FEMS microbes最新文献

{"title":"Anti-malarial plants in Ethiopia and their activities on drug-resistant malaria.","authors":"Yimeslal Atnafu Sema,&nbsp;Teshale Areda Waktola","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Ethiopia, the impacts of malaria continue to cause a many number of morbidity and mortality that accounts to most-outpatient observations. Ethiopia recently designed to attain nationwide malaria control by 2030 by beginning sub-national elimination in districts with low malaria transmission. However, the rise of drug-resistant parasites, especially <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> hinder the malaria-containment strategies. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> are dispersed all over Ethiopia, and account for 60% and 40% of malaria cases, respectively. The aim of this report was to overview the phytochemical constituents, diversity, and effect of some compound extracts on drug-resistant plasmodium species. Many plant species, a total 200 identified by 82 studies, are used in traditional malaria treatments throughout the country. <i>Allium sativum, Croton macrostachyus</i>, and <i>Carica papaya</i> were the more frequently used medicinal plant species. There are so many phytochemical constituents found in medicinal plants used to treat malaria. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glycosides are the most-reported for their effective activity on drug-resistant malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9665819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macromolecular composition and substrate range of three marine fungi across major cell types.","authors":"Seth Thomas,&nbsp;Sabine K Lengger,&nbsp;Kimberley E Bird,&nbsp;Ro Allen,&nbsp;Michael Cunliffe","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine fungi exist as three major cell types: unicellular yeasts, filamentous hyphae and zoosporic early-diverging forms, such as the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). To begin to understand the ecological and biogeochemical influence of these cell types within the wider context of other plankton groups, cell size and macromolecular composition must be assessed across all three cell types. Using a mass-balance approach to culture, we describe quantitative differences in substrate uptake and subsequent macromolecular distribution in three model marine fungi: the yeast <i>Metschnikowia zobellii</i>, the filamentous <i>Epicoccum nigrum</i> and chytrid <i>Rhizophydium littoreum</i>. We compared these model cell types with select oleaginous phytoplankton of specific biotechnological interest through metanalysis. We hypothesise that fungal cell types will maintain a significantly different macromolecular composition to one another and further represent an alternative grazing material to bacterioplankton and phytoplankton for higher trophic levels. Assessment of carbon substrate range and utilisation using phenotype arrays suggests that marine fungi have a wide substrate range. Fungi also process organic matter to an elevated-lipid macromolecular composition with reduced-protein content. Because of their size and increased lipid composition compared to other plankton groups, we propose that fungi represent a compositionally distinct, energy-rich grazing resource in marine ecosystems. We propose that marine fungi could act as vectors of organic matter transfer across trophic boundaries, and supplement our existing understanding of the microbial loop and carbon transfer in marine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtab019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/1d/xtab019.PMC10117802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9660446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing the PDMA-approved drugs in Japan using an insect model of staphylococcal infection.","authors":"Atsushi Miyashita,&nbsp;Shuhei Mitsutomi,&nbsp;Tohru Mizushima,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Sekimizu","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 1253 compounds approved as therapeutic drugs in Japan (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)-approved compounds) were screened for their therapeutic effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection using the silkworm infection model. In the first stage of screening with an index of prolonged survival, 80 compounds were identified as hits. Of these, 64 compounds were clinically used as antimicrobial agents, and the remaining 16 compounds were not. The 16 compounds were examined for their dose-dependent therapeutic effects on the silkworm model as a second screening step, and we obtained five compounds as a result. One of the compounds (capecitabine) had no documented <i>in vitro</i> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against <i>S. aureus</i>. The MIC value of capecitabine against <i>S. aureus</i> strains ranged from 125 to 250 µg/ml, and capecitabine was therapeutically effective at a dose of 200 mg/kg in a murine model of <i>S. aureus</i> infection. These results suggest that silkworm-based drug repositioning studies are of potential value. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of capecitabine demonstrated in this study provide an important scientific rationale for clinical observational studies examining the association between staphylococcal infection events and capecitabine administration in cancer chemotherapy patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9661875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Enterococcus faecalis Colonizes and Forms Persistent Biofilm Microcolonies on Undamaged Endothelial Surfaces in a Rabbit Endovascular Infection Model\".","authors":"Aaron M T Barnes","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab014.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/76/xtab018.PMC8684440.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39749337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological characteristics of bacteremias among COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Greece during the second epidemic wave.","authors":"Efthymia Protonotariou,&nbsp;Paraskevi Mantzana,&nbsp;Georgios Meletis,&nbsp;Areti Tychala,&nbsp;Angeliki Kassomenaki,&nbsp;Olga Vasilaki,&nbsp;Georgia Kagkalou,&nbsp;Ioanna Gkeka,&nbsp;Maria Archonti,&nbsp;Styliani Kati,&nbsp;Simeon Metallidis,&nbsp;Lemonia Skoura","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northern Greece was struck by an intense second COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) epidemic wave during the fall of 2020. Because of the coinciding silent epidemic of multidrug-resistant organisms, the handling of COVID-19 patients became even more challenging. In the present study, the microbiological characteristics of bacteremias in confirmed cases of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were determined. Data from 1165 patients hospitalized between September and December 2020 were reviewed regarding the frequency of bloodstream infections, the epidemiology and the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the causative bacteria. The hospital's antibiotic susceptibility data for all major nosocomial pathogens isolated from bacteremias of COVID-19 patients between September and December 2020 versus those between September and December 2019 were also compared. Overall, 122 patients developed bacteremia (10.47%). The average of time interval between hospitalization date and development of bacteremia was 13.98 days. Admission to ICU occurred in 98 out of 122 patients with an average stay time of 15.85 days and 90.81% in-hospital mortality. In total, 166 pathogens were recovered including 114 Gram-negative bacteria and 52 Gram-positive cocci. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> was the most frequent (<i>n</i> = 51) followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 45) and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (<i>n</i> = 31). Bacteremias in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were related with prolonged time of hospitalization and higher in-hospital mortality, and the isolated microorganisms represented the bacterial species that were present in our hospital before the COVID-19 pandemic. Worryingly, the antibiotic resistance rates were increased compared with the pre-pandemic era for all major opportunistic bacterial pathogens. The pandemic highlighted the need for continuous surveillance of patients with prolonged hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40308977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 corroborates heightened community infection during the initial peak of COVID-19 in Bexar County, Texas.","authors":"Haya Al-Duroobi, Sina V Moghadam, Duc C Phan, Arash Jafarzadeh, Akanksha Matta, Vikram Kapoor","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater at the Salitrillo Wastewater Treatment Plant in Texas during the initial peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Raw wastewater influent (24 h composite, time-based 1 L samples, <i>n</i> = 13) was collected weekly during June-August 2020. We measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater by reverse transcription droplet digital PCR using the same N1 and N2 primer sets as employed in COVID-19 clinical testing. Virus RNA copies for positive samples (77%) ranged from 1.4 × 10² to 4.1 × 10⁴ copies per liter of wastewater, and exhibited both increasing and decreasing trends, which corresponded well with the COVID-19 weekly infection rate (N1: ρ = 0.558, <i>P</i> = 0.048; N2: ρ = 0.487, <i>P</i> = 0.092). A sharp increase in virus RNA concentrations was observed during July sampling dates, consistent with the highest number of COVID-19 cases reported. This could be attributed to an increase in the spread of COVID-19 infection due to the Fourth of July holiday week gatherings (outdoor gatherings were limited to 100 people during that time). Our data show that wastewater surveillance is an effective tool to determine trends in infectious disease prevalence, and provide complementary information to clinical testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/de/xtab015.PMC10117867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9667296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeal pseudomurein and bacterial murein cell wall biosynthesis share a common evolutionary ancestry.","authors":"Bishwa P Subedi, William F Martin, Vincenzo Carbone, Eduardus C Duin, Bryan Cronin, Julia Sauter, Linley R Schofield, Andrew J Sutherland-Smith, Ron S Ronimus","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria near-universally contain a cell wall sacculus of murein (peptidoglycan), the synthesis of which has been intensively studied for over 50 years. In striking contrast, archaeal species possess a variety of other cell wall types, none of them closely resembling murein. Interestingly though, one type of archaeal cell wall termed pseudomurein found in the methanogen orders Methanobacteriales and Methanopyrales is a structural analogue of murein in that it contains a glycan backbone that is cross-linked by a L-amino acid peptide. Here, we present taxonomic distribution, gene cluster and phylogenetic analyses that confirm orthologues of 13 bacterial murein biosynthesis enzymes in pseudomurein-containing methanogens, most of which are distantly related to their bacterial counterparts. We also present the first structure of an archaeal pseudomurein peptide ligase from <i>Methanothermus fervidus</i> DSM1088 (Mfer336) to a resolution of 2.5 Å and show that it possesses a similar overall tertiary three domain structure to bacterial MurC and MurD type murein peptide ligases. Taken together the data strongly indicate that murein and pseudomurein biosynthetic pathways share a common evolutionary history.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/55/xtab012.PMC10117817.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater monitoring, surveillance and epidemiology: a review of terminology for a common understanding.","authors":"David A Larsen, Hyatt Green, Mary B Collins, Brittany L Kmush","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic saw an unprecedented uptake in bottom-up efforts to incorporate community wastewater testing to inform public health. While not a new strategy, various specialized scientific advancements were achieved to establish links between wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and public health outcomes. Maximizing public health benefit requires collaboration among a broad range of disciplinary experts, each bringing their own historical context to the central goal of protecting human health. One challenge has been a lack of shared terminology. Standardized terminology would provide common ground for this rapidly growing field. Based on the review herein, we recommend categorical usage of the term 'wastewater-based epidemiology' to describe the science of relating microbes, chemicals or other analytes in wastewater to public health. We further recommend the term 'wastewater surveillance' to describe continuous monitoring of health outcomes (either microbes or chemicals) via wastewater. We suggest that 'wastewater tracking' and 'wastewater tracing' be used in more narrow ways, specifically when trying to find the source of a health risk. Finally, we suggest that the phrase 'wastewater monitoring' be abandoned, except in rare circumstances when ensuring wastewater discharge is safe from a public health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/0e/xtab011.PMC8499728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating between the possibility and probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with wastewater: empirical evidence is needed to substantiate risk.","authors":"Warish Ahmed, Kyle Bibby, Patrick M D'Aoust, Robert Delatolla, Charles P Gerba, Charles N Haas, Kerry A Hamilton, Joanne Hewitt, Timothy R Julian, Devrim Kaya, Paul Monis, Laurent Moulin, Colleen Naughton, Rachel T Noble, Abhilasha Shrestha, Ananda Tiwari, Stuart L Simpson, Sebastien Wurtzer, Aaron Bivins","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":" ","pages":"xtab007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive history of motility and Archaellation in Archaea.","authors":"Ken F Jarrell, Sonja-Verena Albers, J Nuno de Sousa Machado","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each of the three Domains of life, Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea, have swimming structures that were all originally called flagella, despite the fact that none were evolutionarily related to either of the other two. Surprisingly, this was true even in the two prokaryotic Domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Beginning in the 1980s, evidence gradually accumulated that convincingly demonstrated that the motility organelle in Archaea was unrelated to that found in Bacteria, but surprisingly shared significant similarities to type IV pili. This information culminated in the proposal, in 2012, that the 'archaeal flagellum' be assigned a new name, the archaellum. In this review, we provide a historical overview on archaella and motility research in Archaea, beginning with the first simple observations of motile extreme halophilic archaea a century ago up to state-of-the-art cryo-tomography of the archaellum motor complex and filament observed today. In addition to structural and biochemical data which revealed the archaellum to be a type IV pilus-like structure repurposed as a rotating nanomachine (Beeby <i>et al</i>. 2020), we also review the initial discoveries and subsequent advances using a wide variety of approaches to reveal: complex regulatory events that lead to the assembly of the archaellum filaments (archaellation); the roles of the various archaellum proteins; key post-translational modifications of the archaellum structural subunits; evolutionary relationships; functions of archaella other than motility and the biotechnological potential of this fascinating structure. The progress made in understanding the structure and assembly of the archaellum is highlighted by comparing early models to what is known today.</p>","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"2 ","pages":"xtab002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/dd/xtab002.PMC10117864.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}