modulate host responses. Nanotechnology also enables the functionalization of dental and implant surfaces to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, two of the main factors associated with the onset and progression of these infections. Another important application is photodynamic therapy, in which nanoparticle-based delivery systems enhance the stability and targeted release of photosensitizers, allowing the selective destruction of pathogenic bacteria while causing minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Beyond its antimicrobial potential, nanotechnology has also demonstrated considerable promise in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration and improving implant surface bioactivity, highlighting its multifunctional role in contemporary periodontal therapy. Despite these promising advancements, several challenges remain. These include concerns regarding long-term safety, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and clinical translation, highlighting the need for well-designed clinical studies and extended follow-up before widespread implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"41678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight Into the Complex Dynamics of Diverse Endometrial Microbial Communities in Dairy Cows During the Transition Period: Normal Condition Versus Pathology.","authors":"Elena A Yildirim, Georgi Yu Laptev, Daria G Tiurina, Valentina A Filippova, Larisa A Ilina, Evgeni A Brazhnik, Natalia I Novikova, Kseniya A Sokolova, Ekaterina S Ponomareva, Vasiliy A Zaikin, Irina A Klyuchnikova, Elena A Korochkina, Vladislav N Bolshakov, Darren K Griffin, Michael N Romanov","doi":"10.31083/FBE46742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE46742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysbacteriosis of the reproductive tract is a risk factor for the development of postpartum endometritis in cows. Understanding the complex dynamics of diverse endometrial microbial communities in dairy cows during the transition period, when healthy and compared to with a pathology, is crucial for developing the appropriate measures to control postpartum endometritis depending on the livestock farming system used. The aim of this study was to analyse the endometrial microbiome changes in cows during the transition period in two separate experiments on an industrial (IF) and an organic farm, or eco-farm (EF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were taken on Days 20 (D-20) and 10 (D-10) before calving, at calving (D0), and on Days 3 (D+3), 5 (D+5) and 20 (D+20) postpartum. On IF, the samples were divided into three groups: healthy (IF1H), subclinical (IF2S) and purulent-catarrhal endometritis (IF3E) animals. To investigate the abundance of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and dynamics of endometrial microbiota composition, quantitative real-time PCR was used. The obtained macroecological time series data was additionally analyzed using the Hurst exponent approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group IF0, one of the total bacterial count peaks was observed on D0, reaching an average of 5.0 × 10⁶ DNA copies/mL, which was 100-fold higher than on D-20 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and 38.4-fold higher than on D-10 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Abundance of <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Sneathia</i> and <i>Leptotrichia</i> were 125 times higher in Group IF3E compared to Group IF1H. On IF, a high concentration of <i>Aspergillus</i> was also observed. On EF, these micromycetes were present only at the time of calving. Variability in the number of micromycetes <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. differed depending on the state of the reproductive system. The Hurst exponent-based analysis suggested a somewhat more persistent tendency in the short-time shifts observed in endometrial microbial communities in cows from EF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the transition period, the endometrial microbiome on both farms underwent macroecological changes associated with the state of reproductive health and temporal fluctuations in microbiota abundances. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for the prevention and treatment of postpartum endometritis in cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"46742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The BCG Vaccine: Pharmacological Biotechnology and Expanding Immunological Horizons.","authors":"Yibo Liu, Melodie Pepper, Christopher Khatchadourian, Luke Sanders, Jackson Lewis, Morgan Trapp, Vishwanath Venketaraman","doi":"10.31083/FBE49594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, developed from attenuated <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (<i>M. bovis</i>) and introduced in 1921, is the only licensed vaccine for TB prevention. Although BCG provides strong protection against morbid forms of pediatric TB, its efficacy against adult pulmonary TB is variable. Emerging evidence indicates that BCG exerts broader immunological effects beyond TB prevention, including non-specific immune protection mediated through trained immunity. BCG-induced trained immunity induces epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells which enhances host defense against heterologous pathogens. Advances in pharmacological biotechnology, including recombinant BCG platforms, genetic modification, and novel delivery systems, have demonstrated improved antigen presentation, durability of immune memory, and expanded clinical utility. Beyond TB, BCG remains a cornerstone immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and shows promising immunomodulatory potential in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. While adverse effects are generally mild, they tend to be more pronounced in immunocompromised individuals. This review examines the historical development, biotechnological production, immunological mechanisms, and expanding therapeutic applications of BCG. We synthesized findings on strain variability, manufacturing processes, and immune responses, highlighting the induction of T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immunity through interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), macrophage activation, and granuloma formation. Overall, BCG represents both a critical public health intervention and a model system for advancing immune-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicide-Induced Shifts in Soil Microbial Communities: Effects on Population Dynamics, Mechanistic Insights, and Ecosystem Function.","authors":"Siddhartha Das, Priyanka Paul, Jen-Tsung Chen, Sunita Meher","doi":"10.31083/FBE43532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE43532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbicides are commonly used in agricultural practices to control weeds and significantly impact soil microbial communities, which are essential for maintaining soil health and ecosystem functions. Herbicides are the most widely used class of pesticides globally, yet they also have detrimental effects, while the rising cost of agricultural labor has recently driven a significant increase in herbicide use. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), three million cases of pesticide poisoning were reported. Certain herbicides may inhibit or promote specific microbial taxa, thereby altering community composition and functionality. These alterations can disrupt crucial soil processes, including nutrient cycling, organic matter degradation, and plant-microbe interactions, potentially diminishing soil fertility and increasing vulnerability to pathogen invasions. Moreover, the duration and intensity of microbial responses are influenced by the persistence and bioavailability of herbicides in the soil, which can differ based on soil characteristics, climatic factors, and the patterns of herbicide application. This review emphasizes recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive microbial responses to herbicides, including modifications in gene expression, enzyme activity, and adaptive stress responses. Pre- and post-emergence herbicides alter soil microbial communities, reducing beneficial microbes, disrupting plant-microbe interactions, and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility. However, the effects vary with herbicide type, soil properties, and environmental conditions. Thus, promoting alternative weed management and monitoring microbial responses can help maintain soil biodiversity and support sustainable agriculture. Moreover, by investigating both the immediate and long-term effects on microbial communities and ecosystem functioning, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of herbicide use on soil ecology and sustainability. This review is a concise draft on the mechanistic basis of herbicide effects on microbial population dynamics, focusing on how various herbicide classes affect microbial diversity, community structure, and metabolic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"43532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Degradation and Advanced Methods for Microplastic Removal.","authors":"Nivetha Murugesan, Sona Elizabeth Jacob, Shayna Srivastava, Jayani Sunilraj, Sunantha Ganesan","doi":"10.31083/FBE38975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE38975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a global environmental crisis, adversely affecting ecosystems, aquatic life, and human health. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach that combines physical, chemical, and biological strategies. Physical methods, such as filtration and sedimentation, offer straightforward solutions but are often inefficient at removing small-sized MPs. Chemical approaches, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and photodegradation, enable the breakdown of MPs into smaller, less toxic fragments; however, the associated high energy requirements and potential for secondary pollution remain significant limitations. Biological methods, particularly enzymatic degradation, offer an eco-friendly solution by converting MPs into biodegradable monomers, although further optimization is needed for large-scale implementation. This review focuses on advanced technologies for MP mitigation, particularly the synergistic integration of physical, chemical, and biological strategies. Among these, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a groundbreaking solution due to the associated high surface area, tunable porosity, and chemical functionality, which together enable selective adsorption and capture of MPs from complex water matrices. By addressing the limitations of existing methods, this integrated approach improves the efficiency and sustainability of MP removal, thereby contributing to global environmental restoration and advancing remediation technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"38975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Lactic Acid Production From Soybean Waste Using a Xylose-Fermenting <i>Lactiplantibacillus pentosus</i> Strain.","authors":"Daehwan Kim, Erica Correll, Elisha Kabongo, Sinyeon Kim","doi":"10.31083/FBE49846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high carbohydrate content of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions in agricultural crops, along with their by-products and derivative residues (e.g., soybean straw, hulls, sugarcane bagasse, and corn stover), offers a promising resource for biorefinery industries. These lignocellulosic materials, generated during harvesting and mechanical processing, support large-scale biological production of renewable energy, sustainable chemicals, and alternative food sources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated lactic acid fermentation of liquid hydrolysates from soybean straw hydrothermally pretreated with either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and assessed the impact on cellulolytic enzyme activity and subsequent sugar release. Soybean straw (10% w/v, dry weight basis) was subjected to moderate-severity hydrothermal pretreatment at 121 °C for 60 min in the presence of either 1% (v/v) NaOH or H₂O₂ as representative dilute chemical benchmarks. The resulting pretreated solids were enzymatically hydrolyzed using a cellulolytic enzyme mixture at a loading rate of 50 mg enzyme protein/g cellulose (equivalent to 90 IU/g glucan) at 50 °C for 72 h under shaking incubation at 150 rpm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that both NaOH and H₂O₂ pretreatments effectively disrupted the surface morphology and biomass structure of the soybean straw, increasing surface roughness and exposure of reactive sites, thereby enhancing enzymatic accessibility and improving the conversion of glucan and xylan to glucose and xylose, respectively. NaOH pretreatment achieved hydrolysis yields of 66.8% for cellulose and 45.7% for hemicellulose, whereas H₂O₂-treated samples yielded only 52.3% (cellulose) and 38.1% (hemicellulose). In comparison, the untreated control yielded only 21.6% cellulose and 16.4% hemicellulose conversion. A positive control using Solka-Floc (a lignin-free cellulose powder) yielded 83.5% glucose and 62.6% xylose conversion. Subsequent lactic acid fermentation of the NaOH-pretreated hydrolysates using a xylose-co-fermenting <i>Lactiplantibacillus pentosus</i> strain produced L-lactic acid at 80.5% of the theoretical yield (12.72 g/L), with productivity of 0.35 g/L/h and a yield of 0.2544 g LA/g of NaOH-pretreated straw solids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that NaOH pretreatment is more effective than H₂O₂ in enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of soybean straw. Moreover, the resulting hydrolysates can be efficiently converted into L-lactic acid using a <i>Lactiplantibacillus pentosus</i> strain capable of co-fermenting xylose, supporting the feasibility of this integrated process for value-added bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Interaction With Younger Females Extends Lifespan in Aged Male <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Independent of Vitamin C.","authors":"Aisyah Aisyah, Elly Wahyudin, Fifi Dismayanti Indriani Nainu, Nadila Pratiwi Latada, Reti Dayanti, Asbah Asbah, Widya Hardiyanti, Mukarram Mudjahid, Habibie Habibie, Yusnita Rifai, Firzan Nainu","doi":"10.31083/FBE49064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is a multifactorial process shaped by environmental, social, and nutritional influences that collectively drive molecular and physiological decline. The fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is a well-established model for aging research due to its short lifespan and the conservation of key regulatory pathways across species. While many interventions target single mechanisms, the combined effects of nutritional antioxidants, such as vitamin C, and social interactions on stress responses, lifespan, and functional aging remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of social interaction and vitamin C supplementation on aging male fruit flies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>D. melanogaster Oregon R(R)</i> strain was used, with 14-day-old males designated as aged flies and 1-3-day-old females as young flies. This sex-specific design accounted for established differences in lifespan and reproductive biology between males and females. Co-housed groups were maintained on a standard diet with or without vitamin C supplementation at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM. Lifespan, endurance, and locomotor performance were assessed in aged males. In parallel, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses were conducted to examine gene expression across functional categories, including stress response, antioxidant defense, metabolism, and neurotransmitter-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-housing with young females significantly extended the lifespan of aged males, whereas the addition of vitamin C did not confer further benefit. Notably, vitamin C supplementation reduced endurance at certain concentrations, while locomotor activity remained unaffected. Gene expression analyses indicated that the observed lifespan extension was primarily associated with the co-housing condition, characterized by modulation of stress-response pathways and increased expression of <i>ddc</i>, a gene encoding dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase involved in dopamine and serotonin biosynthesis. In contrast, genes related to antioxidant defense and metabolism showed minimal changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social interaction with younger individuals extends lifespan in aged male <i>D. melanogaster</i> independent of vitamin C supplementation. These findings suggest may exert a longevity-promoting effect that is not replicated by antioxidant intervention and may involve adaptive, non-antioxidant pathways potentially linked to neurotransmitter-related mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lebanese <i>Trifolium purpureum</i>: An Effective Source to Fight <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Associated Biofilms.","authors":"Faten Merhi, Rana Barakat, Neressa Badr, Nour Akil, Zahraa Allow, Zeinab Ezzeddine, Ali Chokr","doi":"10.31083/FBE49679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of <i>Trifolium purpureum</i> against <i>Escherichia coli</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>T. purpureum</i> Loisel. was collected from the mountains of western Lebanon. The plant parts were then extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol and water. The plant fractions were screened for secondary metabolite classes. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antibiofilm activity was assessed using a colorimetric method, and the effects of <i>T. purpureum</i> extracts on the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation in <i>E. coli</i> were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coumarins, tannins, volatile oils, and phenols were absent in <i>T. purpureum</i>; resins were detected only in the flowers, alkaloids were detected in all plant parts except the stems, and saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids were found in all plant parts. Regarding antibacterial activity, although all extracts had measurable MIC values, only the whole-plant water extract exhibited a bactericidal effect. Furthermore, the water and ethanol extracts exhibited variable biofilm-prevention activity, with minimum biofilm prevention concentration (MBPC) values ranging from 30 to 68.9 mg/mL. Biofilm eradication activity also varied, with minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values ranging from 0.13 to 49.65 mg/mL corresponding to 47.3-66.8% eradication. Finally, the whole-plant water extract suppressed the expression of <i>fimA</i>, <i>fimH</i>, and <i>flu</i> in both planktonic cells and cells within established <i>E. coli</i> biofilms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that <i>T. purpureum</i> is rich in secondary metabolites and has notable antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against <i>E. coli</i>, especially at the molecular level. These findings suggest that <i>T. purpureum</i> may be a promising candidate for use as an alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased mtDNA Polymorphism Level and Defective Mitophagy are Associated With Proinflammatory Activation in THP-1-Based Cybrids.","authors":"Alexander D Zhuravlev, Nikita G Nikiforov, Svetlana S Verkhova, Yegor E Yegorov, Andrey V Omelchenko, Daria D Borodko, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Vasily V Sinyov, Yegor S Chegodaev, Daiana B Erdyneeva, Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.31083/FBE49053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE49053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondria play a key role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. It is well established that mitochondria contain their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which displays a substantially higher frequency of polymorphisms compared to the nuclear genome. To maintain mitochondrial functionality, cells employ a quality control mechanism known as mitophagy, which ensures the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial polymorphisms, the efficiency of dysfunctional mitochondria clearance, and proinflammatory activation of inflammatory cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used cybrids derived from the THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) that differed in their mitochondrial genome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the levels of secreted proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)), cybrids were divided into two groups: one exhibiting a low and the other a high proinflammatory response. mtDNA sequencing revealed a higher number of polymorphisms in the high proinflammatory response group. Transcriptome analysis showed that signaling pathways associated with mitophagy were downregulated in cells with a high proinflammatory response. Functional assays confirmed that mitophagy was impaired in this group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased proinflammatory activity in cybrids correlated with a greater number of mtDNA polymorphisms and with impaired mitophagy. These observations point to an association between mitochondrial genomic variation, reduced mitochondrial quality control, and heightened proinflammatory activation of inflammatory cells. However, the data are associative and do not establish causality. Further mechanistic studies are required to determine whether and how mtDNA polymorphisms and defective mitophagy directly contribute to proinflammatory activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"18 3","pages":"49053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}