Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of computer-based education on pharmacist behaviour regarding point-of-care testing","authors":"Rand Hussein ,&nbsp;Nardine Nakhla ,&nbsp;Kyu Min Shim ,&nbsp;Joslin Goh ,&nbsp;Rosemary Killeen ,&nbsp;Kelly Grindrod","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent regulatory changes in Ontario have enabled pharmacists to perform point-of-care testing (POCT) to manage chronic diseases. With the introduction of any new service(s), educational interventions can aid acceptance and implementation. Computer-based education (CBE) improves pharmacists' knowledge, but there is little evidence of its effect on pharmacist behaviour. This study assessed the impact of CBE on pharmacist knowledge, behaviour intention, and adoption of POCT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-month, web-based, randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and Sep 2024 with community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada. The intervention group was asked to complete two POCT modules using a CBE platform, while the control group was asked to review reference materials about POCTs. The primary outcome, the difference in the number of POCTs performed, was collected using monthly reports. Secondary outcomes (knowledge gain and changes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and behaviour intention) were assessed using selfreported surveys. Generalized linear models (GLM) with negative binomial distribution were used to analyze the number of POCTs. Knowledge gain was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and binomial regression. TPB constructs were analyzed within groups using paired sample <em>t</em>-tests and between groups using two-sample ttests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 261 pharmacists recruited, 201 completed the pre-study survey, 135 completed the one-week post-test, and 104 completed the three-month post-test. There was a significant difference in knowledge test scores between the two groups at one week (<em>P</em> = .001) and three months (<em>P</em> &lt; .00). There was no significant difference in behavioural constructs between the two groups at three months. However, attitude increased significantly for both groups (intervention group 3.6 ± 0.6 Vs. 3.95 ± 0.5 <em>P</em> &lt; .001; control group 3.5 ± 0.6 Vs. 3.8 ± 0.5 P &lt; .001). There was no significant change in the number of POCTs performed after one, two, and three months for both study groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CBE improved pharmacists' knowledge of POCT but showed a limited effect on pharmacist intention or behaviour. The study highlighted that knowledge alone does not influence behaviour change. Factors such as organizational support, adequate reimbursement, and expanded practice scope (e.g., prescribing) are critical to enhance POCT implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary medication reviews of psychiatric patients – A mixed method evaluation","authors":"Dagmar Abelone Dalin ,&nbsp;Sara Sommer Holst ,&nbsp;Lucif Søemosegaard Dalin ,&nbsp;Charlotte Vermehren","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients at psychiatric homes are a vulnerable group with several factors complicating their pharmacological treatment. Psychiatric patients in stable treatment are transferred from specialist care to primary care, which presents new challenges as general practitioners (GPs) may feel that they are not sufficiently trained in prescribing and tapering psychiatric drugs. Medication reviews (MRs) have been seen to improve the appropriateness of pharmacological treatment – especially when performed in interdisciplinary teams.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Thus, the aim of this study was to examine to which extent it was possible to conduct interdisciplinary MRs at a psychiatric home and with patient involvement. The study was a mixed-method evaluation study that included 11 quantitative MRs analyzed by descriptive analysis and 5 qualitative semi-structured interviews analyzed by thematic coding analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MR performance formed the basis of an interview study. The patients' GPs and psychiatrist accepted 32 of the 37 (86 %) recommended changes to the current medication. At six months follow-up, 75 % of changes had been implemented. Three main interview themes and seven sub-themes were identified, covering collaboration between healthcare professionals, patient involvement, and the MR method. Conduction of interdisciplinary MRs was affected by e.g. challenges in the collaboration between GP and psychiatrists and patient involvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Interdisciplinary MRs for psychiatric patients were seen as beneficial by healthcare professionals and had a high implementation rate of medication changes. In future use of the MR model, the involvement of patients and GPs should be ensured and include a psychiatrist in the MR team.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated dispensing cabinets and the effect on omitted doses of ward stock medicines; can implementation reduce delays to first dose antimicrobials?","authors":"Emma Jeffrey,&nbsp;Áine Walsh,&nbsp;Kit Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omitted doses are a subset of medication administration errors which have the potential to cause severe harm. Sepsis is a clinical condition where dose omissions or delays in medicines administration can be fatal. Automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) provide a medicines management solution which keeps track of stock in real time and can automatically generate orders, reducing the likelihood of medication stockouts. This study aims to assess the impact of ADC implementation on the rate of omitted doses due to unavailability of ward stock medicines. Secondary aims are to investigate the effect of ADCs on omitted doses of first dose antimicrobials. Due doses data was compiled from the electronic prescribing and medicines administration (EPMA) system for ten wards pre-ADC implementation between July and September 2022 and was compared with data post-ADC implementation between July and September 2023. Omitted doses were selected and filtered for those marked ‘drug not available’. Ward stock lists were used to determine which omitted doses were for medicines held as ward stock. A secondary analysis filtered this data further to isolate omitted doses of ward stock medicines which were systemically administered antimicrobials. The overall number of prescribed doses during the pre-implementation period was comparable to those in the post-implementation period. There was a total of 393 omitted doses of ward stocked medicines due to unavailability pre-ADC implementation, and 817 post-ADC implementation. This represents an omission rate due to unavailability of ward stock medicines as a percentage of all prescribed doses, of 0.08 % pre-ADC and 0.18 % post-ADC implementation. Statistical analysis showed no difference (<em>p</em> = 0.1655). There was also no statistical difference in omitted doses of ward stocked antimicrobials pre vs post-ADC implementation (<em>p</em> = 0.3363). It has been identified that a potential way to reduce rates of omitted doses is by optimising stock stored in each cabinet. This research is encouraging and may warrant further data collection once stock optimisation has occurred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers","authors":"Théodora Merenda ,&nbsp;Fanny Depasse ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Patris","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Visual impairment may be caused by various diseases and can impact the safe use of medications. It is therefore important that healthcare professionals consider these challenges to facilitate the correct administration of medications by visually impaired patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the category of visual impairment beyond which it becomes impossible to identify medication boxes, to read patient information leaflets, expiration dates, and dosage instructions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Visual impairment was simulated with glasses on healthy volunteers who had to identify and read different elements on medication boxes and leaflets. The participant eligibility was confirmed through the administration of five ophthalmological tests designed to quantify functional vision. Data were analyzed using a within-subject repeated measures ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-two simulations were conducted. This study indicates that for a simulated moderate visual impairment, 81 % of participants lacked access to the medication names and doses, 75 % lacked access to the full expiration date, and 60 % were unable to read the leaflets. Additionally, a simulated moderate visual impairment resulted in a reduced reading speed of 44 words per minute. The low contrast of the writing on medication boxes makes identification more difficult.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This simulation study demonstrated that it became impossible to identify medication boxes from a severe visual impairment onwards, while it was no longer possible to read leaflets and expiry dates from a moderate visual impairment onwards. Consequently, it is necessary to ensure that the patient has strategies to identify medications, particularly if the packaging exhibits low contrast and small print.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing medication adherence in marginalized and minoritized communities: A brief training approach for pharmacy technicians and community health workers","authors":"Richard Segal ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Zeigler ,&nbsp;Jordan L. Wallace ,&nbsp;Folakemi T. Odedina","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication non-adherence is a pervasive issue, with especially severe consequences for marginalized and minoritized populations. Engaging pharmacy technicians and community health workers (CHWs) to address medication adherence in collaboration with pharmacists could be an effective strategy since they may be better positioned to build trust and rapport with patients compared to pharmacists alone.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a brief training program for pharmacy technicians and community health workers in improving medication adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A hybrid model training program, including pre-recorded video lectures to be watched at home followed by an in-person session, was developed and delivered to 19 pharmacy technicians and 109 CHWs, focusing on key skills related to enhancing medication adherence. Participants' knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed using pre- and post-program questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The training program yielded significant improvements in participants' knowledge and confidence in performing activities to improve medication adherence. Notably, post-training scores did not differ significantly between pharmacy technicians and community health workers, indicating that both groups achieved similar levels of knowledge and self-efficacy. Furthermore, pharmacy technicians demonstrated significant gains in understanding cultural competence and health disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A targeted, brief training program can significantly enhance the knowledge and self-efficacy of pharmacy technicians and community health workers in addressing medication adherence. Engaging these frontline healthcare workers could be a crucial strategy for improving medication adherence, particularly in marginalized communities. Future research is necessary to assess the impact of this training on patient adherence outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the barriers to opioid access scale among individuals with chronic pain","authors":"Sujith Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Stefan Kertesz ,&nbsp;Emily Gravlee ,&nbsp;Prachi Prajapati ,&nbsp;John P. Bentley ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measurement of accessibility is a crucial pillar in assessing equity of access to pain treatment, particularly in the context of reducing opioid prescribing in response to rising overdose deaths in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure barriers to prescription opioid access among individuals with chronic pain and test its psychometric properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used a cross-sectional online survey of a convenience sample of adults (&gt;18 years) who reported any type of pain for at least 45 days or more in the previous 3 months. The survey captured demographic characteristics, self-reported medication use characteristics, and measures such as the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and the PROMIS Global Health measure, along with an item pool of potential questions that measure barriers to opioid access.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respondents (<em>N</em> = 200) were 89 % women, 86 % White, averaging 45.32 years old (SD:11.79), and reported poor quality life. Two subscales, Access to Care and Patient Concerns, were identified for the Barriers to Opioid Access Scale with good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.909 and 0.835, respectively). In multivariable analyses, the Access to Care subscale was associated with the PROMIS mental health score (−2.44; 95 % CI: −3.77, −1.11), and the Patient Concerns subscale was associated with self-reported frequency of opioid use (−0.70; 95 % CI: −0.99, −0.40).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The newly developed BOAS has the potential to serve as a tool for capturing quality of pain treatment as well as measuring the impact of policy changes on the quality of treatment provided to patients with chronic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice among community pharmacists toward adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance: A nationwide survey","authors":"Tahani Alwidyan ,&nbsp;Mohannad Odeh ,&nbsp;Ameerah Hasan Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Eman Harahsheh ,&nbsp;Aya Banat","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To enhance the impact of pharmacovigilance on drug safety, it must be integrated into the healthcare system. This study aimed to examine community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A self-administered, cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among eligible community pharmacists between July and September 2023. Participants completed online and paper-based questionnaires after providing prior consent. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 28). One-way ANOVA was used to assess the significance of the association between knowledge, attitude, practice scores, and demographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 239 pharmacists completed the questionnaire (response rate of 67.5 %). Of them, 65.3 % were females. Poor knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance was evident in 66.1 % of participants, while only 11 % demonstrated good knowledge. Attitudes were primarily neutral (72.8 %), and practices were categorized as fair for 41.0 % and poor for 31.0 % of pharmacists. Significant factors influencing adverse drug reaction reporting included years of experience (<em>P</em> = 0.012) and awareness of the pharmacovigilance center (<em>P</em> = 0.000). The serious nature of adverse drug reactions was identified as the key facilitator for reporting (40.5 %), while well-documented adverse drug reactions in the literature (21.2 %) and lack of time (19.5 %) were the primary barriers among pharmacists.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study emphasizes the potential enhancement of adverse drug reaction reporting among community pharmacists by addressing poor knowledge, neutral attitudes, and barriers like time constraints. Targeted educational interventions and structured reporting frameworks are essential to enhance pharmacovigilance and ensure medication safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving medication safety with proactive reconciliation in acute coronary syndrome patients: A randomized trial","authors":"Mahdieh Fatemi-Nejad ,&nbsp;Maryam Mehrpooya ,&nbsp;Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam ,&nbsp;Kimia Shirmohammadi ,&nbsp;Maryam Zamanirafe ,&nbsp;Mahdis Sharifikia ,&nbsp;Azadeh Eshraghi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at an increased risk of medication errors due to the complexity of medication regimens, frequent transitions of care, the use of high-risk medications, and their vulnerability to adverse events.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effectiveness and time efficiency of proactive versus retroactive medication reconciliation models in preventing unintentional medication discrepancies in patients hospitalized with ACS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conducted from January to June 2024 at a specialty cardiovascular teaching hospital in West Iran, the study included 162 eligible patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) with a diagnosis of ACS and taking at least five regular medications. Patients were randomly assigned to either the proactive or retroactive reconciliation group (81 each). A clinical pharmacist led both reconciliation models, supported by trained pharmacy interns who conducted patient interviews to obtain detailed medication histories. Primary outcome measures included the number and types of unintentional medication discrepancies identified, as well as their potential harm.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 654 medications were reconciled using the proactive approach, compared to 627 with the retroactive method. Among the discrepancies identified, 13 % were unintentional in the proactive group, whereas 44 % were unintentional in the retroactive group (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Additionally, 66.7 % of patients in the retroactive group had at least one discrepancy, compared to 38.3 % in the proactive group (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). The average number of unintentional discrepancies per patient was significantly lower in the proactive approach (0.6) than in the retroactive model (1.7; p &lt; 0.001). Over 51 % of errors in the retroactive group had the potential for moderate or severe harm, while most errors in the proactive model were assessed as having only mild harm (86.5 %; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). The acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations regarding unintentional medication discrepancies was higher in the retroactive reconciliation group compared to the retroactive group (68 % vs. 21 %; p &lt; 0.001), and physicians reported greater satisfaction with the proactive method. Furthermore, the proactive model demonstrated superior time efficiency in completing the medication reconciliation process and resolving discrepancies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our findings demonstrate that the proactive model of medication reconciliation is more time-efficient and effective in preventing unintentional medication discrepancies in patients hospitalized with ACS compared to the retroactive approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Trial registration&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/74760&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;p","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the in-depth analysis of Serious Adverse Drug Reactions in a tertiary care hospital of Central India","authors":"Preeti Singh ,&nbsp;Shekhar Verma ,&nbsp;Yogesh Vaishnav ,&nbsp;Usha Joshi ,&nbsp;Manju Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100579","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Serious Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) represent a critical challenge in contemporary healthcare, necessitating comprehensive investigation and analysis. Within Central India, where healthcare systems grapple with unique demographic, epidemiological, and infrastructural dynamics, understanding the landscape of serious ADRs is paramount.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to evaluate serious ADRs related to age, gender, most implicated class of drugs &amp; single drug, hospital admission, most affected system organ classes, causality and outcome of reactions and fatalities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This retrospective study analysed serious individual case safety reports (ICSRs) recorded from January 2016 to December 2019 at the Department of Pharmacology, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur (ADR monitoring centre), and submitted to the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India database using VigiFlow® for further process. ADRs were collected from Dr. BRAM Hospital and DKS Hospital and recorded using the standard suspected ADR reporting form (version 1.4). Cases were classified as serious if they met at least one criterion from the WHO-UMC scale, with some cases meeting multiple criteria. Causality was assessed using the WHO-UMC scale, ensuring patient and reporter confidentiality. Descriptive statistics such as number and frequency were used to analyse serious ADRs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 762 ICSRs were entered into VigiFlow® during the study period, of which 239 (31.36 %) were classified as serious ADRs. The demographic distribution revealed a slight preponderance of females 125 (52.30 %) over males 113 (47.28 %). The hospital admissions due to ADRs were 57 (23.84 %). Antibiotics were the most commonly associated drug class (52.30 %), followed by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (11.29 %). Among individual drugs, ceftriaxone and phenytoin were the most common drugs involved in serious ADRs. Adults were the most affected, 185 (77.40 %) compared to other age groups. The skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, system organ class (SOC)155 (46.55 %) was highly affected, while erythematous and maculopapular rashes were the most common. Eleven Stevens-Johnson syndrome cases and three toxic epidermal necrolysis cases, like specific ADRs, were also obtained. The most ADRs were probable 121 (50.60 %) and possible 100 (41.84 %) category.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study highlights the significant burden of serious ADRs within Central India, emphasising the need for heightened pharmacovigilance and targeted interventions, especially among adults. The prevalence of serious ADRs in females and adults and the impact on hospitalisations emphasise the need for cautious drug use, especially in inpatient settings. Limited understanding and reporting exist regarding the profile of serious ADRs in resource-limited countries. The findings will contribute to developing s","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extent and type of use, opportunities and concerns of ChatGPT in community pharmacy: A survey of community pharmacy staff","authors":"Emma Janske de Ruiter ,&nbsp;Vesna Maria Eimermann ,&nbsp;Claudia Rijcken ,&nbsp;Katja Taxis ,&nbsp;Sander Diederik Borgsteede","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Since the widespread availability of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), the public is confronted with accessible artificial intelligence tools. There is limited knowledge on the use, concerns and opportunities of ChatGPT in pharmacy practice in the Netherlands.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aims of this study were to explore the extent and type of use of ChatGPT in community pharmacy and to identify concerns and opportunities for pharmacy practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A questionnaire was developed, tested and distributed to professionals that work in community pharmacy. The answers were analysed descriptively using frequency tables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of all participants (<em>n</em> = 106), 50.9 % had used ChatGPT, and 38.7 % (<em>n</em> = 24) of these users has used it in pharmacy. Participants saw opportunities for using ChatGPT as writing assistant or in quickly answering clinical questions. Concerns included not knowing what ChatGPT could be used for in pharmacy and not knowing what ChatGPT's answer is based on.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research shows that using ChatGPT as a writing assistant is valuable and can free up time. Although clinical questions seem promising, ChatGPT's answers are currently too unreliable and do not meet the required quality standards for good pharmaceutical care. If ChatGPT is used to answer clinical questions, crossreferencing with reliable sources is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}