Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)最新文献

{"title":"Omics Profiles of Non-transgenic Scion Grafted on Transgenic RdDM Rootstock","authors":"H. Kodama, Yukiko Umeyama, Taira Miyahara, Taichi Oguchi, Takashi Tsujimoto, Y. Ozeki, Takumi Ogawa, Y. Yamaguchi, D. Ohta","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grafting of commercial varieties onto transgenic stress-tolerant rootstocks is attractive approach, because fruit from the non-transgenic plant body does not contain foreign genes. RNA silencing can modulate gene expression and protect host plants from viruses and insects, and small RNAs (sRNAs), key molecules of RNA silencing, can move systemically. Here, to evaluate the safety of foods obtained from sRNA-recipient plant bodies, we investigated the effects of rootstock-derived sRNAs involved in mediating RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) on non-transgenic scions. We used tobacco rootstocks showing RdDM against the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. When scions harboring CaMV 35S promoter sequence were grafted onto RdDM-inducing rootstocks, we found that RdDM-inducing sRNAs were only weakly transported from the rootstocks to the scion, and we observed a low level of DNA methylation of the CaMV 35S promoter in the scion. Next, wild-type (WT) tobacco scions were grafted onto RdDM-inducing rootstocks (designated NT) or WT rootstocks (designated NN), and scion leaves were subjected to multi-omics analyses. Our transcriptomic analysis detected 55 differentially expressed genes between the NT and NN samples. A principal component analysis of proteome profiles showed no significant differences. In the positive and negative modes of LC-ESI-MS and GC-EI-MS analyses, we found a large overlap between the metabolomic clusters of the NT and NN samples. In contrast, the negative mode of a LC-ESI-MS analysis showed separation of clusters of NT and NN metabolites, and we detected 6 peak groups that significantly differed. In conclusion, we found that grafting onto RdDM-inducing rootstocks caused a low-level transmission of sRNAs, resulting in limited DNA methylation in the scion. However, the causal relationships between sRNA transmission and the very slight changes in the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the scions remains unclear. The safety assessment points for grafting with RdDM rootstocks are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"10 1","pages":"13 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiocesium Concentration in Commercially-Available Foods Produced in Japan: 2017-2019","authors":"H. Nabeshi, Masataka Imamura, T. Tsutsumi, Tomomi Maeda, A. Hachisuka, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the concentration of radioactive cesium (r-Cs: 134Cs and 137Cs) in commercially-available foods to confirm the effectiveness of pre-shipment radioactive material inspections mainly conducted by local governments. We focused on selected production areas and foods with high probability of r-Cs detection. To this end, we evaluated 715, 685, and 683 samples using scintillation spectrometer and high-purity germanium γ-spectrometer in fiscal years 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The results accounted for 9 samples (1.3%), 10 samples (1.5%), and 5 samples (0.7%) for each fiscal year exceeded the standard limit of radioactive material (100 Bq/kg as r-Cs concentration for general foods). Although we selected and evaluated foods with high probability of r-Cs detection, percentage of samples exceeding the standard limit in each fiscal year was very low, less than 2% to be exact. This suggests that food management system, including pre-shipment inspections, were effectively functioning. In addition, samples exceeding the standard limit were bound to edible wild plants and wild mushrooms, and log-cultivated mushrooms. The former is consider to be difficult for cultivation/feeding control, and the latter was know to be parts of foods greatly affected by radioactive materials. This suggests that the concentration of r-Cs in these items remains at relatively high levels. In contrast, r-Cs was not detected in items with controalble cultivation/feeding. Based on these observations, it is better to be inspected on more difficult-to-cotrol cultivation/feeding items, in order to achieve further streamlining and improving of inspection efficiency. Our results indicate that r-Cs concentration in commercially-available foods of easy-to cultivation/feeding control, such as general vegetables, fruits, and meat, have been well-controlled in Japan, however, difficult-to-cultivation/feeding control items need to be more paid attention to r-Cs concentrations.","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66921304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergen Labeling for Eggs as Ingredients of Pre-packaged Foods (Food-allergy).","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basic Act on allergic diseases measures was enforced in 2015, in order to improve the living environment of Japanese population via enhancing food labeling of concerned allergic ingredients. Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ), then, deemed it necessary to examine this Japanese allergen labeling system. Labeling is currently mandatory for 7 ingredients, and in addition, recommended for 21 distinct ingredients. FSCJ chose to conduct a self-tasking risk assessment on hen-eggs labeling, as hen-eggs show high prevalence of allergy cases out of those presented ingredients. Hen-eggs were specifically focused on this assessment due to the available amount of data. There have been no incidents of hen-egg protein-derived allergic reactions at levels below the \"threshold concentration\", which was set at 10 μg of allergenic protein per 1 g of food for the labeling purpose of Japan's system. On the practical aspect, allergen contamination in pre-packaged foods is continuously prevented through good hygiene practices. Introduction of mandatory HACCP-based approach in the food industry of Japan contributed to appropriate controls, including prevention of labeling errors among others. In conclusion, FSCJ judged the current allergen labeling system on hen-eggs in Japan to be generally appropriate based on the currently available evidences.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 4","pages":"117-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8691971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement for Reviewing.","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 4","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8691969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Anisakiasis and <i>Anisakis</i> Larvae in Tokyo, Japan.","authors":"Jun Suzuki,&nbsp;Rie Murata,&nbsp;Yukihiro Kodo","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anisakiasis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by infection with anisakid nematodes. <i>Anisakis</i> larvae have been listed as distinct food poisoning agents in the manual of Food Poisoning Statistics, Japan since 2013. The reported numbers of food poisoning cases caused by <i>Anisakis</i> larvae are gradually increasing. A total of 94.0% of the causative larvae species were identified as <i>Anisakis simplex</i> sensu stricto (<i>A. simplex</i>), and 4.4% were identified as <i>Anisakis pegreffii</i>, among human-isolated anisakid nematodes examined in Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan from 2011 to 2018. <i>Anisakis</i> species infecting fishes in Japanese waters differ depending on their habitat and depth. <i>A. simplex</i> mainly infects fishes in the Pacific side of Japan, and <i>A. pegreffii</i> mainly infects fishes in the East China Sea and Sea of Japan sides. Regarding the causative foods of anisakiasis, cases by ingestion of mackerel (<i>Scomber</i> spp.) have been the most common in Japan, and cases caused by eating \"marinated mackerel\" accounted for 32.8% of the total in Tokyo from 2011 to 2017. However, the number of reports of food poisoning caused by skipjack tuna (<i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i>) was highest in May 2018 in Japan. A parasitological surveys of <i>Anisakis</i> third-stage larvae in skipjack tuna in Japanese waters were conducted in 2018 and 2019, and it was confirmed that more <i>A. simplex</i> infections of skipjack tuna may have occurred in 2018 than usual due to the meandering flow of the Black Current. Moreover, a portion of <i>A. simplex</i> larvae migrated from visceral organs to the ventral muscle in live skipjack tuna before capture, suggesting that an extensive cold chain after capture cannot prevent anisakiasis. In fish species that were reported to be high frequency of causative food of anisakiasis, it is necessary to freeze or at least remove the ventral muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 4","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8691968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Food Allergy-Labeling System and Comparison with the International Experience; Detection and Thresholds.","authors":"Hiroshi Akiyama,&nbsp;Reiko Adachi","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Japanese allergy-labeling system, food labeling is mandated for 7 specific ingredients (egg, cow's milk, wheat, buckwheat, peanut, shrimp, and crab) and recommended for 21 food ingredients in reference to case numbers of actual illness and the degree of seriousness. To monitor the validity of the labeling system, official methods for the detection of specific ingredient proteins in processed foods were developed. The official methods consist of ELISA methods for screening, and western blot methods for egg and milk, and PCR methods for wheat, buckwheat, peanut, shrimp/prawn, and crab as confirmation tests. The official methods consist of ELISA methods for screening, and western blot methods for egg and milk, and PCR methods for wheat, buckwheat, peanut, shrimp/prawn, and crab as confirmation tests. Threshold amounts (a few mg/kg) for labeling were set based on the approach of the analytical detections. Any foods containing protein allergens should be labeled if these contain allergens at greater than 10 ppm (mg/kg). Validation protocol criteria were established to standardize the Japanese official method. Food Safety Commission of Japan conducted a risk assessment of egg as a specific ingredient and judged that current labeling system for foods containing allergens is generally appropriate for \"eggs\". In the future, it is important to accumulate necessary scientific knowledge in order to carry out food health impact assessment including further refinement. The Japanese experience and knowledge of food allergy-labeling system would contribute to harmonize international labeling guidelines to protect allergic consumers globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 4","pages":"101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8691970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommended Practices to Eliminate <i>Campylobacter</i> from Live Birds and Chicken Meat in Japan.","authors":"Asano Kozu Clarke,&nbsp;Said Ajlouni","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-20-00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-20-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> food poisoning is one of the major bacterial foodborne diseases resulting in numerous outbreaks worldwide. Particularly in Japan, one-fourth of the total food poisoning is caused by <i>Campylobacter jejuni/coli</i>. Raw and/or undercooked poultry meat and meat products are known as the main cause of campylobacteriosis. Consequently, effective and immediate actions are needed to eliminate or at least reduce campylobacteriosis. This study aimed at examining the Japanese food regulation system, comparing it with those in the USA and Australia, and making necessary recommendations for a better control of campylobacteriosis in Japan. The study was conducted by a thorough investigation of published literatures, governmental documents, statistical and epidemiological data and public information. The results led to recommendations that the Japanese food regulation authority should consider the following suggestions in order to control campylobacteriosis: 1) assess the <i>Campylobacter</i> safety at the end of processing stage of chicken supply chain based on risk assessment using quantitative/qualitative baseline data collected over Japan, 2) establish a national <i>Campylobacter</i> strategy, including specific campylobacteriosis reduction goals and criteria, and 3) provide the small food business operators with sufficient training and support to implement a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) as an obligatory food safety requirement. It is acknowledged that it would be difficult to apply foreign regulations directly to Japanese food regulation system due to differences in food culture, regulation, industry structure, and data collection systems. Thus, flexible application is required. Finding and conducting effective <i>Campylobacter</i> control measures can decrease contaminated live birds and chicken meat in Japan, home to a unique food culture of eating raw and/or undercooked chicken meat called Torisashi such as sashimi, tataki and yubiki chicken. Consequently, potentially available research data may be instrumental in finding solutions for reducing campylobacteriosis. Eliminating <i>Campylobacter</i> food poisoning cases in Japan will be a significant achievement in ensuring Japanese and global food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 3","pages":"57-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Drug-resistance Profile of <i>Vibrio Parahaemolyticus</i> isolated from Japanese Horse Mackerel (<i>Trachurus Japonicus</i>).","authors":"Tasturo Nishino,&nbsp;Hideki Suzuki,&nbsp;Shiro Mizumoto,&nbsp;Hirotaka Morinushi,&nbsp;Hiromi Nagaoka,&nbsp;Keiichi Goto,&nbsp;Shigeki Yamamoto","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at investigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus).</i> The bacteria were isolated from wild-caught and farmed Japanese horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus japonicus</i>), and examined for the antimicrobial drug resistance. Furthermore, the serotype, and the genes of thermostable direct hemolysin (<i>tdh</i>) and cholera toxin transcriptional activator (<i>toxR</i>) of the isolates were investigated by using a serotype testing kit and PCR method. Eighty-eight and 126 <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> strains were isolated from wild-caught and farmed Japanese horse mackerel, respectively. Ten and 18 distinct serotypes were detected from wild-caught and farmed Japanese horse mackerel. All strains were negative for <i>tdh</i> genes but positive for <i>toxR</i> genes. Resistances to ampicillin (ABP) and to both ABP and fosfomycin (FOM) were observed in 54 and 23 strains from the wild-caught fish, while those resistant strains from farm fish were 112 and 7 strains. Multidrug-resistance to three or four drugs including ABP was observed in one or two strains from the wild-caught fish. These results strongly suggest that the environmental exposure of antimicrobial drugs results in the spread of resistant genes in Japanese horse mackerel. This study highlights the need for monitoring the spread of resistance genes to the human intestinal flora as well as to other bacteria in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 3","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the <i>Campylobacter</i> Papers in this Issue.","authors":"Shigeki Yamamoto","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 3","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Fluorescence Immunochromatography for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i>.","authors":"Hiroshi Asakura, Junko Sakata, Yoshimasa Sasaki, Kentaro Kawatsu","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00006","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (<i>C. jejuni</i>) and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> (<i>C. coli</i>) are leading causes of foodborne gastroenteritis in Japan. Epidemiological surveillance has provided evidence that poultry meat is one of the main reservoirs for human campylobacteriosis, and therefore, improvement in process hygiene at slaughter is required to reduce the number of human infections. This study thus aimed to develop fluorescent immunochromatography strips for rapid and sensitive detection of thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> on poultry carcasses at slaughter. To establish the required detection levels, we first determined the numbers of <i>C. jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> on poultry carcasses at one large-scale poultry slaughterhouse in Japan, resulting in the detection of <i>Campylobacter</i> at 1.97 ± 0.24 log CFU/25 g of neck skin during the post-chilling process by using ISO 10272-2:2017. Our developed <i>Campylobacter</i> fluorescence immunochromatography (FIC) assay exhibited a 50% limit of detection of 3.51 log CFU or 4.34 log CFU for <i>C. jejuni</i> NCTC 11168 or <i>C. coli</i> JCM 2529, respectively. Inclusive and exclusive tests resulted in good agreement. The practical usefulness of this test toward poultry carcasses should be evaluated in future studies, perhaps concentration of the target microorganisms prior to the testing might be helpful to further enhance sensitivity. Nevertheless, our data suggest the potential of FIC for rapid and sensitive detection of thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> for monitoring the process hygiene of poultry carcasses at slaughter.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"9 3","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}