Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"A cross-sectional survey exploring organizational readiness to implement community pharmacy-based opioid counseling and naloxone services in rural versus urban settings in Alabama","authors":"Lindsey Hohmann ,&nbsp;Kavon Diggs ,&nbsp;Giovanna Valle-Ramos ,&nbsp;Jessica Richardson ,&nbsp;Haley Phillippe ,&nbsp;Chris Correia ,&nbsp;Karen Marlowe ,&nbsp;Brent I. Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rural US regions experience lower naloxone dispensing rates compared to urban counterparts, particularly in Alabama. In light of this, strategies to enhance opioid counseling and naloxone services (OCN) in rural community pharmacies are critical. However, organizational readiness to implement OCN in rural versus urban contexts where resource networks may differ is not well understood.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to explore organizational readiness and identify factors associated with implementation of OCN in rural versus urban Alabama community pharmacies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Alabama community pharmacists and technicians were recruited to participate in an anonymous online cross-sectional survey via email. The survey instrument was adapted from the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA). Primary outcome measures included 3 overarching ORCA domains (Evidence, Context, and Facilitation) with 19 subscales regarding OCN implementation readiness, measured via 5-point Likert-type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Secondarily, pharmacy OCN implementation status (implementer, non-implementer, or in-development) was measured via multiple-choice (1-item). Differences in mean domain and subscale scores between rural and urban pharmacies were evaluated using Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> tests and influential factors affecting OCN implementation status were assessed via logistic regression (alpha = 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 171 respondents, the majority were pharmacists (78.6 %) in urban locations (57.1 %). Mean[SD] clinical experience evidence (Evidence) (3.98[0.69] vs 3.74[0.71]; <em>p</em> = 0.029), staff culture (Context) (4.04[0.66] vs 3.85[0.76]; <em>p</em> = 0.047), service measurement goals (Context) (3.92[0.77] vs 3.66[0.79]; <em>p</em> = 0.034), and senior management characteristics (Facilitation) (3.87[0.72] vs 3.71[0.66]; <em>p</em> = 0.045) subscales were higher in urban versus rural pharmacies. Notably, 66.7 % of pharmacies were current OCN implementers, and pharmacies with higher ORCA context domain scores had 3.230 greater odds of implementing or being in the process of developing OCN (95 % CI = 1.116–9.350; <em>p</em> = 0.031).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Organizational readiness to implement OCN was higher among urban versus rural pharmacies in terms of perceived strength of clinical evidence, staff culture, service measurement goals, and senior management characteristics. Future research may leverage key contextual factors to enhance OCN implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624001008/pdfft?md5=3814d34321a00dfde685818657938352&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624001008-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telepharmacy for outpatients with cancer: An implementation evaluation of videoconsults compared to telephone consults using the CFIR 2.0","authors":"Marissa Ryan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth C. Ward ,&nbsp;Clare Burns ,&nbsp;Christine Carrington ,&nbsp;Katharine Cuff ,&nbsp;Mhairi Mackinnon ,&nbsp;Centaine L. Snoswell","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Medication history telepharmacy consults are conducted prior to patients commencing their systemic anti-cancer therapy. At the study institution, this has historically been carried out as an unscheduled telephone consult. However, due to challenges with telephone consults, a scheduled videoconsult model was established. Funding, time efficiency, and completion rate for videoconsults compared to telephone consults have been examined previously.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to determine staff perceptions of the factors that influence implementation, including enablers and barriers, for videoconsults compared to telephone consults, to inform model sustainability.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff (<em>n</em> = 14) involved with the videoconsult service, or who provided care for patients who had a videoconsult. Interviews were coded for positive or negative influence and strength using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0, to understand which constructs influence implementation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-nine of the 79 constructs, from across four domains were identified as influences for the telephone and videoconsult models. Six constructs were strongly differentiating for videoconsults over telephone consults. Of the 25 positively influencing constructs for the videoconsult model, strongest ratings (+2) were given for innovation advantages, critical incidents, support persons assisting in the consult, financing related to funding reimbursement, and telehealth coordinator capability and motivation. Barriers unique to the videoconsult model included the many steps that were involved, compatibility with workflows, and pharmacist resource. Similarities and differences unique to each model were identified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings demonstrated a number of strongly differentiating constructs highlighting superiority of the videoconsult model. However, implementation of both models had multiple enablers and barriers that may influence adoption. The potential of a hybrid service, using both telephone consults and videoconsults, may help optimise delivery of services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000982/pdfft?md5=2107790153b4c9177e5aaaaa777b0fce&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000982-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining how customers perceive community pharmacies based on Google maps reviews: Multivariable and sentiment analysis","authors":"Yahya Ali Laghbi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Dhoayan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to understand customer perceptions of community pharmacies utilizing publicly available data from Google Maps platform.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Python was used to scrape data with Google Maps APIs. As a result, 17,237 reviews were collected from 512 pharmacies distributed over Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Logistic regression was conducted to test the relationships between multiple variables and the given score. In addition, sentiment analysis using VADER (Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning) model was conducted on written reviews, followed by cross-tabulation and chi-square tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Logistic regression model implies that a unit increase in the Pharmacy score enhances the odds of attaining a higher score by approximately 3.734 times. The Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> test showed that a notable and statistically significant difference between “written reviews” and “unwritten reviews” (U = 39,928,072.5, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The Pearson chi-square test generated a value of 2991.315 with 8 degrees of freedom, leading to a <em>p</em> value of 0.000.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our study found that the willingness of reviewers to write reviews depends on their perception. This study provides a descriptive analysis of conducted sentiment analysis using VADAR. The chi-square test indicates a significant relationship between rating scores and review sentiments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study offers valuable findings on customer perception of community pharmacies using a new source of data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000957/pdfft?md5=82611992fcf2eb629042786baf84411e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000957-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of subjective well-being on medication adherence: A cross-sectional study among individuals with multiple chronic diseases","authors":"Mohamad Ismail ,&nbsp;Mayssah El-Nayal ,&nbsp;Souraya Domiati","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Medication non-adherence is a significant barrier to optimal treatment goals. The study explores the association between subjective well-being (SWB) and medication adherence among Lebanese individuals with multiple chronic diseases and identifies additional factors that may influence adherence in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted for three months at six community pharmacies. Adherence was assessed using the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale Arabic Lebanese Version (ARMS-A). The SWB was measured using the Arabic Scale of Happiness (ASH), Love of Life Scale (LLS), Arab Hope Scale (AHS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Spearmen's Rho correlation analyzed the association between ARMS-A and SWB constructs. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of adherence among individuals with chronic diseases and on multiple chronic medications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 400 participants, 106 (26.5 %) with a 95 % CI, 0.22–0.31, were adherent. Lower medication adherence (reflected in higher ARMS-A scores) was associated with lower SWB (<em>p</em> = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that lower education (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.21, 95 % CI, 1.01–4.81), lack of a specific diet (OR = 1.64, 95 % CI, 1.01–2.69), and frequent hospital and/or emergency visits (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.29, 95 % CI, 1.75–6.17 for 2 visits; OR = 2.71, 95 % CI, 1.43–5.14 for ≥3 visits) significantly increased the odds of non-adherence to chronic treatment. However, higher income (OR = 0.06, 95 % CI, 0.01–0.38), healthcare provider occupation (OR = 0.42, 95 % CI, 0.21–0.48), and having diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI, 0.36–0.96) correlated with better adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A significant portion of participants failed to adhere to their prescribed chronic medications, influenced by multicomplex socioeconomic, psychological, and health-related factors. These findings demonstrate the need for culturally-tailored, pharmacist-led interventions to improve medication adherence and overall health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000933/pdfft?md5=1bec07e54ffb5c03f625b8612f1135e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding antibiotic purchasing practices in community pharmacies: A potential driver of emerging antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Abdullah Al Masud ,&nbsp;Ramesh Lahiru Walpola ,&nbsp;Malabika Sarker ,&nbsp;Alamgir Kabir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asaduzzaman ,&nbsp;Md Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Ayesha Tasnim Mostafa ,&nbsp;Zubair Akhtar ,&nbsp;Mrittika Barua ,&nbsp;Holly Seale","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a transboundary health issue, critically impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where 80% of antibiotics are used in the community, with 20–50% being inappropriate. Southeast-Asia, including Bangladesh, faces heightened AMR risk due to suboptimal healthcare standard and unregulated antibiotic sales. This study aimed to audit antibiotic dispensing patterns from community pharmacies, identifying factors influencing purchasing behaviors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional survey of 385 antibiotic customers and structured observations of 1000 pharmacy dispensing events were conducted in four urban and rural areas in Bangladesh. Descriptive analysis defined antibiotic use, while Poisson regression examined how patients' demographics and health symptoms influenced prescription behaviors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 1000 observed medicine dispensing events, 25.9% were antibiotics. Commonly purchased antibiotics included macrolides (22.8%), third-generation-cephalosporins (20.8%), and second-generation-cephalosporins (16.9%). Following WHO-AWaRe classifications, 73.5% of antibiotics were categorized as Watch, and 23.1% as Access. From the survey, 56.6% antibiotics were purchased without a prescription from drug-sellers and informal healthcare providers, primarily for “non-severe” health-symptoms such as upper-respiratory-tract infections (37.4%), fever (31.7%), uncomplicated skin infections (20%), gastrointestinal-infections (11.2%), and urinary-tract infections (7.9%). The likelihood of presenting a prescription while purchasing antibiotics was 27% lower for individuals aged 6–59 compared to those ≤5 or ≥ 60. Lower-respiratory-tract infections and enteric-fever had higher prescription rates, with adjusted prevalence ratios of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.03) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.29), respectively. After adjusting for confounders, sex, urban-rural locations, income, education, and number of health-symptoms exhibited no significant influence on prescription likelihood.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study underscores unregulated antibiotic sales without prescriptions, urging tailored interventions considering prevailing health-seeking practices in diverse healthcare settings in LMICs. Enforcing prescription-only regulations is hindered by easy access through community pharmacies and conflicts of interest. Future strategies should consider how stewardship impacts the financial interests of pharmacy personnel in settings lacking clear authority to ensure optimal compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000829/pdfft?md5=afe9425d58427834aa9fdaf2b50e54b3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000829-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of an osteoporosis medication management service in community pharmacy, a cohort study","authors":"Jonathan Phuong ,&nbsp;Sunny Manon ,&nbsp;Rebekah Moles ,&nbsp;Deborah Mason ,&nbsp;Carol Vleeskens ,&nbsp;Fatima Rezae ,&nbsp;Christopher White ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Center ,&nbsp;Stephen Carter","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Background:</strong> Effective treatment of osteoporosis is hindered by poor adherence and lack of persistence with medical therapy. Interventions can be designed to elicit and address patients' concerns about side effects and promote self-management. <strong>Objective(s):</strong> The aim was to develop and evaluate the impact of a community pharmacy-based medication management intervention on patients' adherence to osteoporosis medicines using both objective and subjective measures of adherence. Secondary aims were to report the proportion of patients that had been referred to their General Practitioner (GP) for assistance with osteoporosis management, and to measure patients' experiences with the service. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a cohort design. Community pharmacy dispensing data were obtained as an objective measure of adherence. Self-reported beliefs about medicines (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire) and self-reported adherence (Medication Adherence Reporting Scale 5) were also collected. Data were collected and compared between baseline, 4 weeks after intervention, and endpoint (approximately a year after intervention). Analysis of correlations between measures was also conducted. GP referral percentage and perceived service quality scale (pSQS-SF6) was obtained. <strong>Results:</strong> Pharmacists and support staff from 26 Australian community pharmacies were recruited and trained to implement the service, and 107 patients were recruited. Of these, 71 were available for follow-up interviews by research team at 4 weeks, and 54 at the endpoint. No changes were found in pre-post analysis for the objective or self-reported measures of adherence. Patients' concerns about osteoporosis medicines were lower at 4 weeks and at the study endpoint compared to baseline. Uptake of pharmacists' referrals to patients' GPs was 48.1% by 4 weeks. Patient experience was rated highly (median pSQS-SF6 = 6.5/7). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study demonstrates the potential of community pharmacy interventions designed to optimize medication adherence by eliciting patients' thoughts and feelings about using osteoporosis medicines and addressing them using motivational interview techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000854/pdfft?md5=0cf2404a2bb93a3ca565f0cf764bcc7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000854-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Autism Stigma Knowledge – Questionnaire (ASK-Q) for Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"Paulo Vítor Schultz ,&nbsp;Bárbara Brambila-Manso ,&nbsp;Larissa Couto-Rosa ,&nbsp;Kérilin Stancine Santos Rocha ,&nbsp;Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de Araújo ,&nbsp;Lorena Rocha Ayres ,&nbsp;Genival Araujo dos Santos Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low levels of knowledge among health professionals about autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can impair the care provided to people with autism. In Brazil, there are still no validated instruments that assess the knowledge of pharmacy students and pharmacists regarding ASD.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Autism Stigma Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q) into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the evidence of content validity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was conducted in two stages, as recommended in the literature. Stage 1 corresponded to cross-cultural adaptation carried out in six phases (translation of the ASK-Q, synthesis of the translations, evaluation by a committee of experts, evaluation by the target audience of pharmacy students and pharmacists, reverse translation, and evaluation by the author of the original instrument). Step 2 corresponds to the assessment of content validity evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The instrument presented semantic, idiomatic, conceptual, and cultural equivalences, and the author considered the adaptation adequate. Content validity had an adequate coefficient (0.89). The ASK-Q was cross-culturally adapted to the Brazilian context according to the main theoretical framework.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Future studies will be conducted to evaluate other evidence for the validity of the ASK-Q-Brasil. These studies will be fundamental in assessing knowledge about ASD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000921/pdfft?md5=91d2056cfe4006c2cf1e3c40074a261d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000921-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, interpersonal relationships and professional satisfaction: determinants to support pharmaceutical reengineering","authors":"Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto,&nbsp;Aline Santana Dosea,&nbsp;Divaldo Pereira de Lyra-Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Professionalism represents the ethical contract that binds professionals and society. Its technical aspects, such as the professional practice model, form the foundation for attitudinal and behavioral characteristics, including the fiduciary relationship between pharmacists and patients. Despite significant interest in the topic, contextualizing professionalism proves to be a challenging endeavor, relying on collaboration among formal leaders, academics, and practitioners in the field. Consequently, defining, understanding, teaching, and evaluating pharmaceutical professionalism contribute to shape societal perceptions and the understanding of pharmacists and students, who may occasionally struggle to grasp the underlying rationale behind professional practices. Moreover, contextualizing professionalism entails addressing various challenges, such as fostering support for professionalism and its adaptation, which encompasses pharmacists' performance across diverse clinical services, their interpersonal interactions with patients, families, communities, and fellow healthcare professionals, as well as personal job satisfaction amidst obstacles as job insecurity, ethical dilemmas, and compromised autonomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000945/pdfft?md5=c5f94528c671a2959556b977591848d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use by patients: Impact of modular educational training on pharmacists' questioning, counselling and risk assessments","authors":"Segun Johnson Showande,&nbsp;Tolulope Eunice Akinbode","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-related morbidity and mortality can be reduced through medication counselling and risk reduction.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study evaluated the impact of short online modular NSAID training on the type and quality of questions asked, risk factors assessed, and counselling offered by community pharmacists to NSAID users.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional questionnaire-guided survey conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, among 87 pharmacists evaluated the frequency of counselling, NSAID risk factor assessment and barriers to risk assessment. Additionally, a before-and-after RCT was used to evaluate the impact of short online modular NSAID training for the intervention group (IG) on the type and quality of the questions asked, counselling provided, and risk assessed by the pharmacists. Eight standardised patients, aged 25–43 years, four at pre- and postintervention, presented four standardised scenarios at community pharmacies [IG, <em>n</em> = 22, control group (CG, <em>n</em> = 30)] to assess these outcomes. The quality of each outcome (questions asked, counselling offered and risk assessed) was classified as poor (0–≤20%), fair (&gt;20–≤40%), moderate (&gt;40 – ≤60%), or optimal (&gt;60–100%). The data are presented with descriptive statistics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The community pharmacists reported counselling patients on NSAID precautions (80–86%) and dosages (51–69%). Gastrointestinal bleeding risk was assessed by 61–89% of the pharmacists, and time constraints (39–42%) and patient impatience (47–75%) were some barriers to risk assessment. Online modular educational intervention significantly improved the types and quality of questions asked by pharmacists (CG: poor to fair, 16%–21%; IG: poor to moderate, 14%–45%), NSAID risk factors assessed (CG: poor to poor, 10%–9%; IG: poor to fair, 11%–27%) and counselling offered (CG: poor to poor, 6%–7%; IG: poor to fair, 6%–22%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Short online modular educational training on NSAIDs improved the types and quality of the questions asked, NSAID risk factors assessed, and counselling provided by community pharmacists to patients during consultations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266727662400091X/pdfft?md5=3c7c7a6f8be145179d056e50194f5f76&pid=1-s2.0-S266727662400091X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to implement the redispensing of unused oral anticancer drugs in clinical care: A hybrid-effectiveness type I study","authors":"Elisabeth M. Smale ,&nbsp;Eva W. Verkerk ,&nbsp;Eibert R. Heerdink ,&nbsp;Toine C.G. Egberts ,&nbsp;Bart J.F. van den Bemt ,&nbsp;Charlotte L. Bekker","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Minimizing medication waste through the redispensing of oral anticancer drugs (OADs) that were unused by patients provides economic and environmental benefits, but this is not yet universally implemented in clinical care.</p></div><div><h3>Objective(S)</h3><p>To identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of redispensing unused OADs in clinical care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A multicentre intervention study following a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type I design was conducted, consisting of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in the redispensing program: pharmacy employees, prescribing clinicians in oncology and haematology, patients who participated in redispensing and patients who declined trial participation. Questions encompassed experiences and suggestions for future implementation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided data collection and categorisation of identified barriers and facilitators through thematic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 35 interviews were conducted, identifying 15 themes encompassing barriers and facilitators, reflecting all CFIR domains. Facilitators encompassed: 1) convenient process requiring an acceptable time-investment; 2) support from project leaders and implementation champions; 3) being well-motivated by personal values and societal impact; 4) feeling ensured of medication quality upon redispensing; 5) endorsement by healthcare providers for patient participation; 6) clear and personal patient communication; 7) good visibility of intervention successes; and 8) implementation well supported through a collaborative network. Barriers encompassed: 1) unclear target population; 2) redispensing legally prohibited; 3) absence of financial compensation for pharmacies; 4) complexity arising from two parallel work processes; 5) widespread communication on adjustments within local teams challenging; 6) patient's low receptiveness due to burden of oncology treatment; and 7) lack of familiarization among pharmacy technicians.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Facilitators for implementation of redispensing unused drugs mainly related to people's values, motivation, and societal demand, whereas barriers mainly encompassed practical issues, including knowledge, time, financial resources, and legal conditions. Strategies emphasizing the benefits of redispensing and further streamlining process compatibility could support implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000908/pdfft?md5=09cc8cad4538f7d46ef03f01abd7fac9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000908-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}