F&S reviews最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of the plasminogen activator system in the endometrium and its role in menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding","authors":"Michelle Volovsky M.D. ,&nbsp;Hadi Ramadan M.D. ,&nbsp;Seifeldin Sadek M.D. ,&nbsp;Elena M. Golub B.A. ,&nbsp;Esther M. Sarino M.L.I.S. ,&nbsp;Jaime Blanck M.L.I.S., M.P.I. ,&nbsp;David F. Archer M.D. ,&nbsp;James H. Segars M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the role of the plasminogen activator<span> (PA) system throughout the endometrial cycle<span>, including the effects of intrauterine contraception, and assess the contribution of genetic mutations in the PA system to the clinical problem of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p><span>This was a systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, </span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg><span>, and Cochrane Library databases from 1966 until the search date in October 2021. The publications included were cohort studies, observational studies, case reports, case studies, and case-control studies. Literature reviews were excluded. Abstracts were screened by 3 investigators independently, with subsequent review by the senior investigator to assess study quality. The Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions assessment tool was used to evaluate potential sources of bias in the included studies.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>A total of 2,021 unique articles were identified, 38 of which qualified for full review, with 17 excluded during that process, leaving 21 articles that met all criteria. Studies reported that the activity of the PA system in the endometrium<span> changed throughout the menstrual cycle, with increases in tissue PA and </span></span>PA inhibitor 1<span><span> (PAI-1) activity surrounding the menstrual phase. Greater fibrinolytic activity was also observed in the endometrial samples of women with HMB as well as those with copper </span>intrauterine devices<span>. Conversely, levonorgestrel intrauterine devices were associated with a decrease in the tissue PA–to–PAI-1 ratio, hence reduced fibrinolysis. Mutations of the PAI-1 and α</span></span></span>₂-antiplasmin genes were found to affect the PA system and are associated with HMB.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Genetic mutations that affect the PA system and are linked to alterations in menstrual bleeding, such as PAI-1 and α₂<span>-antiplasmin, have been identified. Further research is needed to ascertain whether additional mutations, and genetic polymorphisms, not only affect the PA system but may also explain some cases of HMB that are yet to be classified.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91634641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of coronavirus on reproduction: contraceptive access, pregnancy rates, pregnancy delay, and the role of vaccination","authors":"Jasmine Aly M.D. ,&nbsp;Lindsey Choi D.O. ,&nbsp;Alicia Y. Christy M.D., M.H.S.C.R.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is important to closely examine trends in reproduction during a pandemic because it provides not only the foundation for an improved future response but also crucial insights regarding the disparate impact across different races and socioeconomic classes. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is a prime example of the impact a pandemic can have on a nation’s reproductive health. Contraception and abortion access became more difficult with more barriers to access, likely contributing to increasing unintended pregnancy rates. Underrepresented minorities and vulnerable populations were disproportionately affected by the virus on their reproductive health as well as by the virus itself. As the first ever messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine in conjunction with the lack of inclusion of pregnant and peripartum women in initial studies and conflicting and misinformation on social media, the initial role of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in women of reproductive age was unclear. Further research inclusive of this group of women has led to the consensus by major medical societies to recommend vaccination of women regardless of pregnancy or lactating status.</p><p>Examining these topics in depth will lead to the development of strategies that can be employed to mitigate the negative effects on reproductive health during the current pandemic and can also be applied to future strategic plans to prevent similar negative outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571922000056/pdfft?md5=61cfbe546256242e42d5aaef330e1939&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571922000056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91634639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of an endometrial receptivity array on personalizing embryo transfer for patients with infertility: a meta-analysis","authors":"Huy Phuong Tran M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Thuy Thi-Thanh Tran M.D. ,&nbsp;Ly Thi Le Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bao The Pham Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sang Ngoc-Thanh Vu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Loc Thai Ly M.D. ,&nbsp;Tuyet Thi-Diem Hoang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effectiveness of the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) test on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>The PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched. We included studies investigating IVF outcomes between patients who underwent standard embryo transfer and personalized embryo transfer (PET) guided by the ERA results. The main outcome measures were the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate (LBR). The random-effects model was applied to pool data. We evaluated cohort and randomized controlled trial studies using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and the Cochrane Collaboration tool.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventeen studies (7,052 patients, 4 randomized controlled trials, and 13 cohort studies) were included in this meta-analysis. Personalized embryo transfer on the basis of ERA was not found to optimize the gestational outcomes, including the implantation rate (risk ratio [RR], 1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–1.2), clinical pregnancy rate (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85–1.15), ongoing pregnancy rate (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89–1.11), and miscarriage rate (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.81–1.54). Further subgroup analysis indicated that patients undergoing PET in the first IVF cycle had a markedly increased LBR (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03–1.49). Conversely, PET among patients with a history of recurrent implantation failure did not enhance the LBR (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64–1.36).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Endometrial receptivity array shows no significant improvement in IVF outcomes except in the LBR for patients undergoing the first IVF cycle. Additional research is required to ascertain the efficacy of ERA before achieving wider usage.</p></div><div><h3>PROSPERO Number</h3><p>CRD42021255124.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571922000081/pdfft?md5=3e0c4e8ba38486f01c72b7acf6bdab25&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571922000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91679618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models of uterine leiomyomas: a review","authors":"Cristian D. Piccini ,&nbsp;Julia A. Tessari ,&nbsp;Candice C. Moro ,&nbsp;Bruna M. Rocha ,&nbsp;Lucas A. Hauschild ,&nbsp;Marcelle J. Anzolch MD. ,&nbsp;Edison Capp M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Helena von Eye Corleta M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Uterine leiomyomas<span> are the most common pelvic tumor<span> affecting women. Seventy percent of women will present with them at some point in their lives. Despite this, there is a lack of appropriate pharmacotherapeutic agents and preventive measures, and its etiology and pathophysiology are not properly understood, mainly because of the lack of reliable in vivo models. A systematized review was performed to analyze all reported vivo models of uterine fibroids, consolidate current understanding, and guide further research on the topic. We aim to contribute to those who wish to develop novel models and those who want to reproduce current ones to study the effects of new </span></span></span>drugs on the disease or its pathogenic mechanisms. Literature searches with the key words “leiomyoma,” “myoma,” “fibroid,” “uterine fibroid,” “xenografting,” and “experimental animal model” were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. Several novel models of leiomyomas have been proposed lately for a variety of animal species. We have discussed the findings, advantages, and limitations of the existing animal models of uterine fibroids, besides explaining the rationale behind their use. Researchers must be aware of limitations of the existing models and choose the model that best fits their needs. To facilitate reproducibility and translation of findings, methods must be described in detail. Given the context, special attention should be paid when providing conclusions. Besides equivalent histology and immunomarkers, a trustworthy model should also display all of the genetic expressions of human myomas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 121-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133185002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of factors influencing the implantation of euploid blastocysts after in vitro fertilization","authors":"Evan A. Reshef M.D.,&nbsp;Alex Robles M.D.,&nbsp;Jenna S. Hynes M.D.,&nbsp;Jenna M. Turocy M.D.,&nbsp;Eric J. Forman M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a comprehensive review of the current literature addressing factors that are involved in the successful implantation of euploid blastocysts. It includes a comprehensive analysis of published studies on laboratory factors that may impact the performance of euploid blastocysts, including morphology, day of biopsy, and rebiopsy. Preexisting underlying patient factors that may impact the outcome of the embryo transfer (ET) of euploid blastocysts are also explored, including body mass index and endocrine abnormalities. The role of the uterine environment and its potential impact on the successful implantation of euploid blastocysts are reviewed, including endometrial thickness and pattern, uterine architecture, and adenomyosis. Finally, published studies on the stimulation environment and methods of endometrial preparation for frozen ET are analyzed. Euploid embryos appear to have similar outcomes regardless of maternal age (up to the age of approximately 40 years), frozen-thawed ET protocol (in ovulatory women), stimulation or trigger type, or culture conditions. Decreased implantation rates may be expected from euploid blastocysts with poorer morphology, those biopsied on day 7, those twice biopsied/frozen, and those after a difficult ET. Patients with very advanced age, high body mass index, adenomyosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and possibly methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase carriers may be at higher risk of euploid implantation failure or early pregnancy loss. This analysis only applies to those who are able to produce euploid blastocysts. There is a lack of evidence to support any interventions that subsequently increase implantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571922000032/pdfft?md5=e8836f66f62b8f1e478ac445247d0795&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571922000032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121561195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and quality assessment of current clinical prediction models","authors":"Angelos Youssef M.D. ,&nbsp;Marie-Louise P. van der Hoorn M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Johannes M.M. van Lith M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rik van Eekelen Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Nadia A. du Fossé M.D. ,&nbsp;Lisa E.E. L.O. Lashley M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify models predicting live birth or ongoing pregnancy in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and evaluate the risk of bias, performance, generalizability, and applicability of these models.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until December 2020. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were original studies predicting pregnancy outcome in patients with unexplained RPL and presented a tool that allowed for individual predictions. The risk of bias and applicability of the studies were assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis statement was used to assess reporting quality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded 1,170 unique articles that were screened on the basis of the title and abstract. Seven studies were included: 1 prospective cohort study and 6 retrospective cohort studies. The recommended steps for the development of a prediction model were not followed by any of the studies, although 6 were published before the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines. The included studies had a high risk of bias and were not externally validated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>International guidelines recommend supportive care programs with prognostic counseling for couples with unexplained RPL. This information manages the expectations of couples and improves their ability to make an informed decision regarding further pregnancy attempts. On the basis of the results of this study, we cannot recommend the use of any of the studied prediction models in clinical practice to prevent overestimation of chances and false belief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571922000020/pdfft?md5=3f2924c1cab7476e5130c0ffbd091b7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571922000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44951172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel theory implicating hypochlorous acid as the primary generator of angiogenesis, infertility, and free iron in endometriosis","authors":"Olivia G. Camp B.S. ,&nbsp;David Bai B.S. ,&nbsp;Pravin T. Goud M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Michael P. Diamond M.D. ,&nbsp;Husam M. Abu-Soud Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory </span>gynecologic disorder<span><span><span> characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma<span> throughout the abdominopelvic cavity, including the surfaces of the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, small and </span></span>large bowel<span>, and anterior/posterior cul-de-sacs. Research on the pathophysiology<span> of endometriosis has revealed several biologically active proinflammatory mediators, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), </span></span></span>reactive oxygen species<span><span><span>, and free iron. The generation of free iron is believed to be driven by high activity of inducible heme oxygenase<span><span>; however, this does not fully explain the clinical features of endometriosis, such as implantation, hypoxic stress<span><span>, appearance of lesions, or marked elevations of free iron. Therefore, this review proposes a new theory highlighting that MPO, and subsequently generated hypochlorous acid, may direct the ectopic implantation of endometrial tissue and progression of endometriosis via </span>tissue hypoxia and </span></span>angiogenesis and modulation of inducible heme oxygenase activity, free iron generation, and increased reactive oxygen species activity. Furthermore, we discuss the pathway in which MPO-hypochlorous acid directly and indirectly impacts the follicular microenvironment and oocyte, contributing to endometriosis-associated infertility. We conclude with the hypothesis that these adverse effects may be attenuated through antioxidant supplementation, such as </span></span>lycopene or </span>melatonin.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136599746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional barriers and facilitators to treatment seeking for infertility among women in the United States: a systematic review","authors":"Morine Cebert-Gaitors Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Samia Abdelnalbi M.S.N. ,&nbsp;Elise Mantell M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Amanda Woodward M.L.I.S. ,&nbsp;Rosa Gonzalez-Guarda Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Eleanor Lowndes Stevenson Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that examines facilitators and barriers to infertility treatment seeking among women who experience infertility in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews<span> and Meta-Analyses guidelines and has a registered protocol. Studies were included if they reported factors specifically influencing treatment-seeking patterns of women for infertility as defined above. The search was conducted in January 2020 in 4 databases and updated in February 2021. We used a combination of free texts, index, and truncated terms. The following terms and concepts were used: infertility [or] subfertility, woman [or] women [or] female, patient acceptance of health care [or] help-seeking [or] health-seeking behaviors [or] treatment seeking. The search terms were purposely used to include variations of terms that were synonymous with treatment seeking. Included studies must have been original research studies written in English that explicitly discussed the relationship of variables that influenced treatment seeking among women in the United States. Quality assessment was conducted using the critical appraisal tool from the Joana Briggs Institute.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The final sample included a total of 23 articles (6 qualitative, 17 quantitative) that examined facilitators and barriers that influenced treatment seeking among women who experienced infertility in the United States. These articles were synthesized using the health-seeking model developed by Chrisman. Findings suggest there are multifactorial facilitators and barriers that influence treatment seeking. Common facilitators to treatment seeking were high desire for parenthood, especially when their partners also agreed; high social support encouraging treatment; and advanced health literacy. Common barriers to treatment seeking were internalized stigma, having access limited by professional careers, low or no social support supporting treatment seeking, and negative perceptions of the clinical environment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, many of the facilitators and barriers found were a dynamic blend of perceptions of the biologic, clinical, and social implications of disease and treatment access. Many of these facilitators and barriers were influenced by social cues and perceived access to care. More research is needed to further elucidate variations in treatment seeking among diverse samples of racial and ethnic, gender, and sexual minority groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 76-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm redox biology challenges the role of antioxidants as a treatment for male factor infertility","authors":"Ettore Caroppo M.D. ,&nbsp;Maurizio Dattilo M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In spite of inconclusive or negative outcomes from clinical studies, oral antioxidants are still largely prescribed to infertile men to improve sperm motility and/or reduce sperm DNA damage, on the basis of the assumption that it is an oxidative damage and it will be corrected by antioxidants. We aimed to challenge this view by examining the available experimental evidence. The regulation of sperm motility may suffer several pathologic derangements, including alterations of the flagellum, impaired function of the activating phosphatases and kinases, impaired function of the extracellular vesicles of either epididymal or prostatic origin, deranged Ca²⁺ trafficking, and infection/inflammation of the male accessory glands. None of the aforementioned issues seem to be directly dependent on the redox balance and to indicate a direct role for oral antioxidants treatment. Indeed, antioxidants may generate reductive imbalances resulting in an increase in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized ratio, which sustains reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria, potentially leading to increased sperm DNA damage, whereas a shortage of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized may jeopardize the pol(ADP-ribose) polymerase-based DNA repair mechanisms at the time of histone to protamine transition, resulting in unresolved double-strand breaks and defective protamination, which further increases DNA vulnerability. The occurrence of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damages does not necessarily imply a shortage of antioxidant defenses, and the possibility that a different problem is in place should be considered. On this base, the current attitude to prescribe oral antioxidants to infertile men without demonstration of antioxidant shortage or true oxidative imbalance should be reconsidered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666571921000281/pdfft?md5=c3901d0e0e5090a2e9b55116ecd24f7a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666571921000281-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47301739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial interventions for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Phoutdavone Phimphasone-Brady Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Brooke Palmer Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Alyssa Vela Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Johnson M.S. ,&nbsp;Ben Harnke M.L.I.S. ,&nbsp;Lilian Hoffecker Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Helen L. Coons Ph.D. ,&nbsp;C. Neill Epperson M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To synthesize the effects of psychosocial interventions to improve depression, anxiety, quality of life&lt;span&gt; (QOL), and other psychological outcomes in adult women living with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Evidence Review&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;On the basis of the guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews&lt;span&gt; and Meta-Analyses, we conducted a systematic review in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE ALL; Embase; Cochrane Central Library; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; American Psychological Association PsycInfo; and Elton B. Stephens CO (company) Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. A study was included if it was a randomized controlled trial that examined the effect of psychosocial interventions to improve psychological outcomes (primary or secondary) in adult women (aged ≥18 years) diagnosed with PCOS. Study screening, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality was conducted by 3 independent reviewers through a systematic process. The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the risk-of-bias and methodological quality. The results were combined and summarized in a narrative synthesis, and factors that may explain differences in the direction or effect sizes were considered and discussed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Of the 127 studies that met the initial inclusion criteria, we included 7 studies for full-text review, with an average sample size of 83 participants in the initial randomization. Across the 3 studies that reported race and ethnicity, an average of 57% of participants identified as White. There was significant heterogeneity across studies in terms of PCOS criteria followed, variation in outcome measures, variation in reporting of outcomes, and small sample sizes in each outcome, limiting our ability to estimate the magnitude of effects or standardized mean differences. Psychosocial interventions were cognitive behavioral therapy, &lt;/span&gt;acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive behavioral therapy combined with lifestyle modifications, or multicomponent behavioral modification program. Within the intervention groups, significant durations of effects from baseline to postintervention were observed for depression, anxiety, QOL, fatigue and sleep-related impairments, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, and patient-reported outcomes for psychological distress and positive and negative affect. These findings demonstrate proof of concept that psychosocial interventions improve PCOS-related mental health issues. Significant results, however, between the intervention and control groups were inconsistent. Significant postintervention or 8-week outcomes were found in some, but not all, studies for depression, QOL, fatigue or sleep issues, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, mindfulness, and negative affect. Further, on","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 42-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44648835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}