F&S science最新文献

{"title":"An integrative analysis of endometrial steroid metabolism and transcriptome in relation to endometrial receptivity in in vitro fertilization patients","authors":"Linda B.P.M. Stevens Brentjens M.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Darina Obukhova M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Janneke E. den Hartog M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bert Delvoux M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Johanna Koskivuori M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Seppo Auriola Prof. ,&nbsp;Merja R. Häkkinen Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bich N. Bui M.D. ,&nbsp;Nienke E. van Hoogenhuijze M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shari Mackens M.D., Prof. ,&nbsp;Femke Mol M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jan Peter de Bruin M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dagmar Besselink M.D. ,&nbsp;Gijs Teklenburg M.D., Ph.D ,&nbsp;Viktorija Kukushkina M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Andres Salumets Prof. ,&nbsp;Frank J.M. Broekmans M.D., Prof. ,&nbsp;Ron J.T. van Golde M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Masoud Zamani Esteki Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Andrea Romano Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the relationship between the steroid concentration in the endometrium, in serum, and the gene expression level of steroid-metabolizing enzymes in the context of endometrial receptivity in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Case-control study of 40 IVF patients recruited in the SCRaTCH study (NTR5342), a randomized controlled trial investigating pregnancy outcome after “endometrial scratching.” Endometrial biopsies and serum were obtained from patients with a first failed IVF cycle randomized to the endometrial scratch in the midluteal phase of the natural cycle before the next fresh embryo transfer during the second IVF cycle.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>University hopsital.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>Twenty women with clinical pregnancy were compared with 20 women who did not conceive after fresh embryo transfer. Cases and controls were matched for primary vs. secondary infertility, embryo quality, and age.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>None.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>Steroid concentrations in endometrial tissue homogenates and serum were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The endometrial transcriptome was profiled by RNA-sequencing, followed by principal component analysis and differential expression analysis. False discovery rate-adjusted and log-fold change &gt;|0.5| were selected as the threshold for differentially expressed genes.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Estrogen levels were comparable in both serum (n = 16) and endometrium (n = 40). Androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were higher in serum than that in endometrium. Although steroid levels did not vary between pregnant and nonpregnant groups, subgroup analysis of primary women with infertility showed a significantly lower estrone concentration and estrone:androstenedione ratio in serum of the pregnant group (n = 5) compared with the nonpregnant group (n = 2). Expression of 34 out of 46 genes encoding the enzymes controlling the local steroid metabolism was detected, and estrogen receptor β gene was differentially expressed between pregnant and nonpregnant women. When only the primary infertile group was considered, 28 genes were differentially expressed between pregnant and nonpregnant women, including <em>HSD11B2</em>, that catalyzes the conversion of cortisol into cortisone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Steroidomic and transcriptomic analyses show that steroid concentrations are regulated by the local metabolism in the endometrium. Although no differences were found in endometrial steroid concentration in the pregnant and nonpregnant IVF patients, primary women with infertility showed deviations in steroid levels and gene expression, indicating that a more homogeneous patient group is required to uncover the exact role of steroid metabolism in endometrial receptivity.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registration Number</h3><p>The study","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the impact of varicocele on sperm capacitation","authors":"Rhayza Roberta Andretta Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Letícia Signori de Castro Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Renata Cristina de Carvalho M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Jheysson Alfredo Cordeiro de Moura M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Renato Fraietta Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Fatima Kazue Okada Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To study the relationship between the seminal sample quality of men with varicocele and </span>sperm capacitation.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Academic hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>Seventy-six men (19 control and 57 with varicocele) were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Semen samples were submitted to a discontinuous density gradient for sperm selection. Sperm capacitation was induced using a human tubal fluid medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p><span>After capacitation induction, the sperm were assessed by capacitation state, computer-assisted sperm motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, </span>acrosome reaction<span>, and intracellular oxidative stress.</span></p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>The capacitation period increased sperm motility, showing an increase in the average path velocity and a decrease in the straightness compared with sperm before capacitation (paired analysis). After capacitation, the rate of capacitated sperm, motility, and mitochondrial activity showed differences between groups (control and varicocele). The varicocele group showed lower mitochondrial activity and capacitation than the control group. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the other variables evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Varicocele men showed less viable sperm and mitochondrial activity than control men after capacitation sperm. The induction of capacitation altered motility by increasing path velocity and decreasing straightness in all of the studied groups, evidencing the occurrence of hyperactivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10036779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous retrotransposons cause catastrophic deoxyribonucleic acid damage in human trophoblasts","authors":"Maurizio Mauro Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shan Wei Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Andrzej Breborowicz M.D. ,&nbsp;Xin Li Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Claudia Bognanni Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Zachary Fuller Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Thomas Philipp M.D. ,&nbsp;Torrin McDonald Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Miriam Temmeh Lattin B.A. ,&nbsp;Zev Williams M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the mechanistic role of mobile genetic elements in causing widespread DNA damage in primary human trophoblasts.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Experimental ex vivo study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Hospital-affiliated University.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p><span>Trophoblasts from a patient with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and patients with spontaneous and </span>elective abortions (n = 10).</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Biochemical and genetic analysis and modification of primary human trophoblasts.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p><span>To phenotype and systematically evaluate the underlying pathogenic mechanism for elevated DNA damage observed in trophoblasts derived from a patient with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, transcervical embryoscopy, G-band karyotyping, </span>RNA sequencing<span>, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting<span>, biochemical and siRNA assays, and whole-genome sequencing were performed.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Transcervical embryoscopy revealed a severely dysmorphic embryo that was euploid on G-band karyotyping. RNA sequencing was notable for markedly elevated LINE-1 expression, confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and that resulted in elevated expression of LINE-1-encoded proteins, as shown by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence<span>, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that overexpression of LINE-1 caused reversible widespread genomic damage and apoptosis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>Derepression of LINE-1 elements in early trophoblasts results in reversible but widespread DNA damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"William H. Catherino M.D., Ph.D. (Editor-in-Chief, Fertility and Sterility - Science)","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Page 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of parental carrier of de novo mutated vs. inherited balanced reciprocal translocation on the chance of euploid embryos","authors":"Jialin Zou M.D. ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Ni M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Min Yang M.D. ,&nbsp;Hongchang Li M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ming Gao M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yueting Zhu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Wenjie Jiang M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Junhao Yan M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Daimin Wei M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Zi-Jiang Chen M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate whether the effect of de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation on the rate of euploid embryos varied from inherited balanced reciprocal translocation.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A retrospective cohort study compared the percentage of euploid embryo and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo between de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e., the group of de novo mutated carriers) and inherited balanced reciprocal translocation (i.e., the group of inherited carriers).</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>An academic fertility center.</p></div><div><h3>Patient(s)</h3><p>A total of 413 couples with balanced reciprocal translocation (219 female carriers and 194 male carriers) who underwent their first cycle of preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements were included.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention(s)</h3><p>Carriers of balanced reciprocal translocation either de novo mutated or inherited.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><p>The percentage of euploid embryo and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo.</p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>The carriers of the de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation had a lower percentage of euploid embryos (19.5% vs. 25.5%), and were less likely to have at least 1 euploid embryo (47.1% vs. 60.1%) compared with the carriers of the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation. In the male-carrier subgroup, the percentage of euploid embryos (16.7% vs. 26.7%) and proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo (41.9% vs. 67.5%) were lower among the de novo mutated carriers than those among the inherited carriers. However, in the female-carrier subgroup, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of euploid embryos (22.4% vs. 24.4%) or the proportion of patients with at least 1 euploid embryo (52.3% vs. 53.7%) between the de novo mutated carriers and inherited carriers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>The de novo mutated balanced reciprocal translocation was associated with a lower percentage of euploid embryos and lower chance of obtaining at least 1 euploid embryo than the inherited balanced reciprocal translocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10033990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulus cell co-culture in media drops does not improve rescue in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed immature oocytes","authors":"Catherine E. Gordon M.D. ,&nbsp;Catherine MH. Combelles Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Andrea Lanes Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jay Patel M. Sc. ,&nbsp;Catherine Racowsky Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess whether co-culture with vitrified-warmed cumulus cells<span> (CCs) in media drops improves rescue in vitro maturation (IVM) of previously vitrified immature oocytes. Previous studies have shown improved rescue IVM of fresh immature oocytes when cocultured with CCs in a three-dimensional matrix. However, the scheduling and workload of embryologists would benefit from a simpler IVM approach, particularly in the setting of time-sensitive oncofertility oocyte cryopreservation (OC) cases. Although the yield of developmentally competent mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes is increased when rescue IVM is performed before cryopreservation, it is unknown whether maturation of previously vitrified immature oocytes is improved after coculture with CCs in a simple system not involving a three-dimensional matrix.</span></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Randomized controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Academic hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>A total of 320 (160 germinal vesicles<span> [GVs] and 160 metaphase I [MI]) immature oocytes and autologous CC clumps were vitrified from patients who were undergoing planned OC or intracytoplasmic sperm injection from July 2020 until September 2021.</span></p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>On warming, the oocytes were randomized to culture in IVM media with CCs (+CC) or without CCs (-CC). Germinal vesicles and MI oocytes were cultured in 25 μL (SAGE IVM medium) for 32 hours and 20–22 hours, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Oocytes with a polar body (MII) were randomized to confocal microscopy<span> for analysis of spindle integrity and chromosomal alignment to assess nuclear maturity or to parthenogenetic activation to assess cytoplasmic maturity. Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables and the chi square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables assessed statistical significance. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patient demographic characteristics were similar for both the GV and MI groups after randomization to +CC vs. -CC. No statistically significant differences were observed between +CC vs. -CC groups regarding the percentage of MII from either GV (42.5% [34/80] vs. 52.5% [42/80]; RR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.57–1.15]) or MI (76.3% [61/80]; vs. 72.5% [58/80]; RR 1.05; 95% CI: 0.88–1.26]) oocytes. An increased percentage of GV-matured MIIs underwent parthenogenetic activation in the +CC group (92.3% [12/13] vs. 70.8% [17/24]), but the difference was not statistically significant (RR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.97–1.75), whereas the activation rate was identical for MI-matured oocytes (74.3% [26/35] vs. 75.0% [18/24], CC+ vs. CC-; RR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.74–1.32). No significant differences were observed between +CC vs. -CC groups for cleavage of parthenotes from GV-matured oocytes (91.7% [11/12] vs. 82.4% [14/17]) or blastulation (0 for both) or for MI-matured ","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewers of the Year 2022: F&S Science celebrates excellence in our world class reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 181-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing analysis of semen microbiome taxonomy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia vs. fertile controls: a pilot study","authors":"Katherine Campbell B.S. ,&nbsp;Maria Camila Suarez Arbelaez M.D. ,&nbsp;Armin Ghomeshi B.S. ,&nbsp;Emad Ibrahim M.D. ,&nbsp;Sabita Roy Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Praveen Singh Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kajal Khodamoradi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Aaron Miller Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Scott D. Lundy M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ranjith Ramasamy M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To study how the semen microbiome<span> profile in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) differs from that of fertile controls (FCs).</span></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA<span>, we sequenced semen samples from men with NOA (follicle-stimulating hormone &gt;10 IU/mL, testis volume &lt;10 mL) and FCs and performed a comprehensive taxonomic microbiome analysis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>All patients were identified during evaluation at the outpatient male andrology clinic at the University of Miami.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>In total, 33 adult men, including 14 diagnosed with NOA and 19 with proven paternity undergoing vasectomy, were enrolled.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Bacterial species in the semen microbiome were identified.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Alpha-diversity was similar between the groups, suggesting similar diversity within samples, whereas beta-diversity was different, suggesting differences in taxa between samples. In the NOA men, the phyla <span><em>Proteobacteria</em></span> and <span><em>Firmicutes</em></span> were underrepresented, and <em>Actinobacteriota</em> were overrepresented compared with FC men. At the genus level, <span><em>Enterococcus</em></span><span> was the most common amplicon sequence variant in both groups, whereas 5 genera differed significantly between the groups, including </span><span><em>Escherichia</em></span> and <span><em>Shigella</em><em>, Sneathia,</em></span> and <em>Raoutella</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study showed significant differences in the seminal microbiome between men with NOA and fertile men<em>.</em><span> These results suggest a loss of functional symbiosis may be associated with NOA. Further research into the characterization and clinical utility of the semen microbiome and its causal role in male infertility is necessary.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10527663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential roles of extracellular vesicles as a noninvasive tool for prenatal genetic diagnosis","authors":"Islam M. Saadeldin Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Seif Ehab B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Ayman A. Swelum Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The rate of infertility is increasing owing to genetic and environmental factors<span>. Consequently, assisted reproductive technology<span><span> has been introduced as an alternative. Bearing in mind the global trend toward the transfer of only one embryo, there is an increasing trend for assessing embryo quality before transfer through </span>prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD) tests. This ensures that the best-quality embryos are implanted into the uterus. In the in vitro fertilization cycle, PGD is not only used for </span></span></span>diseases or quality checks before embryo freezing but also for evaluating unfortunate risks, such as </span>aneuploidy<span><span>, signs of early abortions, and preterm birth. However, traditional preimplantation genetic testing and screening approaches are invasive and harm the health of both the mother and embryo, raising the risk of miscarriage. In the last decade, embryonic extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated and have emerged as a promising diagnostic tool. In this mini-review, we address the use of EVs as a noninvasive biomarker in PGD to test for biological hazards within the embryo without invading its cells. We summarize the state-of-the-art in the use of the embryo’s EV content, </span>genomic DNA<span>, messenger RNA, and microRNA in the spent culture medium and their relationship with embryo quality, successful implantation, and pregnancy.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9521378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal regulation of non-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ion channels in the endocervix","authors":"Mackenzie Roberts M.S. ,&nbsp;Shan Yao M.D. ,&nbsp;Shuhao Wei B.S. ,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Jensen M.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Leo Han M.D., M.P.H.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfss.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To characterize ion channel expression and localization in the endocervix under different hormonal conditions using a nonhuman primate primary endocervical epithelial cell model.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Experimental.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>University-based, translational science laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p><span>We cultured and treated conditionally reprogrammed primary rhesus macaque endocervix cells with estradiol and progesterone and measured gene expression changes for several known ion channel and ion channel regulators of </span>mucus<span> secreting epithelia. Using both rhesus macaque endocervical samples and human samples, we localized channels in the endocervix using immunohistochemistry.</span></p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>The relative abundance of transcripts was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunostaining results were evaluated qualitatively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with controls, we found that estradiol increased gene expression for <em>ANO6, NKCC1</em>, <span><em>CLCA1</em></span>, and <span><em>PDE4D</em></span>. Progesterone down-regulated gene expression for <em>ANO6</em>, <span><em>SCNN1A</em></span>, <em>SCNN1B</em>, <em>NKCC1</em>, and <em>PDE4D</em> (<em>P</em>≤.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed endocervical cell membrane localization of <span><em>ANO1</em></span>, <em>ANO6</em>, <span><em>KCNN4</em></span>, <em>LRR8CA</em>, <em>and NKCC1</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found several ion channels and ion channel regulators that are hormonally sensitive in the endocervix. These channels, therefore, may play a role in the cyclic fertility changes in the endocervix and could be further investigated as targets for future fertility and contraceptive studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73012,"journal":{"name":"F&S science","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10355220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9833508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}