Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of Fungal Infection and Mycotoxin Contamination on Nutritional Quality and Safety of Protein-Rich Pulses.","authors":"Elizabeth M Wyman, Emily Branstad-Spates, Kanniah Rajasekaran, Matthew D Lebar","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00005","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based protein sources are increasingly incorporated into human diets as the search for more sustainable and nourishing food sources arises. Numerous fungal plant pathogens that impact pulses and plant-based proteins, namely <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and certain <i>Penicillium</i> species, have been studied widely in corn, peanut and cotton previously. We review reports of these fungal genera and their infections in pulses, as well as other pathogenic and mycotoxigenic fungi reported to infect and contaminate pulses. Overall, plant-based protein sources have been understudied in the United States (US) and abroad. This review captures current research (through 2025) to reveal how pulse crops, an emerging source of plant-based proteins, are impacted nutritionally by fungal infections and their subsequent mycotoxin contamination. The major findings are 1) that fungal infections tend to decrease nutritional composition of pulse seeds and 2) that there are consistent gaps in current pulse research that need to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 3","pages":"104-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Monitoring of Radioactive Cesium in Commercial Foods and Dietary Intake Estimated by Total Diet Studies in Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.","authors":"Hiromi Nabeshi, Tomoaki Tsutsumi","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00006","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, Japan implemented extensive monitoring of radioactive materials in foods and established strict regulatory limits based on an annual effective dose of 1 mSv/year from artificial radionuclides. This review summarizes long-term surveillance data on radioactive cesium (r-Cs) in commercial foods and long-term assessments of dietary intake of r-Cs and strontium-90 (⁹⁰Sr) using the total diet study (TDS)/market basket (MB) method. Monitoring of commercial foods demonstrated that pre-shipment inspections and production controls are highly effective for cultivated agricultural products and livestock products, with regulatory exceedances occurring almost exclusively in wild mushrooms, wild edible plants, and wildlife-derived foods. No r-Cs has been detected in any infant food sample since monitoring began. TDS-based assessments show that the committed effective dose from r-Cs declined rapidly during the first few years after the accident and has remained at a very low level (generally below 0.001 mSv/year) nationwide since around 2017, while ⁹⁰Sr levels exhibited no clear regional differences and remained comparable to pre-accident background levels. These findings confirm that Japan's long-term food safety controls have kept internal radiation exposure far below international safety limits. The integration of surveillance, TDS monitoring, and risk management provides a robust evidence-based model for ensuring food safety following nuclear events.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 3","pages":"129-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large Outbreak of Gastrointestinal Infections Associated with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Consumption of Milk Served in 25 schools in Toyama, Japan, June 2021.","authors":"Katsumi Mizukami, Noriko Noguchi, Yuichiro Yahata, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Kaoru Kurosaki, Kenji Ohya, Shouhei Hirose, Tomoya Yoshinari, Takahiro Ohnishi, Kenichi Lee, Sunao Iyoda, Hideko Kusunoki, Keiko Tsukada, Natsuki Yokota, Akane Kiritani, Mayumi Eino, Kazutaka Nakada, Akina Raijou, Yuichiro Hyakkoku, Takeo Edo, Tomikatu Suzuki, Kenji Takinami, Yukihiro Akeda, Yukiko Hara-Kudo, Tomimasa Sunagawa","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00027","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe foodborne disease outbreaks occurring in the school setting are a major public health issue. On June 17, 2021, Toyama City Public Health Center received a report of a suspected outbreak of food poisoning from the Board of Education of Toyama City. The board reported that 459 students and 5 teachers were absent from school or left early on June 17. We investigated the suspected outbreak and examined the implementation of control measures in a small-scale milk processing company linked to the outbreak. In particular, we performed an epidemiological investigation involving a traceback and traceforward investigation, an inspection of the processing company, a microbiological analysis, a hazard analysis, and an evaluation of critical control points. In total, 1,896 individuals developed at least one gastrointestinal symptom and were absent from school and/or left early. In total, 25 schools and childcare facilities were affected. The epidemiological investigation showed that consumption of school lunch milk from a specific milk company was significantly associated with absence from school on June 16-18, with odds ratios ranging from 2.2 to 21.7. No cases were linked to other distribution facilities. Milk and stool samples yielded <i>Escherichia coli</i> of undetermined pathotype. The milk processing facility had 20 hazards, including the heat treatment machine. The facility did not undergo routine checks and maintenance. The temperature detector sensor was manufactured to have 20 copper wires, but just 2 wires were intact, leading to a possible overestimation of temperature. We recommended that the facility routinely measure direct temperature and implement checks and maintenance of the heat treatment unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 3","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Domestic Agricultural Waters.","authors":"Christine Yu, Qianru Yang, Michael Kulka, Erin Lipp, Michael Kauffman","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00006","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in the environment is an important step toward mitigating those risks. In this comprehensive two-year study, we assessed the occurrence of human norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in agricultural water used for crop irrigation to better understand potential sources of contamination, which can contribute to outbreaks caused by these viruses. For the first series of experiments, samples of surface and ground water were collected monthly during the growing seasons from 36 sites, representing 21 farms in two regions in the US, namely Georgia (GA) and Ohio (OH). Two primary concentration methods were employed to capture naturally occurring viruses from 10L of water: either dead-end hollow fiber ultrafiltration (DEUF) or modified Moore swab (MMS). For secondary virus concentration, DEUF was coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, while MMS was paired with ultracentrifugation. The detection rate using RT-qPCR was 8.4% for NoV genogroup II (NoV-GII) and 9.4% for HAV, found across 24 sampling sites on 15 farms. We then directly compared the performance of DEUF and MMS for virus recovery by concentrating 10 L of agricultural water spiked with NoV with each method. The DEUF consistently provided both higher detection rates and lower Ct values across various levels of virus spiking (p < 0.05 at the seeding level of 5.0E+05 genome copies/10L). There were no significant differences in virus recovery between the two secondary concentration methods (PEG or ultracentrifugation). Improving methods for obtaining surveillance information will provide greater insights into the prevalence of human enteric viruses in irrigation water and support the development of viral pathogen mitigation strategies in the prevention of foodborne outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 2","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Basis of Tolerable Daily Intake Derivation in Japan: Analysis of Study Types, Uncertainty Factors, and Critical Effect Levels in FSCJ Risk Assessment Reports.","authors":"Satoko Iwasawa, Kento Hoshino, Tomohiro Ohno, Itsumi Hashimoto, Yuka Miyoshi, Takahiro Sakamoto, Kenta Ito, Satoko Suzuki, Noriyuki Yoshioka, Masashi Tsunoda","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00004","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to clarify the scientific basis for deriving Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) values in risk assessments conducted by the Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ), with a particular focus on the types of studies used, uncertainty factors (UFs), and critical effect levels (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels and Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels). We reviewed 77 chemical risk assessment reports published by the FSCJ as of October 2022. Using a standardized data extraction template developed with reference to the ATSDR and IRIS formats, ten trained reviewers examined and coded relevant toxicological information. In total, 46 reports were included in the final analysis. Most TDI values (73.9%) were derived from animal studies and were typically accompanied by large UFs ranging from 100 to 1000. Human-based TDIs derived from human observational (15.2%) and human intervention (10.9%) studies accounted for a smaller proportion but were generally associated with higher TDI values and smaller UFs. The examination of the NOAEL and LOAEL distributions indicated that lower exposure thresholds were primarily based on human study, whereas higher thresholds predominantly relied on animal studies. The derivation of TDI in Japan relies predominantly on animal study. Enhancing the availability of high-quality human data and improving consistency in the application of UFs may strengthen the transparency and scientific validity of health-based guidance in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 2","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. FDA Regulatory Monitoring of Ochratoxin A in Human Foods: 2008-2022.","authors":"Tabitha J Miller, Anthony Adeuya, Lauren P Robin","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00002","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> fungi that can contaminate a range of agricultural commodities and products, such as cereal grains, dried fruit, and coffee beans. While some OTA contamination in foods may be unavoidable, there are steps that can be taken to help prevent fungal growth and control the presence of OTA in foods. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a regulatory mycotoxin compliance program to sample and analyze human foods for mycotoxins. Each year, under this compliance program, samples of foods susceptible to mycotoxin contamination are collected and analyzed for various mycotoxins, including OTA. In this study, we present and discuss data on OTA levels for over 3,700 food samples collected between fiscal years (FY) 2008 and 2022. OTA levels ranged from non-detect to 116 µg/kg, with the highest findings seen in green coffee beans, dried fruits, grain products, and spices. The vast majority of samples (96.5%) had OTA levels below the levels of quantification (LOQs) of 0.21 to 24.9 µg/kg. The findings were similar to detection rates, levels, and affected foods seen in other surveys of OTA. Our findings support continued monitoring of OTA in susceptible foods and may be useful in future work to determine whether it is appropriate to establish regulatory levels for OTA in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 2","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxolinic Acid (Pesticides/Veterinary Medicinal Products).","authors":"","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00014","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-26-00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of oxolinic acid (CAS No. 14698-29-4), an antimicrobial agent with a quinoline structure, based on results from submitted documents. For the fifth edition, additional residue data for crops (including taro and broccoli) were submitted by the Consumer Affairs Agency. The data used in the assessment include fate in animals (including rats) and humans, fate in plants (including paddy rice and napa cabbage), residues in crops, residues in livestock products (including cattle and pigs), subacute toxicity (rats, mice, and dogs), chronic toxicity (dogs), combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity (rats), carcinogenicity (mice), two-generation reproductive toxicity (rats), developmental toxicity (rats and rabbits), and genotoxicity. Major adverse effects of oxolinic acid were observed in the body weight (suppressed weight gain), the testes (interstitial cell hyperplasia in rats), the ovaries (organ weight increase in rats), excitatory neurological symptoms, and behavioral changes (<b>Table 1</b>). No adverse effects were observed on either fertility, teratogenicity, or biologically significant genotoxicity. The lowest NOAEL for potential adverse effects after a single oral administration of oxolinic acid was 6 mg/kg bw from the results of the acute neurotoxicity study in rats (<b>Table 2</b>). FSCJ established an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.06 mg/kg bw by applying a safety factor of 100 to this NOAEL.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 2","pages":"88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Natural Interspecific Hybrids in the Pufferfish, Genus <i>Takifugu</i>, and Their Tetrodotoxin-accumulating Tissues.","authors":"Ryohei Tatsuno, Hiroshi Takahashi","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00021","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pufferfish in the genus <i>Takifugu</i> accumulate the potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) in specific tissues that vary by species; nevertheless, certain species are consumed as a luxury food in Japan. Therefore, the edible species and tissues of <i>Takifugu</i> pufferfish are regulated in Japan. In recent years, unidentifiable individuals with atypical morphological characteristics caught in waters around Japan have been found to be natural interspecific hybrids among <i>Takifugu</i> species. Four cases of natural hybridization have been reported; in all cases, hybrids had external characteristics intermediate between those of the parental species. Although the frequency of these hybrids was generally low, it is high in certain parental species combinations. The TTX accumulation in tissues of natural and artificial hybrids was investigated and it was inferred that TTX accumulation in the skin is dominantly inherited. However, information on hybrids' toxicity in <i>Takifugu</i> pufferfish remains insufficient, and further research is required to prevent TTX poisoning associated with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 2","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Standard Methods for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Detection from Foods in Japan.","authors":"Yumiko Okada, Akiko Nakama, Yukako Shimojima, Miki Ida, Hiromi Nakamura, Kayoko Otsuka, Sumi Ebuchi, Akiko Tomaru, Tomoko Nishida, Tomotaka Yoshida, Hideaki Matsuoka","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00023","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, several standard methods have been established and published for detecting microbes from foods by \"the Committee of the Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods (NIHSJ-MMEF)\" since 2005. From the results of the Committee's activities, five of them became official Japanese methods including NIHSJ-08 and NIHSJ-09 which were first published in 2011 and 2014 based on ISO 11290-1 and ISO 11290-2 with some modifications. In this study, a working group consisting of five institutions was established to analyze that the modifications using CHROMagar ^TM Listeria was valid; the method developed was applicable for some Japanese foods such as minced tuna; and what the estimated limit of detection at 50% probability (eLOD₅₀) were. The eLOD₅₀ values were 0.744 CFU/25g for detection from Half-Fraser broth and 1.11 CFU/25 g for detection from Fraser broth, respectively. Finally, this study established and validated the parameters necessary for monitoring food contamination with <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Long-term Migration Test Method for Plastic Food Utensils, Containers, and Packaging.","authors":"Chiharu Mizuguchi-Fukase, Asako Ozaki, Eri Kishi, Daichi Asakawa, Miku Yamaguchi, Yutaka Abe, Motoh Mutsuga","doi":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00028","DOIUrl":"10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-25-00028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To ensure the safety of plastic food utensils, containers, and packaging, migration testing is essential for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical substances that migrate from these materials into foods. In the context of foods with shelf lives ranging from several months to several years, conducting actual long-term migration tests is particularly challenging. It is therefore necessary to establish accelerated test conditions that yield equivalent migration levels. In order to establish such accelerated test conditions, results obtained from long-term migration tests using food-simulating solvents are required. However, when conducting long-term migration tests, concerns arise regarding the spoilage of food-simulating solvents and the adsorption of migrated substances onto the test container. To address these problems, model samples were prepared by incorporating ten substances with a wide range of Log Pow values into eight types of general-purpose synthetic resins. Using four types of food-simulating solvents (water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, and olive oil), potential methods for long-term migration testing were examined. An analytical approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was evaluated and confirmed to be applicable for use with the various food-simulating solvents. More specifically, in the long-term migration test using water, a decrease in the migration amount of dimethyl isophthalate was observed in high-impact polystyrene and polyamide due to the influence of microorganisms proliferating within the migration solution. It was also demonstrated that the addition of sodium azide is effective in preventing spoilage. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the adsorption of substances with Log Pow values of <6 onto glass containers could be considered negligible. Using the LC-MS/MS-based long-term migration test protocol established in this study, it becomes possible to examine conditions for setting accelerated test parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":73044,"journal":{"name":"Food safety (Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"14 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}