F&S reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Developmental Significance of Sperm-Borne RNAs and Their Potential for Use as Diagnostic Markers for Male Factor Infertility","authors":"M. Hamilton, S. Russell, S. Moskovtsev, S. Krawetz, C. Librach","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Use and Mis-use in Current Reproductive Medicine Practice: A Clinically Oriented Review","authors":"M. Quinn, M. Cedars, H. Huddleston, N. Santoro","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Sezcan Mumusoglu M.D. ,&nbsp;Qingling Yang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Hsueh Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Polycystic ovary syndrome<span> (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting 6%–10% of reproductive-age women, and it is associated with defects in follicle functions. On the basis of advances in the evaluation of gene variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes associated with PCOS. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (</span></span><span>http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net</span><svg><path></path></svg><span><span>) by subcategorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and deoxyribonucleic acid repair, transcriptional factors, ribonucleic acid metabolism, enzymes, and others. Although multiple individual candidate genes with single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified </span>in patients<span> with PCOS, only a limited number of findings have been verified and deal with genes with known ovarian functions. On the basis of genome-wide association studies, a limited group of PCOS candidate genes, including </span></span><em>FSHB</em>, <em>FSHR</em>, <em>LHR</em>, <em>YAP1</em>, <em>AOPEP</em>/<em>C9orf3</em>, <em>RAB5</em>/<em>SUOX</em>, <span><em>THADA</em></span>, and <em>DENND1A</em><span>, yielded consistent association in good-quality studies in both Caucasian and Chinese populations. Although some of these genes have known ovarian functions, the ovarian expression and function of others remain to be elucidated. Overall, PCOS candidate genes are likely associated with abnormal gene expression because of their recent evolutionary origins. Studying rare variants in complex diseases such as PCOS presents unique challenges. The identification of rare variants and functional gene networks by next-generation sequencing along with epigenetic<span> studies may increase our understanding of the genetic bases of PCOS. A better definition of unique diseases underlying PCOS on the basis of ovarian expression patterns could provide new diagnosis and treatments.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42686316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying fertilization-ready metaphase II stage oocytes beyond the microscope: a proposed molecular path forward","authors":"Bei Sun B.S. ,&nbsp;John Yeh M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One key variable in the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles is the maturation of oocytes for fertilization. Current practices of both conventional IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection do not evaluate the maturity of eggs immediately at the time of oocyte retrieval. In conventional IVF, all retrieved eggs are inseminated with sperm without further evaluation of their maturity. With conventional IVF, immature oocytes are not identified and are inseminated with resulting poor outcomes. In intracytoplasmic sperm injection, retrieved eggs are denuded of cumulus cells (CCs) for evaluation of maturity before insemination. Immature oocytes are identified after denudation and may not reach their full maturation potential because of the loss of surrounding CCs. Both approaches can benefit from an early noninvasive evaluation of oocyte maturity. Cumulus cells are physically and biochemically connected to oocytes and could serve as a window to look into oocyte maturity. This study reviews current literature on processes essential in oocyte maturation involving CCs as well as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and protein biomarkers of metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes identified in CCs. We use this information as a starting point to propose a path forward in the molecular analysis of CCs as a tool of MII oocyte selection. With future studies proposed in this review, we envision a clinically useful approach of selected mRNA, miRNA, and protein marker analysis and eventually a transition to mRNA–miRNA–protein expression correlation analysis and pathway analysis of CC markers to identify MII oocytes at the time of retrieval and enable metaphase I and germinal vesicle oocytes to be further matured in vitro with intact supporting CCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of assisted reproductive technology treatments on maternal and offspring outcomes in singleton pregnancies: a review of systematic reviews","authors":"Joanna Melville M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Aisling Stringer M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Naomi Black M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Siobhan Quenby Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stephen D. Keay M.D. ,&nbsp;Anna L. David Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ephia Yasmin M.D. ,&nbsp;Bassel H. Al Wattar Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments are commonly used to aid conception in subfertile couples. This study aimed to evaluate the risks of adverse maternal and offspring outcomes in singleton pregnancy conceived with different ART treatments and techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and HTA until December 2020 for all systematic reviews evaluating adverse outcomes in pregnancies conceived with various ART techniques, autologous or donor gametes, and embryo development stages. We assessed review quality using the AMSTAR 2 tool risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the top quality reviews for each of the outcomes of interest across the identified ART treatments and population subgroups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 24 systematic reviews, which mostly reported on observational studies. Compared with spontaneous conception, ART pregnancies had a higher risk of placenta previa (RR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.67–5.16), antepartum hemorrhage (RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.86–2.38), preterm birth (PTB) (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.59–1.83), very preterm birth (RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.73–2.59), small for gestational age (SGA) (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20–1.52), low birth weight (LBW) (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.49–1.75), and very low birth weight (VLBW) (RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.84–2.43).</p><p>Frozen vs. fresh embryo transfer was associated with a lower risk of PTB (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97), SGA (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56–0.67), LBW (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.67–0.77), and VLBW (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69–0.82). Embryo transfer at blastocyst vs. cleavage showed a higher risk of PTB (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.20) and large for gestational age (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03–1.21) with a lower risk of SGA (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76–0.92).</p><p>Using donor vs. autologous oocytes increased the odds of PTB (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.33–1.86), LBW (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.10–3.41), and VLBW (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22–1.54) as well as maternal complications, including postpartum hemorrhage (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.20–3.20), gestational diabetes (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03–1.56), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.17–3.18), and cesarean section (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.14–2.42).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Assisted reproductive technology treatments are associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and offspring outcomes, especially with donor oocytes. The characteristics of ART treatment should be incorporated into prenatal care planning to mitigate those risks.</p></div><div><h3>PROSPERO Registration</h3><p>CRD42020182612, registered March 9, 2020.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43853784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histologic features, pathogenesis, and long-term effects of viral oophoritis","authors":"Isabella Giunta B.S.,&nbsp;Nawras Zayat M.D.,&nbsp;Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oophoritis<span><span>, or inflammation of the ovaries, occurs as a result of certain viral infections and may impair ovarian function. Oophoritis has been attributed to </span>cytomegalovirus<span>, mumps virus<span><span><span>, Zika virus<span>, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus<span><span> due to isolation of these viruses from the ovaries, histologic evidence of ovarian inflammation, and/or signs of </span>ovarian dysfunction in infected people or animal models. These viruses cause inflammation of the ovaries by hematogenous spread, ascending infection of the </span></span></span>female reproductive tract, or vascular changes in the ovary, including virus-induced vasculitis. Viral oophoritis has been studied as a potential cause of </span>irregular menstruation<span>, premature menopause, infertility, and ovarian cancer, although evidence of these associations remains limited and inconclusive. Risk factors for developing oophoritis with resultant ovarian dysfunction have additionally been investigated and may include sexual transmission, infection during pregnancy, and peripubertal infection depending on the virus. Despite the potential adverse effects of viral oophoritis, relatively little research has been performed on this condition, perhaps because of its rarity and underdiagnosis. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the most common histologic features of viral oophoritis, its pathogenesis, and its reported or suspected consequences on reproductive function. Furthermore, it highlights gaps in knowledge and areas requiring deeper investigation to inform future research.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44678629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we approaching automated assisted reproductive technology? Embryo culture, metabolomics, and cryopreservation","authors":"Valentina Casciani Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Daniela Galliano M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jason M. Franasiak M.D. ,&nbsp;Giulia Mariani M.D. ,&nbsp;Marcos Meseguer Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>For decades, assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures have been performed manually thanks to the meticulous work of skilled embryologists. Recently, new technologies have been developed with three main scopes: improving </span>embryo culture conditions; making diagnostic evaluations more consistent and reliable; and allowing ART procedures to become progressively less subjective and operator-dependent. This review aimed to answer the following questions: is automation likely to be successfully incorporated into the in vitro fertilization laboratory and clinical ART in the future? If so, would such automation result in improved outcomes in ART?</p><p>An electronic search of PubMed was performed to identify articles in English language that addressed automation in ART. Studies were classified in decreasing categories: randomized controlled trials; prospective controlled trials; prospective noncontrolled trials; retrospective studies; and experimental studies. Research and development data from investigators were included.</p><p>There are a number of separate platforms that have been developed until now to address different parts of the ART process: gradual change of embryo culture medium; noninvasive embryo monitoring with time-lapse or metabolome analysis<span>; and automated vitrification. It is conceivable that future automation enhancements in the in vitro fertilization laboratory may improve consistency and throughput and reduce the risk of human error associated with the performance of repetitive tasks. Nevertheless, a need remains for a platform able to integrate all separate technologies, capable of successfully interconnecting them in a way that assures continued chain of custody for the gametes and embryos. Moreover, controlled trials will be fundamental to demonstrate the usefulness of automation in ART.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47869674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uterine natural killer cell biology and role in early pregnancy establishment and outcomes","authors":"Jessica R. Kanter M.D., MSTR ,&nbsp;Sneha Mani Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Scott M. Gordon M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Monica Mainigi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>While immune cells were originally thought to only play a role in maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus, an active role in pregnancy establishment is becoming increasingly apparent. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are of specific interest because of their cyclic increase in number during the window of implantation. As a distinct entity from their peripheral blood counterparts, understanding the biology and function of uNK cells will provide the framework for understanding their role in </span>early pregnancy establishment and adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p><span>This review discusses unique uNK cell characteristics and presents clinical implications resulting from their dysfunction. We also systematically present existing knowledge about uNK cell function in three processes critical for successful human embryo implantation<span><span> and placentation: </span>stromal cell </span></span>decidualization<span>, spiral artery remodeling, and extravillous trophoblast invasion. Finally, we review the features of uNK cells that could help guide future investigations.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It is clear the uNK cells are intimately involved in multiple facets of early pregnancy. This is accomplished directly, through the secretion of factors that regulate stromal cells and trophoblast function; and indirectly ,via interaction with other maternal cell types present at the maternal-fetal interface. Current work also suggests that uNK cells are a heterogenous population, with subsets that potentially accomplish different functions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>Establishment of pregnancy through successful embryo implantation and placentation requires crosstalk between multiple maternal cell types and invading fetal trophoblast cells. Defects in this process have been associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta accreta, and </span>recurrent miscarriage though the mechanism underlying development of these defects remain unclear. Abnormalities in NK cell number and function which would disrupt physiological maternal-fetal crosstalk, could play a critical role in abnormal implantation and placentation. It is therefore imperative to dissect the unique physiological role of uNK cells in pregnancy and use this knowledge to inform clinical practice by determining how uNK cell dysfunction could lead to reproductive failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (alone or combined with human chorionic gonadotropin) vs. human chorionic gonadotropin alone for ovulation triggering during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mathilde Bourdon M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Maëliss Peigné M.D. ,&nbsp;Céline Solignac Pharm.D. ,&nbsp;Bernadette Darné M.D. ,&nbsp;Solène Languille Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Khaled Pocate-Cheriet M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Pietro Santulli M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) triggering improves oocyte maturation<span>, pregnancy outcomes, and safety compared with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) triggering during controlled ovarian stimulation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Evidence Review</h3><p><span>A systematic review was performed using the following keywords: “GnRH agonist”; “hCG”; and “triggering.” Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, </span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg><span><span>, and EudraCT for randomized controlled clinical trials between January 1, 1990, and April 15, 2020. The primary outcomes were the total number of retrieved oocytes and the number of mature oocytes. The main secondary outcomes were the number of embryos obtained, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), </span>early pregnancy<span> loss rate, live birth rate, and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, bias assessment using the RoB2 tool, and data extraction according to the Cochrane methods. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed followed by prespecified sensitivity and subgroup analyses.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Result(s)</h3><p>Our search yielded 1,369 published studies and 216 unpublished studies. After screening the titles and abstracts, 65 published studies and 25 unpublished abstracts were assessed for eligibility. Of these, we excluded 61 studies. A total of 29 randomized controlled trials were included. The 26 studies with the number of oocytes retrieved enrolled a total of 2,755 women, of whom 1,419 had GnRHa triggering and 1,336 had hCG alone for triggering. A total of 12 studies reported the number of mature oocytes with a total of 1,619 women (806 had GnRHa triggering and 813 had hCG alone for triggering). The mean numbers of retrieved oocytes (difference in the means [95% confidence interval], 0.99 [0.21, 1.78]; n = 26) and mature oocytes (0.68 [0.04, 1.33]; n = 12) were statistically significantly higher after GnRHa than after hCG triggering. A similar difference was observed for the number of embryos (0.94 [0.19, 1.68]; n = 10). No differences in the CPR (risk ratio, 1.01 [0.90, 1.14]; n = 23), early pregnancy loss (1.27 [0.94, 1.71]; n = 16), and live birth rate (1.00 [0.77, 1.29]; n = 6) were noted. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was associated with a lower incidence of OHSS (odds ratio, 0.25 [0.08, 0.74]; n = 20). Moreover, after dual triggering (GnRHa associated with hCG) compared with hCG alone, the meta-analysis showed a statistically significantly higher number of retrieved and mature oocytes and CPR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>The final triggering using GnRHa allows a higher number of retrieved and mature oocytes to be obtained with comparable clinical outcomes and, after GnRHa alone, a lower OHSS risk compared with hCG triggering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assisted reproductive technology outcomes in obese and diabetic men: lighting the darkness","authors":"Lis C. Puga Molina Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Pedro F. Oliveira Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marco G. Alves Ph.D. ,&nbsp;David Martin-Hidalgo Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The prevalence of obesity and diabetes, two of the most prevalent metabolic disorders<span> (MetDs) in the world, has been rising exponentially over the last two decades. In addition to other comorbidities, MetDs have a detrimental impact on reproductive features, leading to a boost of the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to overcome fertility problems. Although ARTs help to improve MetD male reproductive outcomes, data show that the results are less successful compared with those of men without MetD. Currently, </span></span>intracytoplasmic sperm injection<span><span> is the election procedure to bypass infertility in men with MetD. Nevertheless, embryos obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection using spermatozoa<span> of men with MetD have a lower probability to end in a live birth. This embryo development shutdown has been related to a higher rate of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA and with modifications on pathways that do not allow embryos to go further in the development process. This special detrimental feature of sperm from men with MetD indicates that advanced sperm selection techniques should be used in these patients to avoid sperm with fragmented DNA. Fortunately, sperm selection procedures are under constant development and eventually will allow physicians to select spermatozoa with higher quality and low </span></span>DNA fragmentation to be used in further ART, increasing the outcome of those procedures. Future research should be performed to enlighten alterations in embryos derived from spermatozoa of men with MetD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":73011,"journal":{"name":"F&S reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.xfnr.2021.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}