FEMS microbes最新文献_第9页

An artificial coculture fermentation system for industrial propanol production. 用于工业丙醇生产的人工共培养发酵系统。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac013

Rémi Hocq, Michael Sauer

{"title":"An artificial coculture fermentation system for industrial propanol production.","authors":"Rémi Hocq, Michael Sauer","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac013","url":null,"abstract":"Converting plant biomass into biofuels and biochemicals via microbial fermentation has received considerable attention in the quest for finding renewable energies and materials. Most approaches have so far relied on cultivating a single microbial strain, tailored for a specific purpose. However, this contrasts to how nature works, where microbial communities rather than single species perform all tasks. In artificial coculture systems, metabolic synergies are rationally designed by carefully selecting and simultaneously growing different microbes, taking advantage of the broader metabolic space offered by the use of multiple organisms. 1-propanol and 2-propanol, as biofuels and precursors for propylene, are interesting target molecules to valorize plant biomass. Some solventogenic Clostridia can naturally produce 2-propanol in the so-called Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE) fermentation, by coupling 2-propanol synthesis to acetate and butyrate reduction into ethanol and 1-butanol. In this work, we hypothesized propanoate would be converted into 1-propanol by the IBE metabolism, while driving at the same time 2-propanol synthesis. We first verified this hypothesis and chose two propionic acid bacteria (PAB) strains as propanoate producers. While consecutive PAB and IBE fermentations only resulted in low propanol titers, coculturing Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Clostridium beijerinckii at various inoculation ratios yielded much higher solvent concentrations, with as much as 21 g/l of solvents (58% increase compared to C. beijerinckii monoculture) and 12 g/l of propanol (98% increase). Taken together, our results underline how artificial cocultures can be used to foster metabolic synergies, increasing fermentative performances and orienting the carbon flow towards a desired product.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/63/xtac013.PMC10117871.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9653267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analysis of pCl107 a large plasmid carried by an ST25 Acinetobacter baumannii strain reveals a complex evolutionary history and links to multiple antibiotic resistance and metabolic pathways. 对鲍曼不动杆菌ST25携带的大质粒pCl107的分析揭示了其复杂的进化历史，并与多种抗生素耐药和代谢途径有关。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac027

Rayane Rafei, Jonathan Koong, Marwan Osman, Ahmad Al Atrouni, Monzer Hamze, Mehrad Hamidian

{"title":"Analysis of pCl107 a large plasmid carried by an ST25 Acinetobacter baumannii strain reveals a complex evolutionary history and links to multiple antibiotic resistance and metabolic pathways.","authors":"Rayane Rafei, Jonathan Koong, Marwan Osman, Ahmad Al Atrouni, Monzer Hamze, Mehrad Hamidian","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac027","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii has successfully spread during the last decades as one of the main critically important pathogens. However, many aspects including plasmids, are still under-investigated. Here, we report the complete sequence of an Acinetobacter baumannii strain, belonging to the ST25IP (Institut Pasteur) sequence type recovered in 2012 in Lebanon, using a combination of Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore sequencing and a hybrid assembly approach. This strain (Cl107) carries a 198 kb plasmid called pCl107 that encodes the MPFI conjugative transfer system. The plasmid carries the aacA1, aacC2, sul2, strAB, and tetA(B) antibiotic resistance genes. pCl107 region encompassing the sul2, strAB, tetA(B) is closely related to AbGRI1 chromosomal resistance islands, which are widespread in A. baumannii strains belonging to Global Clone 2. The resistance region found in pCl107 is one of the missing links in the evolutionary history of the AbGRI1 islands. pCl107 also contains a BREX Type 1 region and represents one of the two main evolution patterns observed in BREX clusters found in plasmids related to pCl107. pCl107 also harbours a ptx phosphonate metabolism module, which plays an ancestral structure compared to other large plasmids in ST25 strains. While the uric acid metabolic module found in pCl107 is incomplete, we identified possible ancestors from plasmids and chromosomes of Acinetobacter spp. Our analyses indicate a complex evolutionary history of plasmids related to pCl107 with many links to multiple antibiotic resistance and metabolic pathways.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9653268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Structure of the Pf12 and Pf41 heterodimeric complex of Plasmodium falciparum 6-cysteine proteins. 恶性疟原虫6-半胱氨酸蛋白Pf12和Pf41异二聚体复合物的结构。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac005

Melanie H Dietrich, Li-Jin Chan, Amy Adair, Coralie Boulet, Matthew T O'Neill, Li Lynn Tan, Sravya Keremane, Yee-Foong Mok, Alvin W Lo, Paul Gilson, Wai-Hong Tham

{"title":"Structure of the Pf12 and Pf41 heterodimeric complex of Plasmodium falciparum 6-cysteine proteins.","authors":"Melanie H Dietrich, Li-Jin Chan, Amy Adair, Coralie Boulet, Matthew T O'Neill, Li Lynn Tan, Sravya Keremane, Yee-Foong Mok, Alvin W Lo, Paul Gilson, Wai-Hong Tham","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac005","url":null,"abstract":"During the different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle, surface-associated proteins establish key interactions with the host and play critical roles in parasite survival. The 6-cysteine (6-cys) protein family is one of the most abundant surface antigens and expressed throughout the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. This protein family is conserved across Plasmodium species and plays critical roles in parasite transmission, evasion of the host immune response and host cell invasion. Several 6-cys proteins are present on the parasite surface as hetero-complexes but it is not known how two 6-cys proteins interact together. Here, we present a crystal structure of Pf12 bound to Pf41 at 2.85 Å resolution, two P. falciparum proteins usually found on the parasite surface of late schizonts and merozoites. Our structure revealed two critical interfaces required for complex formation with important implications on how different 6-cysteine proteins may interact with each other. Using structure-function analyses, we identified important residues for Pf12-Pf41 complex formation. In addition, we generated 16 nanobodies against Pf12 and Pf41 and showed that several Pf12-specific nanobodies inhibit Pf12-Pf41 complex formation. Using X-ray crystallography, we were able to describe the structural mechanism of an inhibitory nanobody in blocking Pf12-Pf41 complex formation. Future studies using these inhibitory nanobodies will be useful to determine the functional role of these two 6-cys proteins in malaria parasites.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8930183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Infection with different human influenza A subtypes affects the period of susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in ferrets. 不同人类甲型流感亚型感染对雪貂继发性细菌感染的易感期有影响。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac011

Edin J Mifsud, Rubaiyea Farrukee, Aeron C Hurt, Patrick C Reading, Ian G Barr

{"title":"Infection with different human influenza A subtypes affects the period of susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in ferrets.","authors":"Edin J Mifsud, Rubaiyea Farrukee, Aeron C Hurt, Patrick C Reading, Ian G Barr","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac011","url":null,"abstract":"It is well-established that influenza virus infections predispose individuals to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs), which may result in a range of clinical outcomes from relatively mild (e.g. sinusitis and otitis media) to severe (e.g. pneumonia and septicaemia). The most common bacterial pathogen associated with SBI following influenza virus infections is Streptococcus pneumoniae(SPN). Of circulating human seasonal influenza viruses, influenza A viruses (IAV) of both the A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) subtypes are associated with severe disease but have differing hospitalisation and complication rates. To study the interplay of these two IAV subtypes with SBI, we used a ferret model of influenza infection followed by secondary challenge with a clinical strain of SPN to determine the severity and the period of susceptibility for SBI. Ferrets challenged with SPN 5 days after infection with A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses developed severe disease that required euthanasia. When the time between viral infection and bacterial challenge was extended, A/H1N1pdm09-infected animals remained susceptible to SBI- for up to 10 days after the viral infection. For A(H3N2)- but not A(H1N1)pdm09-infected ferrets, susceptibility to SBI-associated disease could be extended out to 16 days postviral infection. While caution should be taken when extrapolating animal models to human infections, the differences between A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 strains in duration of susceptibility to SBI observed in the ferret model, may provide some insight regarding the higher rates of SBI-associated disease associated with some strains of A(H3N2) viruses in humans.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9660443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Long-term survival of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains in mixed cultures under electron acceptor and ammonium limitation. 电子受体和铵盐限制下麦卡蒂代盐球虫在混合培养中的长期存活。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac021

Nadia Morson, Olivia Molenda, Katherine J Picott, Ruth E Richardson, Elizabeth A Edwards

{"title":"Long-term survival of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains in mixed cultures under electron acceptor and ammonium limitation.","authors":"Nadia Morson, Olivia Molenda, Katherine J Picott, Ruth E Richardson, Elizabeth A Edwards","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac021","url":null,"abstract":"Few strains of Dehalococcoides mccartyi harbour and express the vinyl chloride reductase (VcrA) that catalyzes the dechlorination of vinyl chloride (VC), a carcinogenic soil and groundwater contaminant. The vcrA operon is found on a Genomic Island (GI) and, therefore, believed to participate in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To try to induce HGT of the vcrA-GI, we blended two enrichment cultures in medium without ammonium while providing VC. We hypothesized that these conditions would select for a mutant strain of D. mccartyi that could both fix nitrogen and respire VC. However, after more than 4 years of incubation, we found no evidence for HGT of the vcrA-GI. Rather, we observed VC-dechlorinating activity attributed to the trichloroethene reductase TceA. Sequencing and protein modelling revealed a mutation in the predicted active site of TceA, which may have influenced substrate specificity. We also identified two nitrogen-fixing D. mccartyi strains in the KB-1 culture. The presence of multiple strains of D. mccartyi with distinct phenotypes is a feature of natural environments and certain enrichment cultures (such as KB-1), and may enhance bioaugmentation success. The fact that multiple distinct strains persist in the culture for decades and that we could not induce HGT of the vcrA-GI suggests that it is not as mobile as predicted, or that mobility is restricted in ways yet to be discovered to specific subclades of Dehalococcoides.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10035913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improving correlation of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 gene copy numbers with COVID-19 public health cases using readily available biomarkers. 使用现成的生物标志物改善废水SARS-CoV-2基因拷贝数与新冠肺炎公共卫生病例的相关性。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac010

Justin M Hutchison, Zhengxi Li, Chi-Ning Chang, Yasawantha Hiripitiyage, Megan Wittman, Belinda S M Sturm

{"title":"Improving correlation of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 gene copy numbers with COVID-19 public health cases using readily available biomarkers.","authors":"Justin M Hutchison, Zhengxi Li, Chi-Ning Chang, Yasawantha Hiripitiyage, Megan Wittman, Belinda S M Sturm","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac010","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential role that wastewater-based epidemiology can play in assessing aggregate community health. However, efforts to translate SARS-CoV-2 gene copy numbers obtained from wastewater samples into meaningful community health indicators are nascent. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) genes (N1 and N2) were quantified weekly using reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR from two municipal wastewater treatment plants for seven months. Four biomarkers (ammonium, biological oxygen demand (BOD), creatinine, and human mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) were quantified and used to normalize SARS-CoV-2 gene copy numbers. These were correlated to daily new case data and one-, two-, and three-week cumulative case data. Over the course of the study, the strongest correlations were observed with a one-day case data lag. However, early measurements were strongly correlated with a five-day case data lag. This indicates that in the early stages of the pandemic, the wastewater samples may have indicated active COVID-19 cases before clinical indications. Mitochondrial and creatinine normalization methods showed the strongest correlations throughout the study, indicating that human-specific biomarkers were better at normalizing wastewater data than ammonium or BOD. Granger causality tests supported this observation and showed that gene copies in wastewater could be predictive of new cases in a sewershed.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/e2/xtac010.PMC9480869.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9633403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Concentrations of mesophilic bacteria in a poultry farm over two fattening periods focusing on the presence of staphylococci and enterococci. 两个育肥期家禽养殖场中嗜酸性细菌的浓度，重点是葡萄球菌和肠球菌的存在。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac023

Doris Haas, Tea Miskovic, Theresa Fritz, Herbert Galler, Juliana Habib, Sabine Köck, Michael Kropsch, Peter Pless, Martin Stonitsch, Eduard Zentner, Franz F Reinthaler

{"title":"Concentrations of mesophilic bacteria in a poultry farm over two fattening periods focusing on the presence of staphylococci and enterococci.","authors":"Doris Haas, Tea Miskovic, Theresa Fritz, Herbert Galler, Juliana Habib, Sabine Köck, Michael Kropsch, Peter Pless, Martin Stonitsch, Eduard Zentner, Franz F Reinthaler","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac023","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing animal numbers have a potential impact on the air quality of stables. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial load in the barn air from the day of entry of the chickens to the day of removal for slaughter. A total of 10 measurements in two fattening periods were conducted in a poultry farm with a capacity of 400 chickens in Styria, Austria. The samples were collected with an Air-Sampling Impinger for the investigation of mesophilic bacteria, staphylococci and enterococci. Chicken skin swab samples were collected to detect Staphylococcus aureus. The total colony forming units per cubic meter of mesophilic bacteria of the first measurement series of period I was 7.8 × 104 and increased to 1.4 × 108 at the end and at the fattening period II it increased from 2.5 × 105 to 4.2 × 107. In the measurement series of the fattening period I, the concentration of Staphylococcus spp. increased from 0 to 4.9 × 107 CFUs/m3 and from 0 to 2.1 × 107 CFUs/m3 in the fattening period II. Staphylococcus aureus could not be found on the chicken skin. An interesting finding was the increase of staphylococci while the intestinal enterococci were not detectable in the air of the barn toward the end of both fattening periods.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117851/pdf/xtac023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9653274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bacteriophages in sewage: abundance, roles, and applications. 污水中的噬菌体:丰度、作用和应用。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac009

Elisenda Ballesté, Anicet R Blanch, Maite Muniesa, Cristina García-Aljaro, Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio, Julia Martín-Díaz, Miriam Pascual-Benito, J Jofre

{"title":"Bacteriophages in sewage: abundance, roles, and applications.","authors":"Elisenda Ballesté, Anicet R Blanch, Maite Muniesa, Cristina García-Aljaro, Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio, Julia Martín-Díaz, Miriam Pascual-Benito, J Jofre","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac009","url":null,"abstract":"The raw sewage that flows through sewage systems contains a complex microbial community whose main source is the human gut microbiome, with bacteriophages being as abundant as bacteria or even more so. Phages that infect common strains of the human gut bacteriome and transient bacterial pathogens have been isolated in raw sewage, as have other phages corresponding to non-sewage inputs. Although human gut phages do not seem to replicate during their transit through the sewers, they predominate at the entrance of wastewater treatment plants, inside which the dominant populations of bacteria and phages undergo a swift change. The sheer abundance of phages in the sewage virome prompts several questions, some of which are addressed in this review. There is growing concern about their potential role in the horizontal transfer of genes, including those related with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, some phages that infect human gut bacteria are being used as indicators of fecal/viral water pollution and as source tracking markers and have been introduced in water quality legislation. Other potential applications of enteric phages to control bacterial pathogens in sewage or undesirable bacteria that impede the efficacy of wastewater treatments, including biofilm formation on membranes, are still being researched.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/e6/xtac009.PMC10117732.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10035912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Anti-malarial plants in Ethiopia and their activities on drug-resistant malaria. 埃塞俄比亚的抗疟疾植物及其抗耐药性疟疾的活动。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac001

Yimeslal Atnafu Sema, Teshale Areda Waktola

{"title":"Anti-malarial plants in Ethiopia and their activities on drug-resistant malaria.","authors":"Yimeslal Atnafu Sema, Teshale Areda Waktola","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtac001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtac001","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, the impacts of malaria continue to cause a many number of morbidity and mortality that accounts to most-outpatient observations. Ethiopia recently designed to attain nationwide malaria control by 2030 by beginning sub-national elimination in districts with low malaria transmission. However, the rise of drug-resistant parasites, especially Plasmodium falciparum hinder the malaria-containment strategies. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are dispersed all over Ethiopia, and account for 60% and 40% of malaria cases, respectively. The aim of this report was to overview the phytochemical constituents, diversity, and effect of some compound extracts on drug-resistant plasmodium species. Many plant species, a total 200 identified by 82 studies, are used in traditional malaria treatments throughout the country. Allium sativum, Croton macrostachyus, and Carica papaya were the more frequently used medicinal plant species. There are so many phytochemical constituents found in medicinal plants used to treat malaria. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glycosides are the most-reported for their effective activity on drug-resistant malaria.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtac001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9665819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macromolecular composition and substrate range of three marine fungi across major cell types. 三种海洋真菌在主要细胞类型中的大分子组成和底物范围。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab019

Seth Thomas, Sabine K Lengger, Kimberley E Bird, Ro Allen, Michael Cunliffe

{"title":"Macromolecular composition and substrate range of three marine fungi across major cell types.","authors":"Seth Thomas, Sabine K Lengger, Kimberley E Bird, Ro Allen, Michael Cunliffe","doi":"10.1093/femsmc/xtab019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsmc/xtab019","url":null,"abstract":"Marine fungi exist as three major cell types: unicellular yeasts, filamentous hyphae and zoosporic early-diverging forms, such as the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). To begin to understand the ecological and biogeochemical influence of these cell types within the wider context of other plankton groups, cell size and macromolecular composition must be assessed across all three cell types. Using a mass-balance approach to culture, we describe quantitative differences in substrate uptake and subsequent macromolecular distribution in three model marine fungi: the yeast Metschnikowia zobellii, the filamentous Epicoccum nigrum and chytrid Rhizophydium littoreum. We compared these model cell types with select oleaginous phytoplankton of specific biotechnological interest through metanalysis. We hypothesise that fungal cell types will maintain a significantly different macromolecular composition to one another and further represent an alternative grazing material to bacterioplankton and phytoplankton for higher trophic levels. Assessment of carbon substrate range and utilisation using phenotype arrays suggests that marine fungi have a wide substrate range. Fungi also process organic matter to an elevated-lipid macromolecular composition with reduced-protein content. Because of their size and increased lipid composition compared to other plankton groups, we propose that fungi represent a compositionally distinct, energy-rich grazing resource in marine ecosystems. We propose that marine fungi could act as vectors of organic matter transfer across trophic boundaries, and supplement our existing understanding of the microbial loop and carbon transfer in marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":73024,"journal":{"name":"FEMS microbes","volume":"3 ","pages":"xtab019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/1d/xtab019.PMC10117802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9660446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4