Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)最新文献

{"title":"Biocatalysis in Transforming Biofuel Technologies.","authors":"Gautam Kumar Meghwanshi, Swati Verma, Rajaram Choyal, Abhishek Vashishtha, Nhung Thi Trang Trinh, Rajender Kumar","doi":"10.31083/FBE37729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE37729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the importance of biocatalysis in bioenergy has been noted, with policymakers and regulatory authorities intervening at the technological level to establish more efficient, varied, and vast-scale exploitations of biocatalysis. These approaches leverage natural catalysts, primarily enzymes, to facilitate the breakdown of larger organic compounds into simpler molecules, which can be further biochemically transformed into biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas, using improved versions of metabolic enzymes. Advances in enzyme engineering have significantly enhanced the stability, specificity, and activity of key enzymes involved in biofuel synthesis, such as cellulases, oxidoreductases, xylanases, glucose isomerases, butanol dehydrogenase, acetoacetate decarboxylase, ferredoxin oxidoreductases, etc. Further, synthetic biological approaches have allowed the construction of microbial cell factories with restructured integrated biocatalytic pathways, capable of converting the raw biomass directly into biofuels. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, such as the cost of enzymes, their robustness, and the scalability of their production and biotransformation processes. Ongoing research is focused on overcoming these hurdles through innovative biocatalyst design, metabolic engineering, <i>in silico</i> modeling, and optimization. However, changes in government policies and reduced regulatory frameworks are expected to leverage biofuel production and competitiveness with fossil fuels and gradually replace them completely. This review highlights the recent advances in the field of biocatalysis related to the production of biofuels. This review also discusses the current challenges, sustainability, promotional initiatives performed at the government level, and future directions in the field of biofuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 2","pages":"37729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics of Two Novel <i>Bacillus</i> Strains: Microbiomic Insights into the Sequences, Metabolomics, and Potential Safe Use in the Creation of Biopreparations.","authors":"Valentina A Filippova, Georgi Yu Laptev, Larisa A Ilina, Elena A Yildirim, Ekaterina S Ponomareva, Evgeni A Brazhnik, Natalia I Novikova, Daria G Tiurina, Andrei V Dubrovin, Alisa S Dubrovina, Kseniya A Sokolova, Irina A Klyuchnikova, Vasiliy A Zaikin, Darren K Griffin, Michael N Romanov","doi":"10.31083/FBE28227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE28227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Bacillus</i> bacteria are often used in the production of biopreparations. Moreover, these bacteria can be used in agriculture as probiotics or starters for manufacturing fodder preserved by fermentation (silage). The ability of <i>Bacillus</i> bacteria to produce many biologically active molecules and metabolites with antimicrobial activity means that these bacteria can stimulate plant growth and restore the balance of the microbiome in the digestive system of certain animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using molecular biological analysis, bioinformatic annotation, and metabolic profiling of whole genome sequences, we analyzed two promising candidates for creating biopreparations, i.e., two <i>Bacillus</i> strains, namely <i>B. mucilaginosus</i> 159 and <i>B. subtilis</i> 111. We compared the genomes of these two strains and characterized both their microbiomic and metabolomic features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that both strains lacked elements contributing to the formation of toxic and virulent properties; however, both exhibited potential in the biosynthesis of B vitamins and siderophores. Additionally, these strains could synthesize many antimicrobial substances of different natures and spectrums of action. <i>B. mucilaginosus</i> 159 could synthesize macrolactin H (an antibiotic from the polyketide group), mersacidin (a class II lanthipeptide), and bacilysin. Meanwhile, <i>B. subtilis</i> 111 could synthesize andalusicin (a class III lanthipeptide), bacilysin, macrolactin H, difficidin, bacillaene (a polyene antibiotic), fengycin (a lipopeptide with antifungal activity), and surfactin (another lipopeptide). Further, a unique pathway of intracellular synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine was identified in <i>B. subtilis</i> 111, with the participation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BetB); this is not widely represented in bacteria of the genus <i>Bacillus</i>. These compounds can increase osmotic stability, which may be key for manufacturing biological starters for silage preparation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These two <i>Bacillus</i> strains are safe for use as probiotic microorganisms or starters in producing preserved fodder. However, <i>B. subtilis</i> 111 may be preferable due to a wider spectrum of synthesized antimicrobial substances and vitamins. Our findings exemplify using genomic technologies to describe the microbiomic and metabolomic characteristics of significant bacterial groups such as <i>Bacillus</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 2","pages":"28227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Management of Chicken Waste: Exploring Conversion Technologies for Environmental Benefits.","authors":"Muthulakshmi Pandi Hemavarshini, Subramanium Thiyageshwari, Duraisamy Selvi, Rangasamy Anandham, Maruthamuthu Thirunavukkarasu, Karuppusamy Sivasubramanian, Dheebakaran Jegadeeswari","doi":"10.31083/FBE25930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE25930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The notable increase in chicken waste resulting from the rapid expansion of the chicken industry represents a major concern and danger to public health and the environment. Therefore, this varied waste stream in the chicken industry, including bedding materials, dung, feathers, and mortalities, requires efficient management techniques. Improper chicken waste disposal can lead to nutrient leakage and water and soil contamination, which can cause eutrophication and aid in spreading harmful bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i>. Moreover, untreated waste exacerbates climate change by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, in response to these challenges, this review analyses many treatment techniques that might convert this complicated waste stream into a useful resource to support environmental sustainability in the chicken industry and enhance soil health. Furthermore, this study evaluates gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and composting as viable methods to reduce pollution from chicken waste while producing useful byproducts. Anaerobic digestion uses bacteria to produce biogas, a sustainable energy source; pyrolysis produces biochar and bio-oil; composting converts waste into fertilizer; gasification produces syngas for fertilizer production. However, choosing the most efficient treatment approach necessitates thoroughly assessing waste properties, intended end products, and economic factors. This review aims to expand the understanding of these treatment procedures and their related advantages to assist in developing sustainable and effective strategies for dealing with chicken waste. These strategies, which prioritize value development, environmental preservation, and public health, have the potential to pave the way for a more responsible and sustainable future for the chicken industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 2","pages":"25930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus megaterium</i> B-4801 Strain Efficiency in Growing Cereal Crops in Conditions Representative of Russia's Non-Chernozem Zone.","authors":"Andrey V Platonov, Irina I Rassokhina, Lyubov V Sukhareva, Larisa A Ilina, Evgeniy A Brazhnik, Georgiy Yu Laptev","doi":"10.31083/FBE33458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE33458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates the possibility of using the experimental preparation \"Naturost-M\" based on the <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> B-4801 strain in crop production in conditions representative of Russia's non-Chernozem zone. The research objectives included whole genome sequencing of the B-4801 strain to determine its biotechnological potential and to study the effect of the preparation on the growth and grain productivity of several cereal crops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole genome sequencing of the <i>B. megaterium</i> B-4801 strain was performed at the Biotroph molecular genetic laboratory using the MiSeq platform (Illumina, Inc.). We conducted studies using cereal crops (barley, oats, and wheat) during the 2019-2022 growing seasons at the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences experimental field. The preparation \"Naturost-M\" was applied twice: soaking seeds and spraying the phyllosphere of plants in the tillering phase. The raw and dry weights of experimental and control plants were measured in the tillering and earing phases during the growing season. We evaluated grain productivity at the end of the growing season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole genome sequencing of the <i>B. megaterium</i> B-4801 strain revealed the main components of antimicrobial compound biosynthesis pathways, including a cluster of genes responsible for synthesizing enzymes for forming aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acids containing 3-18 carbon atoms. Our research identified genetic loci encoding the synthesis of bacteriocins such as canosamine and polyketide ansamycin bacteriocins. The genome of the studied strain included clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as siderophores and lantipeptides, as well as a whole range of genes responsible for various adaptation mechanisms of the strain to environmental conditions. Treatment of cereal crops with the experimental preparation \"Naturost-M\" contributed to an increase in growth parameters: raw weight was increased to 67% compared to the control, dry weight was up to 79% (depending on the year of study, phase of ontogenesis and culture), which occurred against the background of an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments. Grain productivity grew in barley by 7-46%, oats by 12-31%, and wheat by 5-11% under conditions of small-plot experiments when using the preparation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The <i>B. megaterium</i> B-4801 strain has a certain biotechnological potential for crop production practice; experimental preparation created on its basis showed a stimulating effect on the growth and productivity of grain crops in conditions representative of Russia's non-Chernozem zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 2","pages":"33458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Invasion of the Oral Cavity: A Review of Viral Impact on Oral Health and the Potential Use of Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool.","authors":"Senthilraj Rajapandi, Evelyn Sharon Sukumaran, Keerthanashree Reddy Napa Prasad, Anushya Vardhini Venkatesan, Tamil Azhagan Shanmugavel Ravichandran, Sarvesh Sabarathinam","doi":"10.31083/FBE33494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/FBE33494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem that harbors a diverse microbial community. Viral infections can significantly disrupt this delicate balance, leading to various oral health issues. This review delves into the intricate relationship between viruses and oral health, exploring the impact of both RNA and DNA viruses. We discuss the mechanisms through which these viruses influence the oral microbiome, modulate immune responses, and contribute to various oral diseases, including periodontal disease, oral candidiasis, and oral cancer. Additionally, we highlight the potential of saliva as a valuable diagnostic tool for viral infections and oral health assessment. By understanding the viral-oral health nexus, we can develop effective strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted interventions to improve oral health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 2","pages":"33494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Medicago sativa</i> L. Root Exudation of Phenolic Compounds and Effect of Flavonoids on Phenanthrene Degradation by Two Rhizobacteria.","authors":"Dmitry Kuzyanov, Leonid Panchenko, Natalia Pozdnyakova, Anna Muratova","doi":"10.31083/FBE25779","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE25779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-microbial degradation of organic pollutants occurs in the rhizosphere under the influence of plant root exudates. Similarities in chemical structure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds and flavonoids released with exudates can determine the ability of rhizosphere microorganisms to degrade hazardous aromatic pollutants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we analyzed phenolic compounds in the root exudates of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) grown in quartz sand uncontaminated and phenanthrene-contaminated quartz sand, a model PAH pollutant, under axenic conditions. The effect of six flavonoids (naringenin, rutin, morin, quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin) on phenanthrene degradation by two PAH-degrading bacteria, <i>Ensifer meliloti</i> P221 and <i>Mycolicibacterium gilvum</i> PAM1, previously isolated from the rhizosphere of alfalfa was also investigated. Ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to assay flavonoid and phenanthrene content in cultivation media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the root-exuded phenolic compounds changed under the influence of phenanthrene. The impact of the flavonoids on PAH biodegradation varied from neutral or even inhibitory to stimulatory. The same flavonoid (quercetin) had opposite effects on the growth of the two bacteria and on phenanthrene degradation. The effect of the flavonoids on bacterial growth did not depend on the presence of PAHs. Using naringenin as an example, we showed that increased PAH degradations could not accompany bacterial growth promotion by any flavonoid. Except for rutin, all flavonoids were subject to bacterial degradation. Inoculation of alfalfa with the competent rhizobacterium <i>Ensifer meliloti</i> increased the contents phenolic compounds in the plant root exudate, promoted qualitative changes in their profile, and increased the rhizodegradation of phenanthrene from 6% and 22% to 57% and 34% at initial phenanthrene concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest a the role for plant flavonoids in the rhizome-mediated degradation of PAHs. The microbe-induced qualitative and quantitative changes in root exudation illustrate the induction of PAH-mediated catabolic activity in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"25779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Postbiotic-Based Orodispersible Film to Prevent Dysbiosis in the Oral Cavity.","authors":"Mariana B Rebelo, Cláudia S Oliveira, Freni K Tavaria","doi":"10.31083/FBE26987","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE26987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral diseases affect over three billion peopleand are among the most commonly observed infections worldwide. Recent studies have shown that controlling the ecology of the oralome is more effective in reducing the risk of caries than the complete removal of both harmful and beneficial microorganisms. This work aimed to develop a strategy for preventing dysbiosis in the oral cavity by applying a postbiotic-based orodispersible film.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> 226V and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> L26 were cultured in De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) broth for 48 hours, followed by centrifugation and filtration. Then, the resultant postbiotics were then subjected to various dilutions (10% (v/v), 20% (v/v), 40% (v/v), 60% (v/v) and 100% (v/v)) and co-incubated with <i>Streptococcus mutans.</i> Antimicrobial efficacy, minimal inhibitory concentration, the time required to inhibit <i>S. mutans</i> growth, and antibiofilm properties of the postbiotics were assessed. Subsequently, an orodispersible film comprising polymers and plasticizers, namely Xanthan gum, maltodextrin, and glycerol, was developed as a vehicle for postbiotic delivery. Formulation optimization, physical property evaluation, and cytotoxicity against the TR146 human oral cell line (TR146 cell line) were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postbiotics demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against <i>S. mutans</i> following 24-hour co-incubation. The minimal inhibitory concentration for combined postbiotics administration was 20% (v/v). Remarkably, 79.6 ± 8.15% inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved using 100% (v/v) of the postbiotic derived from <i>L. plantarum</i> 226V. Incorporating postbiotics did not compromise the dissolution time of orodispersible films, all exceeding 20 minutes. Furthermore, solubility improved following postbiotic addition, facilitating ease of handling. Importantly, postbiotic-impregnated orodispersible films were non-cytotoxic when exposed to the TR146 cell line.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the potential of orodispersible films loaded with postbiotics as a promising potential intervention for oral dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"26987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms to Multifactorial Global Changes in Soil Ecosystems.","authors":"Marina Sidorenko","doi":"10.31083/FBE23082","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE23082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change affects life on Earth. Meanwhile, microorganisms (unlike plants and animals) are usually not considered when studying climate change, particularly due to the impact of climatic fluctuation on them. A substantial variety of microbes and their responses to changing environmental conditions make determining their role in the ecosystem functioning very difficult. Nevertheless, microorganisms support the existence of all life forms on the planet. It is also important to know how microorganisms affect climate change and how this subsequently then affects microorganisms. Previous research demonstrates the leading role and importance of microorganisms in studying the biological aspects of climate change. Thus, this paper aimed to examine the correlation between nitrogen cycle microorganisms and climate change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The nitrogen cycle microorganism (NCM) soil formed the primary research object, which, simultaneously, is not associative microflora and belongs to the following groups: amino heterotrophs using organic forms of nitrogen, aminoautotrophs using mineral forms of nitrogen, and diazotrophs fixing nitrogen in the air. The response of NCMs in simultaneously increasing atmospheric CO₂, precipitation, temperature, and nitrogen in an artificially created agricultural soil ecosystem was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NCM number and their structure responded to these simulated changes. The increased volume of nitrogen significantly changed the NCM structure, which depends on temperature and precipitation. The dominance of NCMs was noted when the temperature and precipitation remained unchanged. However, the number of microorganisms consuming mineral forms of nitrogen increased following a rise in temperature and a reduction in precipitation. Further, the proportion of microorganisms consuming organic forms of nitrogen increased following a decrease in temperature and increased precipitation. Total NCMs reduced significantly when the CO2 increased; this decrease was most pronounced with increased precipitation. Changes in the group composition of the community are associated with an increase in the nitrification process, with no changes in total NCMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results illustrate that the ever-increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has a direct impact on both Earth's climate and alters the composition and activity of microbial populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"23082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Binding Affinity of Nitrosylcobalamin to Intrinsic Factor as a Predictive Model for Cobalamin Binding Protein Interactions: A Comparative Study with Hydroxocobalamin.","authors":"Annette M Sysel, Joseph A Bauer","doi":"10.31083/FBE26810","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE26810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrinsic factor (IF) is a glycoprotein crucial for cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) absorption in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the binding affinity of nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a cobalamin analog, to recombinant human IF derived from plants, using hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) as a comparative standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed to assess the kinetic parameters of NO-Cbl and OH-Cbl interactions with plant- derived IF across various concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SPR analysis demonstrated that NO-Cbl and OH-Cbl exhibited high binding affinities to IF, with equilibrium dissociation constant (<i>K</i>_D) values in the picomolar range. OH-Cbl showed a slightly stronger binding affinity (<i>K</i>_D = 4.79 × 10^-11 M) than NO-Cbl (<i>K</i>_D = 8.58 × 10^-11 M). Despite NO-Cbl and OH-Cbl both being bound to IF, differences in binding affinity and stability were observed, particularly at higher concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Variations in IF binding between NO-Cbl and OH-Cbl may be attributed to the saturation of binding sites or recognition issues specific to plant-derived IF. This study underscores the potential of NO-Cbl as a targeted therapeutic agent capable of leveraging natural cobalamin uptake pathways. These results also highlight the suitability of using recombinant plant-derived IF as a model for predicting the biological activity of cobalamin analogs despite the nuanced differences from native human IF.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"26810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel Dressings as Insulin Delivery Systems for Diabetic Wounds.","authors":"Agnieszka Kłapcia, Patrycja Domalik-Pyzik","doi":"10.31083/FBE26446","DOIUrl":"10.31083/FBE26446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wounds are one of the most common and challenging complications of diabetes. Similar to chronic wounds, diabetic wounds are difficult to treat due to prolonged inflammation, a lack of angiogenesis, abnormal differentiation of new scar tissue, and the occurrence of numerous bacterial infections. Moreover, elevated sugar levels in tissues disrupt the healing process by enhancing inflammatory reactions, disrupting signaling pathways, and leading to the production of abnormal biological structures, which contribute to improper cell differentiation. Traditional dressings, such as bandages, gauze, and semi-occlusive foams, are inadequate for diabetic wounds with high exudation; moreover, frequently changing the dressing can cause secondary irritation. Hence, innovative hydrogel dressings are being developed, which, thanks to their soft polymer matrix, provide an ideal substrate for regenerating tissue. Hydrogels also allow for the introduction and controlled release of growth factors, making them a promising solution for treating diabetic wounds. Recently, researchers have focused on insulin, a hormone secreted by the human body to lower blood sugar levels, due to its interesting characteristics, such as supporting anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic processes and stimulating cell migration and proper proliferation. This review discusses the most important aspects of diabetes and diabetic wounds and traditional and innovative treatment methods, particularly hydrogel dressings used as systems for insulin delivery in response to glucose concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73068,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)","volume":"17 1","pages":"26446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}