F&S reviews最新文献

{"title":"Antimüllerian hormone use and misuse in current reproductive medicine practice: a clinically oriented review","authors":"Molly Quinn M.D. ,&nbsp;Marcelle I. Cedars M.D. ,&nbsp;Heather G. Huddleston M.D. ,&nbsp;Nanette Santoro M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Antimüllerian hormone<span> (AMH) was originally discovered because of its role in suppressing the uterine and tubal structures during male sexual development. It has since become a valuable adjunct to the practice of reproductive endocrinology in several avenues. The ability of AMH to provide useful, albeit indirect, information regarding the size of the </span></span>ovarian follicle pool has been used successfully for predicting </span>ovarian reserve<span><span>, forecasting the time to menopause, supporting the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome<span> and predicting the response to treatment, and assisting in dose selection for women undergoing </span></span>assisted reproductive technology<span>. However, the enthusiasm for AMH as a relatively new tool in the armamentarium of the reproductive endocrinologist must be tempered by its limitations. Although AMH is helpful in ascertaining the quantity of remaining ovarian follicles, it does not provide information about follicle quality. Therefore, using AMH to forecast fertility potential can be fraught with error and can drive unwarranted medical treatment. Certain conditions and medications can also result in falsely low AMH determinations, which can again lead to inappropriate treatment recommendations. The knowledge of the proven usefulness of AMH and its limitations is therefore critical for optimal clinical practice.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91673311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy for recurrent pregnancy loss: a reappraisal","authors":"Geneviève Genest M.D. ,&nbsp;Walaa Almasri M.D. ,&nbsp;Shorooq Banjar M.D. ,&nbsp;Coralie Beauchamp M.D. ,&nbsp;William Buckett M.D. ,&nbsp;Frederick Dzineku M.D. ,&nbsp;Ezgi Demirtas M.D. ,&nbsp;Phil Gold M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Michael H. Dahan M.D. ,&nbsp;Wael Jamal M.D. ,&nbsp;Isaac Jacques Kadoch M.D. ,&nbsp;Louise Lapensée M.D. ,&nbsp;Neal Mahutte M.D. ,&nbsp;Pierre Miron M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Camille Sylvestre M.D. ,&nbsp;Togas Tulandi M.D. ,&nbsp;Ciriaco A. Piccirillo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carl A. Laskin M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Recurrent pregnancy loss<span> (RPL) is frequently encountered in the outpatient setting. Despite extensive investigation, up to 50% of patients will be diagnosed with idiopathic RPL, for which no effective treatment exists. While the immune system is intricately involved in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy, there are no validated diagnostic tests to confirm immune-mediated pregnancy loss. Therefore, </span></span>drugs<span><span> aiming to modulate or suppress the immune system are often used on speculation with limited scientific evidence. As the literature is heterogeneous and difficult to assimilate, we sought to provide the reader with an objective and comprehensive review of each type of treatment (progesterone, aspirin<span>, low-molecular-weight heparin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, human chorionic gonadotropin, corticosteroids, </span></span>Intralipids, and intravenous immunoglobulins), highlighting the possible mechanisms of action, potential efficacy or futility, and risks associated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the topic, provide a clinical guide for decision-making, and identify knowledge gaps required to harmonize practices and develop guidelines for suspected immune-mediated RPL management.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 24-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does intracytoplasmic sperm injection improve live birth rate when compared with conventional in vitro fertilization in non-male factor infertility? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Astrid de Bantel-Finet M.D. ,&nbsp;Elisangela Arbo M.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marina Colombani M.D. ,&nbsp;Bernadette Darné M.D. ,&nbsp;Vanessa Gallot M.D. ,&nbsp;Veronika Grzegorczyk-Martin M.D. ,&nbsp;Solène Languille Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Thomas Fréour Pharm.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To determine whether the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; (ICSI), which was initially developed for sperm abnormalities but has progressively expanded beyond male factor infertility, improves live birth rate (LBR) compared with conventional &lt;/span&gt;in vitro fertilization (IVF) in non-male factor infertility cases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Evidence Review&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This prospectively registered systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature reported between January 01, 2004, and March 15, 2020. Only articles conducted in couples without obvious male factor infertility according to the investigators were included. Live birth rate (LBR) per cycle and/or per transfer was used as the main outcome. &lt;/span&gt;Fertilization&lt;span&gt; rate, cycles with total fertilization failure, and clinical pregnancy rate were also recorded as the secondary outcomes. Study selection, bias assessment, and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Handbook methods and by the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. The risks of bias were assessed using the ROBIN-1 tools. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Among the 1,760 potentially eligible studies, 61 were fully assessed, and 21 were included in the meta-analysis, corresponding to almost 1,000,000 assisted reproductive technology cycles. Among the selected studies, 17 reported LBR per cycle, 11 reported LBR per transfer, and 7 among them reported both outcomes. One was a prospective &lt;/span&gt;randomized controlled trial, whereas others were either retrospective cohort (n=17) or case–control studies (n=4). Individual studies’ sample size ranged from 60 to 569,605 cycles. Meta-analysis showed that IVF provided a significantly higher LBR per cycle when compared with ICSI (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.18). LBR per transfer tended to be higher when IVF was used compared with ICSI, but this difference barely reached statistical significance (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00–1.38). Subgroup analysis performed in poor responders showed no significant difference between IVF and ICSI concerning LBR per cycle or LBR per transfer. The secondary analyses demonstrated a lower fertilization rate but comparable clinical pregnancy and fertilization failure rates with IVF compared with ICSI. Sensitivity analyses led to similar results and conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite its limitations, mainly related to the inclusion of most retrospective studies, this meta-analysis synthesizes and reinforces the existing literature and provides further evidence that ICSI does not impr","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91718306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The developmental significance of sperm-borne ribonucleic acids and their potential for use as diagnostic markers for male factor infertility","authors":"Matthew Hamilton B.H.Sc. ,&nbsp;Stewart Russell Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sergey Moskovtsev M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Krawetz Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Clifford Librach M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The clinical challenge of diagnosing male factor infertility leaves several male patients with an unidentified cause of subfertility and increases </span>time to pregnancy<span> among couples undergoing fertility treatment<span>. Traditionally assessed sperm characteristics inadequately predict male fertility<span> status, reinforcing the concept that the male gamete harbors intrinsic factors that may determine its competency in </span></span></span></span>fertilization<span><span> and development. In addition to an intricate, epigenetically marked genome, spermatozoa carry a diverse collection of both small and large ribonucleic acids (RNAs). A growing body of literature suggests these coding and noncoding spermatozoal RNAs are functional in the early embryo, contributing to normal preimplantation development and progression. Furthermore, this dynamic population of sperm-borne RNAs is altered as maturing sperm traverse the </span>male reproductive tract<span> and is susceptible to various environmental influences, directing the paternal RNAs that are delivered to the oocyte. Research into such modifications has demonstrated that sperm-borne RNAs may act as mediators of epigenetic inheritance, with significant influences on offspring development and phenotype. Preliminary findings suggest that a variety of small and large RNAs are differentially expressed among the fertile and infertile groups of animals and humans and have value as diagnostic markers of male fertility status. Further investigation is necessary to better characterize the role of sperm-borne RNA elements in fertilization and development and evaluate their potential use as clinical markers for male factor infertility.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91673286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of autophagy in the uterus: from physiological processes to endometriosis and uterine fibroids","authors":"Paola Marcolongo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Emilia Maellaro Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stefano Luisi M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endometriosis<span><span><span><span> and uterine fibroids<span> are 2 common gynecological disorders. Their pathophysiology remains unclear, although several different risk factors have been identified, including </span></span>genetic predisposition, hormones, and proinflammatory cytokines. The present review outlines the experimental evidence showing the role of autophagy in the physiology of the </span>endometrium and </span>myometrium<span> and emerging evidence that autophagy may contribute to the onset of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. The full definition of the role of autophagy is likely to lead to effective new pharmacologic treatments for these disorders.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47036301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Developmental Significance of Sperm-Borne RNAs and Their Potential for Use as Diagnostic Markers for Male Factor Infertility","authors":"M. Hamilton, S. Russell, S. Moskovtsev, S. Krawetz, C. Librach","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Use and Mis-use in Current Reproductive Medicine Practice: A Clinically Oriented Review","authors":"M. Quinn, M. Cedars, H. Huddleston, N. Santoro","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Sezcan Mumusoglu M.D. ,&nbsp;Qingling Yang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Hsueh Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Polycystic ovary syndrome<span> (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting 6%–10% of reproductive-age women, and it is associated with defects in follicle functions. On the basis of advances in the evaluation of gene variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes associated with PCOS. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (</span></span><span>http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net</span><svg><path></path></svg><span><span>) by subcategorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and deoxyribonucleic acid repair, transcriptional factors, ribonucleic acid metabolism, enzymes, and others. Although multiple individual candidate genes with single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified </span>in patients<span> with PCOS, only a limited number of findings have been verified and deal with genes with known ovarian functions. On the basis of genome-wide association studies, a limited group of PCOS candidate genes, including </span></span><em>FSHB</em>, <em>FSHR</em>, <em>LHR</em>, <em>YAP1</em>, <em>AOPEP</em>/<em>C9orf3</em>, <em>RAB5</em>/<em>SUOX</em>, <span><em>THADA</em></span>, and <em>DENND1A</em><span>, yielded consistent association in good-quality studies in both Caucasian and Chinese populations. Although some of these genes have known ovarian functions, the ovarian expression and function of others remain to be elucidated. Overall, PCOS candidate genes are likely associated with abnormal gene expression because of their recent evolutionary origins. Studying rare variants in complex diseases such as PCOS presents unique challenges. The identification of rare variants and functional gene networks by next-generation sequencing along with epigenetic<span> studies may increase our understanding of the genetic bases of PCOS. A better definition of unique diseases underlying PCOS on the basis of ovarian expression patterns could provide new diagnosis and treatments.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42686316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying fertilization-ready metaphase II stage oocytes beyond the microscope: a proposed molecular path forward","authors":"Bei Sun B.S. ,&nbsp;John Yeh M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One key variable in the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles is the maturation of oocytes for fertilization. Current practices of both conventional IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection do not evaluate the maturity of eggs immediately at the time of oocyte retrieval. In conventional IVF, all retrieved eggs are inseminated with sperm without further evaluation of their maturity. With conventional IVF, immature oocytes are not identified and are inseminated with resulting poor outcomes. In intracytoplasmic sperm injection, retrieved eggs are denuded of cumulus cells (CCs) for evaluation of maturity before insemination. Immature oocytes are identified after denudation and may not reach their full maturation potential because of the loss of surrounding CCs. Both approaches can benefit from an early noninvasive evaluation of oocyte maturity. Cumulus cells are physically and biochemically connected to oocytes and could serve as a window to look into oocyte maturity. This study reviews current literature on processes essential in oocyte maturation involving CCs as well as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and protein biomarkers of metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes identified in CCs. We use this information as a starting point to propose a path forward in the molecular analysis of CCs as a tool of MII oocyte selection. With future studies proposed in this review, we envision a clinically useful approach of selected mRNA, miRNA, and protein marker analysis and eventually a transition to mRNA–miRNA–protein expression correlation analysis and pathway analysis of CC markers to identify MII oocytes at the time of retrieval and enable metaphase I and germinal vesicle oocytes to be further matured in vitro with intact supporting CCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 302-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histologic features, pathogenesis, and long-term effects of viral oophoritis","authors":"Isabella Giunta B.S.,&nbsp;Nawras Zayat M.D.,&nbsp;Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oophoritis<span><span>, or inflammation of the ovaries, occurs as a result of certain viral infections and may impair ovarian function. Oophoritis has been attributed to </span>cytomegalovirus<span>, mumps virus<span><span><span>, Zika virus<span>, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus<span><span> due to isolation of these viruses from the ovaries, histologic evidence of ovarian inflammation, and/or signs of </span>ovarian dysfunction in infected people or animal models. These viruses cause inflammation of the ovaries by hematogenous spread, ascending infection of the </span></span></span>female reproductive tract, or vascular changes in the ovary, including virus-induced vasculitis. Viral oophoritis has been studied as a potential cause of </span>irregular menstruation<span>, premature menopause, infertility, and ovarian cancer, although evidence of these associations remains limited and inconclusive. Risk factors for developing oophoritis with resultant ovarian dysfunction have additionally been investigated and may include sexual transmission, infection during pregnancy, and peripubertal infection depending on the virus. Despite the potential adverse effects of viral oophoritis, relatively little research has been performed on this condition, perhaps because of its rarity and underdiagnosis. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the most common histologic features of viral oophoritis, its pathogenesis, and its reported or suspected consequences on reproductive function. Furthermore, it highlights gaps in knowledge and areas requiring deeper investigation to inform future research.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 342-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44678629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}