{"title":"Design and development of a mobile application for drug information and other health data for users and patients of pharmacies and outpatient pharmaceutical services","authors":"Raquel Agudelo , Johan Granados , Mauricio Ceballos , Jaime Andrés Pereañez","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has transformed multiple sectors, including healthcare, by enhancing access to information, optimizing service management, and reshaping interactions between healthcare professionals and users.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>(1) To enhance the accessibility and quality of PC services, (2) to advance digital health implementation in Colombia by integrating pharmaceutical practice with innovative technological solutions that promote patient empowerment and patient- centered care models, (3) to demonstrate a comprehensive workflow for developing e- health applications using a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employed a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach, structured in four phases: (1) identification of user needs through an exploratory review and a descriptive study; (2) gathering and prioritization of functional requirements using the MoSCoW method; (3) design and development of a prototype based on six thematic databases; and (4) usability testing through task-based user evaluations and satisfaction rating scales.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 72 functional requirements were identified and categorized into two main groups: those related to information provision and those linked to specific application features. Twenty functionalities were prioritized as essential, including drug information searches, healthy lifestyle guidance, medication intake reminders, and pharmacy geolocation. The final prototype comprised eight functional modules.Usability testing showed that 100 % of users completed most tasks, with task times under one minute and high satisfaction scores across all evaluated components.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The application demonstrated high levels of acceptance and usability, establishing itself as a potentially effective tool to improve access to pharmaceutical care services, empower patients, and promote safe medication use in outpatient settings. Additionally, the methodology presented in this study may serve as a reference for the development of future digital health tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the experience of managers, employees, and pharmacists in clinical pharmacy in primary care using the SEIPS model: A focus group study","authors":"Karin Svensberg , Lea Axelsson , Lina Hellström","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Medication management in primary care faces challenges that affect patient outcomes.</div><div>The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in care teams aims to address these issues. In Nordic countries, the role of clinical pharmacy services in primary care is still evolving with limited research. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model provides a framework for evaluating healthcare systems by examining the system factors and processes that influence outcomes. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the integration and advancement of the role of pharmacists in primary care using the SEIPS model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A focus group study was conducted with four groups (<em>n</em> = 17): managers, pharmacists, nurses, and general practitioners. Deductive thematic analysis guided by the SEIPS model was used to structure the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite taking time to establish the pharmacist as a colleague, the participants expressed satisfaction with the collaboration and the pharmacist's role within the work system and processes at healthcare centres. Central factors for system and process development were identified, including a needs-based and structured approach to implementation, pharmacists with the right qualities and skills, teamwork, and physical presence. Perceived outcomes included increased pharmaceutical knowledge among coworkers and patients, reduced workload for staff, and improved patient safety regarding therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Participants emphasised the potential of integrating pharmacists into primary care to address medication-management challenges. The SEIPS model provides insights into work system dynamics and can help develop the role of pharmacists in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayley Man , Ajesh George , Arash Rudman , Meng-Wong Taing , Angela Masoe , Leanne Smith , Woosung Sohn , Bradley Christian
{"title":"Oral health educational interventions for pharmacists and pharmacy staff: A scoping review","authors":"Hayley Man , Ajesh George , Arash Rudman , Meng-Wong Taing , Angela Masoe , Leanne Smith , Woosung Sohn , Bradley Christian","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Oral diseases are a significant public health issue globally, however timely access to healthcare can assist in reducing this disease burden. Pharmacists and pharmacy staff are increasingly being recognised as a valuable health service resource, especially in rural-remote areas where access to dental services is limited. Access to oral health training is a challenge that has been identified to enable pharmacists and staff to integrate oral healthcare into their routine practice.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To identify and examine the characteristics of existing oral health education interventions for pharmacy staff including evaluation outcomes of the identified interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Medline, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched. Citation searching and a structured grey literature search was performed using search engine Google, OAIster, BASE, dental and pharmacy organization websites. The review method was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (the PRISMA-ScR). Studies were eligible if they described an educational intervention focused on oral health for pharmacists or pharmacy staff, in any setting, and reported characteristics, content, delivery, or evaluation outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Ten oral health educational interventions for pharmacists and pharmacy staff were identified. The most common topics covered were general oral health promotion and management of common oral presentations in pharmacies. Most interventions had a single delivery format, such as a standalone online module or printed resource, rather than a suite of complementary materials combining multiple formats. Four were accredited as continuing professional development. Three identified interventions required membership to professional organisations. One resource had published literature on an evaluation process which reported that participants considered the content acceptable, relevant, and feasible to incorporate into pharmacy practice; however, it did not measure changes in knowledge, attitudes, confidence, or practice quantitatively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There are very limited publicly accessible oral health educational interventions for pharmacy staff, and little evidence on their impact including KAP (Knowledge Attitudes and Practices), confidence, feasibility and acceptability. Addressing these gaps could support pharmacists to play a greater role in meeting oral health needs, particularly in underserved areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John M. Vasko , Erin Shirley Orey , Carolanne Wartman , James K. Rowlett , Jefferson D. Parker , Donna M. Platt , Julie A. Schumacher
{"title":"Leveraging pharmacy partnerships and Grant funding to improve access to medications for opioid use disorder","authors":"John M. Vasko , Erin Shirley Orey , Carolanne Wartman , James K. Rowlett , Jefferson D. Parker , Donna M. Platt , Julie A. Schumacher","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased availability and access to FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) can improve efforts to address the ongoing opioid public health crisis. Pharmacist collaboration is essential yet often inconsistent in MOUD access. This unpredictability creates a treatment bottleneck, especially in rural areas.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the reasons for independent pharmacies' reluctance to collaborate with the Mississippi Horizons Project, a program designed to improve patient access to MOUD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Horizons team member contacted pharmacies using a script to inquire about accepting payment for a patient's MOUD prescription. Pharmacist responses about collaboration (i.e., collaborated or denied collaboration) after initial contact and follow-up were summarized. A single coder inductively derived categories within which responses about collaboration were totaled.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After initial contact and follow-up, only slightly more than half of pharmacies contacted (53.5 %) collaborated with the Horizons project to accept payment for and dispense MOUD. Categories for non-collaboration included regulatory misperceptions, unfamiliarity with patients and providers, and payment and logistical barriers. Successful efforts for collaboration after initial contact included utilizing existing relationships with pharmacies and providing additional information about the Horizons project.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integrating educational interventions with structural and policy measures, while fostering collaborative partnerships with pharmacies and other key stakeholders, can help increase familiarity, reduce stigma, address operational challenges, and enhance cooperation to increase pharmacy collaboration and MOUD access to patients in rural areas and nationwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bálint Márk Domián , Amir Reza Ashraf , András Tamás Fittler , Mátyás Káplár , Róbert György Vida
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence platforms and drug interaction screening databases using real-world patient data","authors":"Bálint Márk Domián , Amir Reza Ashraf , András Tamás Fittler , Mátyás Káplár , Róbert György Vida","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The use of multiple medications increases the risk of harmful drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Conventional DDI screening databases vary in coverage and often trigger low-relevance alerts, contributing to alert fatigue. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools for DDI identification, however, their performance compared to established databases using real-world patient data remains under-explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this exploratory study, we compared conventional database screening with LLM-based screening using anonymized medication lists from rheumatology patients. Lexicomp, Medscape and <span><span>Drugs.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> were used to compile a reference set of 204 clinically relevant interactions across 57 cases. Using identical prompts, we then queried ChatGPT, Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot for interactions potentially requiring pharmacists' intervention. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1 score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the reference set of 204 DDIs, ChatGPT identified 439, Gemini 1556, and Copilot 1813 potential interactions. While Gemini achieved the highest sensitivity (0.697), ChatGPT demonstrated higher specificity (0.868). All three platforms demonstrated low precision scores. Overall, ChatGPT achieved the highest performance by F1 score (0.2520), followed by Gemini (0.1933) and Copilot (0.1153). Our results suggest that no AI systems assessed achieve the required balance of precision and sensitivity for reliable clinical decision-making in DDI screening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although LLMs show promise as complementary tools in DDI screening, as they proved effective in identifying true interactions, they generate clinically inaccurate information due to hallucinations, which limits their reliability as standalone screening tools. Consequently, while LLMs could support clinical pharmacists in polypharmacy management, their outputs must always undergo professional validation to ensure patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghan D. McNulty , Michael E. Guerra, Kristina Shvets, Philip Rosselli, Adam L. Ackerman, Roberta Chuong , Jessie Riemer
{"title":"Incorporating patient preference into as needed pain orders at a large academic health system","authors":"Meghan D. McNulty , Michael E. Guerra, Kristina Shvets, Philip Rosselli, Adam L. Ackerman, Roberta Chuong , Jessie Riemer","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Joint Commission Accreditation Surveys at multiple hospitals within the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS) revealed that patients often requested lower doses and/or lower potencies of as needed (PRN) pain medications than those ordered for their reported pain score. This resulted in the potential for PRN pain medications to be given without a proper order or risking a delay in care while waiting for a new medication order to be placed by a clinician. This project followed the requirements set forth by The Joint Commission to seamlessly integrate patient preferences into the health system electronic health record (EHR) to enhance patient care and reduce unnecessary opioid consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two Joint Commission Standards that provided project guidance were PC.01.02.07 (the hospital manages and assesses patient pain while minimizing risks) and MM.04.01.01 (medication orders are clear and accurate). Implementing the proposal involved modifying the existing PRN pain orders and the Medication Administration Record (MAR) and updating the YNHHS Pain Assessment and Management policy. Education was developed and shared with clinicians, nursing, and pharmacy, along with a Tips and Tricks document for this newly developed workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The project successfully enhanced utilization of as needed pain medication orders through incorporation of patient preference options into PRN pain medication orders. Feedback after implementation from clinicians and nursing staff was also positive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This project successfully demonstrates how large academic health systems can incorporate patient preference into PRN pain orders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Alves da Costa , F. Fernandez-Llimos , S. Desselle , I. Arnet , Z. Babar , C. Bond , M. Cordina , V. Garcia Cardenas , M.S. El Hajj , R. Jacobsen , A.V. Law , L.S. Nørgaard , C. Polidori , N. Shcherbakova , D. Stewart , F. Tonin , A.E. Weidmann
{"title":"The International Collaboration of Pharmacy Journal Editors (ICPJE)formally constituted to foster quality around clinical and social pharmacy practice research publications","authors":"F. Alves da Costa , F. Fernandez-Llimos , S. Desselle , I. Arnet , Z. Babar , C. Bond , M. Cordina , V. Garcia Cardenas , M.S. El Hajj , R. Jacobsen , A.V. Law , L.S. Nørgaard , C. Polidori , N. Shcherbakova , D. Stewart , F. Tonin , A.E. Weidmann","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of automated dispensing cabinets in hospitals","authors":"Melanie Dalby","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maarten Lambert , Liset van Dijk , Ria Benko , Carl Llor , Jesper Lykkegaard , Aukje K. Mantel-Teeuwisse , Lisa Pont , Katja Taxis
{"title":"The role of the community pharmacist in antibiotic use – a commentary on current status and future perspectives","authors":"Maarten Lambert , Liset van Dijk , Ria Benko , Carl Llor , Jesper Lykkegaard , Aukje K. Mantel-Teeuwisse , Lisa Pont , Katja Taxis","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most antibiotics are prescribed, dispensed, and consumed in the community setting. Community pharmacists have a great potential to optimise antibiotic use and mitigate antibiotic resistance in this setting through antibiotic stewardship. This commentary aims to highlight critical areas where community pharmacists can contribute to optimising antibiotic use and to offer suggestions for how this can be implemented in practice.</div><div>Currently, the role of the community pharmacist is mostly limited to dispensing of antibiotics and treatment of minor infectious ailments. This role needs to evolve to optimise antibiotic use and mitigate resistance development. Following the Social Care Framework for applying person-centred healthcare, there are five strategies through which the role of the community pharmacist can evolve: awareness, adjustment, assistance, alignment, and advocacy. Concretely, this could include many different activities such as better informing and counselling patients, optimising antibiotic treatment duration and choice, exact quantity dispensing, performing point-of-care tests, pharmacist prescribing of antibiotics, and joining academic detailing and public health campaigns.</div><div>To achieve this, education, policy, and research need to be further aligned. In many countries, pharmacy education on antimicrobial stewardship needs a stronger basis in universities, followed by early career specialisation and continuous professional development. National and international policy changes are needed to recognise such specialisations and allow more advanced pharmacy services. Pharmacy research must be expanded and tailored to the community setting with innovative and practice-based designs. This will allow community pharmacists to fully embrace an enhanced position in antibiotic use and primary care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire D. Visser , Alan Sulaiman , Narrin Bakr , Henk-Jan Guchelaar , Martina Teichert
{"title":"Environmentally friendly inhaler decision-making with personalized care in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study","authors":"Claire D. Visser , Alan Sulaiman , Narrin Bakr , Henk-Jan Guchelaar , Martina Teichert","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Green behavioral shifts in prescribing habits, device selection and patient counseling have been proposed to deliver low-carbon sustainable healthcare, including the transition from pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) to propellant-free inhalers.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study explores the extent to which healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients can factor the environmental impact into inhaler decision-making with personalized care in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An exploratory qualitative study was conducted involving seven focus groups and one semi-structured interview with 22 participants consisting of general practitioners, community pharmacists, pulmonologists, assistants and patients. Data was analyzed deductively to identify challenges and facilitators related to capability, opportunity and motivation; and inductively for actions to foster environmentally conscious behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, participants felt a moral responsibility and were willing to opt for environmentally friendly inhaler initiatives including a shift from pMDIs to dry-powder inhalers (DPIs), if clinically appropriate and performed as outcome of shared decision-making. Collaboration between researchers and relevant stakeholders was required to strengthen their capacity to advance in this area. Proposed strategies covered five areas: (1) communication, education and awareness; (2) appropriate inhaler prescribing; (3) promotion of smarter inhaler choices; (4) optimization of quality of care; and (5) appropriate inhaler disposal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings guide the delivery of a range of opportunities to improve quality of care while simultaneously reduce carbon footprint. This requires a multifactorial and interdisciplinary approach with HCPs playing a central role in engaging and educating patients to determine the viability of environmentally friendly alternatives, promote correct inhaler use and appropriate disposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}