FEMS microbes最新文献

{"title":"Repurposing the PDMA-approved drugs in Japan using an insect model of staphylococcal infection.","authors":"Atsushi Miyashita,&nbsp;Shuhei Mitsutomi,&nbsp;Tohru Mizushima,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Sekimizu","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 1253 compounds approved as therapeutic drugs in Japan (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)-approved compounds) were screened for their therapeutic effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection using the silkworm infection model. In the first stage of screening with an index of prolonged survival, 80 compounds were identified as hits. Of these, 64 compounds were clinically used as antimicrobial agents, and the remaining 16 compounds were not. The 16 compounds were examined for their dose-dependent therapeutic effects on the silkworm model as a second screening step, and we obtained five compounds as a result. One of the compounds (capecitabine) had no documented <i>in vitro</i> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against <i>S. aureus</i>. The MIC value of capecitabine against <i>S. aureus</i> strains ranged from 125 to 250 µg/ml, and capecitabine was therapeutically effective at a dose of 200 mg/kg in a murine model of <i>S. aureus</i> infection. These results suggest that silkworm-based drug repositioning studies are of potential value. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of capecitabine demonstrated in this study provide an important scientific rationale for clinical observational studies examining the association between staphylococcal infection events and capecitabine administration in cancer chemotherapy patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9661875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Enterococcus faecalis Colonizes and Forms Persistent Biofilm Microcolonies on Undamaged Endothelial Surfaces in a Rabbit Endovascular Infection Model\".","authors":"Aaron M T Barnes","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab014.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/76/xtab018.PMC8684440.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39749337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological characteristics of bacteremias among COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Greece during the second epidemic wave.","authors":"Efthymia Protonotariou,&nbsp;Paraskevi Mantzana,&nbsp;Georgios Meletis,&nbsp;Areti Tychala,&nbsp;Angeliki Kassomenaki,&nbsp;Olga Vasilaki,&nbsp;Georgia Kagkalou,&nbsp;Ioanna Gkeka,&nbsp;Maria Archonti,&nbsp;Styliani Kati,&nbsp;Simeon Metallidis,&nbsp;Lemonia Skoura","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northern Greece was struck by an intense second COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) epidemic wave during the fall of 2020. Because of the coinciding silent epidemic of multidrug-resistant organisms, the handling of COVID-19 patients became even more challenging. In the present study, the microbiological characteristics of bacteremias in confirmed cases of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were determined. Data from 1165 patients hospitalized between September and December 2020 were reviewed regarding the frequency of bloodstream infections, the epidemiology and the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the causative bacteria. The hospital's antibiotic susceptibility data for all major nosocomial pathogens isolated from bacteremias of COVID-19 patients between September and December 2020 versus those between September and December 2019 were also compared. Overall, 122 patients developed bacteremia (10.47%). The average of time interval between hospitalization date and development of bacteremia was 13.98 days. Admission to ICU occurred in 98 out of 122 patients with an average stay time of 15.85 days and 90.81% in-hospital mortality. In total, 166 pathogens were recovered including 114 Gram-negative bacteria and 52 Gram-positive cocci. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> was the most frequent (<i>n</i> = 51) followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 45) and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (<i>n</i> = 31). Bacteremias in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were related with prolonged time of hospitalization and higher in-hospital mortality, and the isolated microorganisms represented the bacterial species that were present in our hospital before the COVID-19 pandemic. Worryingly, the antibiotic resistance rates were increased compared with the pre-pandemic era for all major opportunistic bacterial pathogens. The pandemic highlighted the need for continuous surveillance of patients with prolonged hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40308977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 corroborates heightened community infection during the initial peak of COVID-19 in Bexar County, Texas.","authors":"Haya Al-Duroobi, Sina V Moghadam, Duc C Phan, Arash Jafarzadeh, Akanksha Matta, Vikram Kapoor","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater at the Salitrillo Wastewater Treatment Plant in Texas during the initial peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Raw wastewater influent (24 h composite, time-based 1 L samples, <i>n</i> = 13) was collected weekly during June-August 2020. We measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater by reverse transcription droplet digital PCR using the same N1 and N2 primer sets as employed in COVID-19 clinical testing. Virus RNA copies for positive samples (77%) ranged from 1.4 × 10² to 4.1 × 10⁴ copies per liter of wastewater, and exhibited both increasing and decreasing trends, which corresponded well with the COVID-19 weekly infection rate (N1: ρ = 0.558, <i>P</i> = 0.048; N2: ρ = 0.487, <i>P</i> = 0.092). A sharp increase in virus RNA concentrations was observed during July sampling dates, consistent with the highest number of COVID-19 cases reported. This could be attributed to an increase in the spread of COVID-19 infection due to the Fourth of July holiday week gatherings (outdoor gatherings were limited to 100 people during that time). Our data show that wastewater surveillance is an effective tool to determine trends in infectious disease prevalence, and provide complementary information to clinical testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/de/xtab015.PMC10117867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9667296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater monitoring, surveillance and epidemiology: a review of terminology for a common understanding.","authors":"David A Larsen, Hyatt Green, Mary B Collins, Brittany L Kmush","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic saw an unprecedented uptake in bottom-up efforts to incorporate community wastewater testing to inform public health. While not a new strategy, various specialized scientific advancements were achieved to establish links between wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and public health outcomes. Maximizing public health benefit requires collaboration among a broad range of disciplinary experts, each bringing their own historical context to the central goal of protecting human health. One challenge has been a lack of shared terminology. Standardized terminology would provide common ground for this rapidly growing field. Based on the review herein, we recommend categorical usage of the term 'wastewater-based epidemiology' to describe the science of relating microbes, chemicals or other analytes in wastewater to public health. We further recommend the term 'wastewater surveillance' to describe continuous monitoring of health outcomes (either microbes or chemicals) via wastewater. We suggest that 'wastewater tracking' and 'wastewater tracing' be used in more narrow ways, specifically when trying to find the source of a health risk. Finally, we suggest that the phrase 'wastewater monitoring' be abandoned, except in rare circumstances when ensuring wastewater discharge is safe from a public health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/0e/xtab011.PMC8499728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating between the possibility and probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with wastewater: empirical evidence is needed to substantiate risk.","authors":"Warish Ahmed, Kyle Bibby, Patrick M D'Aoust, Robert Delatolla, Charles P Gerba, Charles N Haas, Kerry A Hamilton, Joanne Hewitt, Timothy R Julian, Devrim Kaya, Paul Monis, Laurent Moulin, Colleen Naughton, Rachel T Noble, Abhilasha Shrestha, Ananda Tiwari, Stuart L Simpson, Sebastien Wurtzer, Aaron Bivins","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive history of motility and Archaellation in Archaea.","authors":"Ken F Jarrell, Sonja-Verena Albers, J Nuno de Sousa Machado","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each of the three Domains of life, Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea, have swimming structures that were all originally called flagella, despite the fact that none were evolutionarily related to either of the other two. Surprisingly, this was true even in the two prokaryotic Domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Beginning in the 1980s, evidence gradually accumulated that convincingly demonstrated that the motility organelle in Archaea was unrelated to that found in Bacteria, but surprisingly shared significant similarities to type IV pili. This information culminated in the proposal, in 2012, that the 'archaeal flagellum' be assigned a new name, the archaellum. In this review, we provide a historical overview on archaella and motility research in Archaea, beginning with the first simple observations of motile extreme halophilic archaea a century ago up to state-of-the-art cryo-tomography of the archaellum motor complex and filament observed today. In addition to structural and biochemical data which revealed the archaellum to be a type IV pilus-like structure repurposed as a rotating nanomachine (Beeby <i>et al</i>. 2020), we also review the initial discoveries and subsequent advances using a wide variety of approaches to reveal: complex regulatory events that lead to the assembly of the archaellum filaments (archaellation); the roles of the various archaellum proteins; key post-translational modifications of the archaellum structural subunits; evolutionary relationships; functions of archaella other than motility and the biotechnological potential of this fascinating structure. The progress made in understanding the structure and assembly of the archaellum is highlighted by comparing early models to what is known today.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/dd/xtab002.PMC10117864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of oxathiapiprolin toward Phytophthora agathidicida, the causal agent of kauri dieback disease","authors":"R. F. Lacey, Michael J. Fairhurst, K. Daley, Te Amohaere Ngata-Aerengamate, Haileigh R. Patterson, W. Patrick, M. Gerth","doi":"10.1101/2021.03.10.434845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.10.434845","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora species cause disease and devastation of plants in ecological and horticultural settings worldwide. A recently identified species, P. agathidicida, infects and ultimately kills the treasured kauri trees that are endemic to New Zealand. Currently there are few options for controlling or treating P. agathidicida. In this study, we sought to assess the toxicity of the oomycide oxathiapiprolin against several lifecycle stages of two geographically distinct P. agathidicida isolates. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were determined to be approximately 0.1 ng/ml for inhibiting mycelial growth, indicating that P. agathidicida mycelia are more sensitive to oxathiapiprolin than those from most other Phytophthora species that have been studied. Oxathiapiprolin was also highly effective at inhibiting the germination of zoospores (EC50 = 2-9 ng/ml for the two isolates) and oospores (complete inhibition at 100 ng/ml). In addition, oxathiapiprolin delayed the onset of detached kauri leaf infection in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the results presented here highlight the significant potential of oxathiapiprolin as a tool to aid in the control of kauri dieback disease.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47832785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in genomic traits of microbial communities among ecosystems.","authors":"Peter F Chuckran,&nbsp;Bruce A Hungate,&nbsp;Egbert Schwartz,&nbsp;Paul Dijkstra","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-living bacteria in nutrient limited environments often exhibit traits which may reduce the cost of reproduction, such as smaller genome size, low GC content and fewer sigma (σ) factor and 16S rRNA gene copies. Despite the potential utility of these traits to detect relationships between microbial communities and ecosystem-scale properties, few studies have assessed these traits on a community-scale. Here, we analysed these traits from publicly available metagenomes derived from marine, soil, host-associated and thermophilic communities. In marine and thermophilic communities, genome size and GC content declined in parallel, consistent with genomic streamlining, with GC content in thermophilic communities generally higher than in marine systems. In contrast, soil communities averaging smaller genomes featured higher GC content and were often from low-carbon environments, suggesting unique selection pressures in soil bacteria. The abundance of specific σ-factors varied with average genome size and ecosystem type. In oceans, abundance of <i>fliA</i>, a σ-factor controlling flagella biosynthesis, was positively correlated with community average genome size-reflecting known trade-offs between nutrient conservation and chemotaxis. In soils, a high abundance of the stress response σ-factor gene <i>rpoS</i> was associated with smaller average genome size and often located in harsh and/or carbon-limited environments-a result which tracks features observed in culture and indicates an increased capacity for stress response in nutrient-poor soils. This work shows how ecosystem-specific constraints are associated with trade-offs which are embedded in the genomic features of bacteria in microbial communities, and which can be detected at the community level, highlighting the importance of genomic features in microbial community analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9661510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) mutants in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium have increased susceptibility to cell wall targeting antibiotics.","authors":"Adrienne M Brauer,&nbsp;Alexandra R Rogers,&nbsp;Jeremy R Ellermeier","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is a protein secretion system that is conserved in bacteria, archaea and plants. In Gram-negative bacteria, it is required for the export of folded proteins from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. There are 30 experimentally verified Tat substrates in <i>Salmonella</i>, including hydrogenase subunits, enzymes required for anaerobic respiration and enzymes involved in peptidoglycan remodeling during cell division. Multiple studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of <i>tat</i> mutants to antimicrobial compounds such as SDS and bile; however, in this work, we use growth curves and viable plate counts to demonstrate that cell wall targeting antibiotics (penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins and fosfomycin) have increased killing against a Δ<i>tat</i> strain. Further, we demonstrate that this increased killing is primarily due to defects in translocation of critical Tat substrates: MepK, AmiA, AmiC and SufI. Finally, we show that a Δ<i>hyaAB</i> Δ<i>hybABC</i> Δ<i>hydBC</i> strain has an altered Δ_Ψ that impacts proper secretion of critical Tat substrates in aerobic growth conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/femsmc/xtab004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9786073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}