Rachel C. Nordberg Ph.D. , Renata S. Magalhaes M.D., Ph.D. , Irene Cervelló Ph.D. , J.Koudy Williams D.V.M. , Anthony Atala M.D. , Elizabeth G. Loboa Ph.D.
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Abstract
Objective
To assess the in vivo biomechanical maturation of tissue-engineered neo-uteri that have previously supported live births in a rabbit model.
Design
Nonclinical animal study.
Setting
University-based research laboratory.
Animals
Eighteen adult female rabbits.
Intervention
Biodegradable poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide-coated polyglycolic acid scaffolds seeded with autologous uterine-derived endometrial and myometrial cells. Nonseeded scaffolds and seeded, tissue-engineered neo-uteri were implanted into one uterine horn of rabbits for 1, 3, or 6 months, excised, and biomechanically assessed in comparison to native uterine tissue.
Main Outcome Measures
Tensile stress-relaxation testing, strain-to-failure testing, and viscoelastic modeling.
Results
By evaluating the biomechanical data with several viscoelastic models, it was revealed that tissue-engineered uteri were more mechanically robust than nonseeded scaffolds. For example, the 10% instantaneous stress of the tissue-engineered neo-uteri was 2.1 times higher than the nonseeded scaffolds at the 1-month time point, 1.6 times higher at the 3-month time point, and 1.5 times higher at the 6-month time point. Additionally, as the duration of implantation increased, the engineered constructs became more mechanically robust (e.g., 10% instantaneous stress of the tissue-engineered neo-uteri increased from 22 kPa at 1 month to 42 kPa at 6 months). Compared with native tissue values, tissue-engineered neo-uteri achieved or surpassed native tissue values by the 6-month time point.
Conclusion
The present study evaluated the mechanical characteristics of novel tissue-engineered neo-uteri that have previously been reported to support live births in the rabbit model. We demonstrate that the biomechanics of these implants closely resemble those of native tissue, giving further credence to their development as a clinical solution to uterine factor infertility.
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