Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)最新文献

{"title":"Basic Principles for Setting MRLs for Pesticides in Food Commodities in Japan.","authors":"Hiroshi Akiyama, Yusuke Iwasaki, Rie Ito","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Committee on Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs of the Food Sanitation Council under the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council set the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for residual pesticides, veterinary drugs, and feed additives in food commodities according to the basic principles for establishing MRLs for pesticides in food commodities in Japan. The basic principles consist of the following seven concepts: 1. Outline of setting Japanese MRLs for pesticide residue in food commodities; 2. Preparation of draft MRLs for pesticides in livestock commodities; 3. Preparation of draft MRLs for pesticides in fish and shellfish; 4. Technical guideline for setting MRLs for pesticides, etc., in honey; 5. Methods of setting standards for chemical substances used as pesticides in the past that are now detected as contaminants; 6. Concept of setting MRLs for pesticides at an extremely low level; and 7. Commodity groups and representative commodities regarding MRLs based on international harmonization. The present paper introduces and explains the basic principles for establishing MRLs for pesticides, veterinary drugs, and feed additives in food commodities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 2","pages":"34-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11257684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Phenotypes of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in Japanese Broiler Flocks.","authors":"Yoshika Momose, Yoshimasa Sasaki, Kenzo Yonemitsu, Makoto Kuroda, Tetsuya Ikeda, Masashi Uema, Yoko Furuya, Hajime Toyofuku, Shizunobu Igimi, Tetsuo Asai","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00001","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> infections represent a leading cause of foodborne illnesses; resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs), which are a first-choice antimicrobial for treating human <i>Salmonella</i> enteritis, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Because the consumption of undercooked chicken meat products is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in Japan, we conducted three surveys at different periods between 2017 and 2022, with the cooperation of four abattoirs (two in Eastern and two in Western Japan). The first survey was conducted at abattoir A, which is located in Eastern Japan. <i>Salmonella</i> was detected in 84.4% of broiler flocks tested (27/32); among them, all the TGC-resistant isolates obtained from one farm (farm FA) were identified as <i>S.</i> Infantis. <i>Salmonella</i> was recovered from 62.5% of breast meat samples (20/32), with one case suggesting cross-contamination. The second survey was conducted at three other abattoirs to examine the prevalence of TGC-resistant <i>Salmonella</i>, in both Western (abattoirs B and C) and Eastern (abattoir D) Japan. <i>Salmonella</i> was detected in 90.6% of broiler flocks examined (29/32). TGC-resistant <i>S.</i> Infantis was isolated from 2 flocks until 2018 and not thereafter. Subsequently, isolates were identified as TGC-susceptible <i>S.</i> Schwarzengrund in both regions. The third survey was performed at abattoir A to elucidate whether there were changes in the phenotypes. Of the 11 broiler flocks introduced from farm FA, 10 were positive for <i>Salmonella</i> (90.9%); all the isolates were <i>S.</i> Schwarzengrund susceptible to TGC. This study shows that TGC-susceptible <i>S.</i> Schwarzengrund has replaced the resistant phenotypes among broiler flocks in both Eastern and Western Japan. Although chicken meat products could be cross-contaminated with <i>Salmonella</i> during the slaughtering process, reducing the prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> in broiler flocks remains important to decrease <i>Salmonella</i> enteritis in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 2","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11257683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Retraction Notice.","authors":"Yasushi Yamazoe","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00006.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Retraction Notice.","authors":"Yasushi Yamazoe","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00004","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00006.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Commemorative Ceremony and Symposium for the 20^th Anniversary of Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.","authors":"Shigeki Yamamoto, Satoshi Asano, Toru Kawanishi, Masako Waki","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00005","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (FSCJ) was established in 2003 and marked its 20^th anniversary in 2023. FSCJ held a commemorative ceremony and symposium to celebrate its 20^th anniversary at Mita conference hall (Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo) on September 1st, 2023, which attracted a total of 164 on-site attendees including six media companies, as well as 460 online viewers. FSCJ Chairperson Dr. YAMAMOTO gave a summary of each session; Session 1 outlined the various future challenges against which risk assessment organizations must prepare. In Session 2, panelists shared information on the development of new evaluation methodologies and international collaborations in order to meet various global demands and issues. In Session 3, the FSCJ introduced its future initiatives and called for international collaboration in sharing information and expertise to address data gaps and emerging issues, to which all panelists expressed their support. The importance of personnel development to tackle these challenges was also raised. In concluding the seminar, Dr. YAMAMOTO expressed that the common understanding gained from this occasion was the most fruitful achievement, owing to the international colleagues who shared their thought-provoking presentations and insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuous Translocation of a Luciferase Protein beyond Graft Junction in Tobacco.","authors":"Taira Miyahara, Hitomi Ohkubo, Yukiko Umeyama, Taichi Oguchi, Takumi Ogawa, Daisaku Ohta, Tomofumi Mochizuki, Hiroaki Kodama","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00010","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgrafting, a grafting technique that uses both genetically modified (GM) and non-GM plants, is a novel plant breeding technology that can be used to improve the efficiency of crop cultivation without introducing foreign genes into the edible parts of non-GM plants. This technique can facilitate the acquisition of disease resistance and/or increased yield. However, the translocation of low-molecular-weight compounds, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and proteins through graft junctions raises a potential safety risk for food crops. Here, we used a transgenic tobacco plant expressing a firefly luciferase gene (<i>LUC</i>) to examine the translocation of the LUC protein beyond the graft junction in grafted plants. We observed the bi-directional translocation of LUC proteins in transgrafted tobacco plants, i.e., from the rootstock to scion and vice versa. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that transcripts of the LUC gene were undetectable in non-GM plant bodies, indicating that the LUC protein itself was translocated. Moreover, the movement of the LUC protein is an episodic (i.e., non-continuous) event, since non-GM samples showing high LUC activity were flanked by non-GM samples showing no apparent LUC activity. Translocation from the GM to non-GM part depends on the characteristics of GM plant bodies; here, the enhanced translocation of the LUC protein into the non-GM scion was observed when LUC-expressing rootstocks with hairy roots were used. Moreover, the quantity of translocated LUC protein was far below the level that is generally required to induce an allergenic response. Finally, since the LUC protein levels of plants used for transgrafting are moderate and the LUC protein itself is relatively unstable, further investigation is necessary regarding whether the newly expressed protein in GM plants is highly stable, easily translocated, and/or highly expressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuous Translocation of a Luciferase Protein beyond Graft Junction in Tobacco.","authors":"Taira Miyahara, Hitomi Ohkubo, Yukiko Umeyama, Taichi Oguchi, Takumi Ogawa, Daisaku Ohta, Tomofumi Mochizuki, Hiroaki Kodama","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00010","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgrafting, a grafting technique that uses both genetically modified (GM) and non-GM plants, is a novel plant breeding technology that can be used to improve the efficiency of crop cultivation without introducing foreign genes into the edible parts of non-GM plants. This technique can facilitate the acquisition of disease resistance and/or increased yield. However, the translocation of low-molecular-weight compounds, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and proteins through graft junctions raises a potential safety risk for food crops. Here, we used a transgenic tobacco plant expressing a firefly luciferase gene (<i>LUC</i>) to examine the translocation of the LUC protein beyond the graft junction in grafted plants. We observed the bi-directional translocation of LUC proteins in transgrafted tobacco plants, i.e., from the rootstock to scion and vice versa. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that transcripts of the LUC gene were undetectable in non-GM plant bodies, indicating that the LUC protein itself was translocated. Moreover, the movement of the LUC protein is an episodic (i.e., non-continuous) event, since non-GM samples showing high LUC activity were flanked by non-GM samples showing no apparent LUC activity. Translocation from the GM to non-GM part depends on the characteristics of GM plant bodies; here, the enhanced translocation of the LUC protein into the non-GM scion was observed when LUC-expressing rootstocks with hairy roots were used. Moreover, the quantity of translocated LUC protein was far below the level that is generally required to induce an allergenic response. Finally, since the LUC protein levels of plants used for transgrafting are moderate and the LUC protein itself is relatively unstable, further investigation is necessary regarding whether the newly expressed protein in GM plants is highly stable, easily translocated, and/or highly expressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Commemorative Ceremony and Symposium for the 20^th Anniversary of Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.","authors":"Shigeki Yamamoto, Satoshi Asano, Toru Kawanishi, Masako Waki","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00005","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-24-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (FSCJ) was established in 2003 and marked its 20^th anniversary in 2023. FSCJ held a commemorative ceremony and symposium to celebrate its 20^th anniversary at Mita conference hall (Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo) on September 1st, 2023, which attracted a total of 164 on-site attendees including six media companies, as well as 460 online viewers. FSCJ Chairperson Dr. YAMAMOTO gave a summary of each session; Session 1 outlined the various future challenges against which risk assessment organizations must prepare. In Session 2, panelists shared information on the development of new evaluation methodologies and international collaborations in order to meet various global demands and issues. In Session 3, the FSCJ introduced its future initiatives and called for international collaboration in sharing information and expertise to address data gaps and emerging issues, to which all panelists expressed their support. The importance of personnel development to tackle these challenges was also raised. In concluding the seminar, Dr. YAMAMOTO expressed that the common understanding gained from this occasion was the most fruitful achievement, owing to the international colleagues who shared their thought-provoking presentations and insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"12 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteria in HACCP Facilities.","authors":"Ramesh Subramaniam,&nbsp;Nuzul Noorahya Jambari,&nbsp;Kuan Chee Hao,&nbsp;Ungku Fatimah Ungku Zainal Abidin,&nbsp;Nor Khaizura Mahmud,&nbsp;Ab Rashid","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne pathogens, such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp., develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over time, resulting in compromised food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, compliance against Malaysia's veterinary standing procedure directive (APTVM 16 (c): 1/2011): Appendix 7¹³⁾, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp., in raw poultry meat, poultry meat products, and poultry-based ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Here, 699 raw poultry meat and meat products samples were obtained from selected hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP)-certified poultry meat-processing plants. Additionally, 377 samples of poultry-based RTE meals were collected from dine-in establishments and hospital catering facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>S. aureus</i> were present in 2.1% and 2.8% of the analyzed samples, respectively. <i>Salmonella</i> spp isolated from raw poultry meat and its products displayed resistance to ampicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (87.0%), cefuroxime (60.9%), cefazolin (56.5%), and kanamycin (52.2%). Similarly, <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from raw poultry meat, its products, and poultry-based RTE foods exhibited resistance against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, kanamycin, and cefoxitin. The multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) demonstrated by these foodborne pathogens makes their prevalence disconcerting. This highlights the need for more stringent monitoring and enduring sanitary and hygiene practices in HACCP establishments to prevent foodborne infections and potential transmission of AMR bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"11 3","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyphenothrin (Veterinary Medicinal Products).","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00008","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of cyphenothrin (CAS No. 39515-40-7), a pyrethroid insecticide, intended to be used to exterminate cockroaches in piggeries. This was based on documents of pigsty sprays containing the active substance <i>d</i>∙<i>d</i>-T-Cyphenothrin submitted, and risk assessment reports of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and others. The data of <i>d</i>-T80-Cyphenothrin and <i>d∙d</i>-T-Cyphenothrin, with different abundance ratios of the eight optical isomers composing both cyphenothrins, were used for the evaluation. The data used in the assessment include pharmacokinetics (rats), residues (rats), genotoxicity, acute toxicity (mice and rats), subacute toxicity (mice, rats and dogs), chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity (mice, rats and dogs), reproductive toxicity (rats and rabbits), neurotoxicity (rats), general pharmacology and others. In the various genotoxicity tests, no genotoxicity of <i>d</i>-T80-Cyphenothrin were observed on living organisms. <i>d∙d</i>-T-Cyphenothrin was not expected to cause genotoxity from the results of <i>d</i>-T80-Cyphenothrin studies. FSCJ thus recognized it to be possible to specify an acceptable daily intake (ADI). The lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) obtained from all the studies was 3 mg/kg bw per day. This value was based on the following effects of administration using <i>d</i>-T80-Cyphenothrin in dogs: Vomiting in a 13-week subacute toxicity study in males and females, and vomiting and redness of the oral mucous membranes in a 52-week chronic toxicity study in males. Addition of the safety factor 2 was appropriate based on the fact that the toxicity of <i>d∙d</i>-T-Cyphenothrin was slightly stronger than that of <i>d</i>-T80-Cyphenothrin. FSCJ thus specified an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.015 mg/kg bw per day after applying a safety factor of 200 to the NOAEL.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"11 3","pages":"62-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}