Acta Neuropsychiatrica最新文献

{"title":"The burden of major depressive disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.","authors":"Saeid Safiri, Seyed Ehsan Mousavi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Mark J M Sullman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani","doi":"10.1017/neu.2023.42","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability. We aimed to report the MDD-attributable prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publicly available data on the burden of MDD were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 for the 21 countries in MENA. The counts and age-standardised rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, MDD had an age-standardised point prevalence of 3322.1 and an incidence rate of 4921.7 per 100,000 population in MENA. Furthermore, there were 4.1 million YLDs in 2019. However, there were no substantial changes in the MDD burden over the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Palestine had the highest burden of MDD. The highest prevalence, incidence and YLDs attributable to MDD were found in the 35-39 age group. In 2019, the YLD rate in MENA was higher than the global rate for almost all age groups. Furthermore, there was a broadly negative association between the YLD rate and SDI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the need to prevent the disorder using a multidisciplinary approach and for the provision of cost-effective treatments for those affected, in order to increase their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Dispositional Empathy in South African Children.","authors":"S. Malcolm-Smith, Lea-Ann Pileggi, Raphaella Lewis","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Empathy is a key factor to examine in development, because of its predictive associations with both aggression and successful prosocial behavior. However, established measures of empathy for Low-to-Middle Income Countries, including South Africa, are lacking. In children, parent-report measures are key. However, a local study examining empathy and aggression (Malcolm-Smith et al., 2015) found poor psychometric performance for a widely used parent-report measure of dispositional empathy, the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM). We thus investigated which of two questionnaires measuring dispositional cognitive and affective empathy perform better in this context.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000We contrasted internal consistency reliability of a simplified version of the GEM (SGEM; n = 160) and a parent-report version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; n = 440) in a low-mid socio-economic status sample. Convergence between the measures and factor structure were also assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The parent-report version of the QCAE performed well as a measure of child dispositional cognitive and affective empathy, with good reliability (overall α= .90 vs. SGEM α= .63), and confirmatory factor analysis supporting the two-factor structure. The SGEM's reliability and failure to correlate with QCAE indicated poor psychometric performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This is the first psychometric evaluation of the QCAE as a parent-report measure, and our results indicate that it should prove useful for future assessments of dispositional empathy in children across a variety of contexts.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of iv ketamine outcome on hospitalizations in an unselected psychiatric sample.","authors":"Karl Sandström, O. Kampman, Peter Asellus","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This study aims to explore the outcome with iv ketamine treatment in a real-world clinical setting, primarily measured as posttreatment days hospitalized.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The psychiatric medical records of 46 patients having received iv ketamine on a psychiatric treatment indication between 2015-2018 were retrospectively examined. Analysis comparing the number and duration of hospital admissions before and after ketamine treatment as well as logistic regression analysis to investigate clinical predictors of effectiveness, were performed. To assess patients' severity of depressed symptoms records were screened for MADRS-S scores.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No significant difference between pre- and posttreatment hospital days (p=0.170), or number of hospitalizations (p=0.740) were found. The response rate was 31% and remission rate 21%. None of the predictors showed statistical significance in the logistic model.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Iv ketamine treatment showed effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms even with complex patients in a real-world clinical setting. However, this did not translate to a reduction in hospitalization. Highlighting the multifaceted challenges posed when implementing iv ketamine treatment in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphisms in ERBB4 and TACR1 associated with dry mouth in clozapine-treated patients","authors":"Hanna Puolakka, Anssi Solismaa, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Merja Viikki, Niko Seppälä, Nina Mononen, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Kampman","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sialorrhea is a common and uncomfortable adverse effect of clozapine, and its severity varies between patients. The aim of the study was to select broadly genes related to the regulation of salivation and study associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth and polymorphisms in the selected genes. Methods: The study population consists of 237 clozapine-treated patients, of which 172 were genotyped. Associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth with age, sex, BMI, smoking, clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine serum levels, and other comedication were studied. Genetic associations were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models explaining sialorrhea and dry mouth with each SNP added separately to the model as coefficients. Results: Clozapine dose, clozapine or norclozapine concentration and their ratio were not associated with sialorrhea or dryness of mouth. Valproate use (p=0.013) and use of other antipsychotics (p=0.015) combined with clozapine were associated with excessive salivation. No associations were found between studied polymorphisms and sialorrhea. In analyses explaining dry mouth with logistic regression with age and sex as coefficients, two proxy-SNPs were associated with dry mouth: <jats:italic>epidermal growth factor receptor 4</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ERBB4</jats:italic>) rs3942465 (adjusted p=0.025) <jats:italic>and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1)</jats:italic> rs58933792 (adjusted p=0.029). Conclusion: Use of valproate or antipsychotic polypharmacy may increase the risk of sialorrhea. Genetic variations in <jats:italic>ERBB4</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TACR1</jats:italic> might contribute to experienced dryness of mouth among patients treated with clozapine.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Cortical Thickness or Surface Area and Divergent Thinking in Patients with Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Pei-Chi Tu, Wan-Chen Chang, Yi-Hsuan Kuan, Mu-Hong Chen, Tung-Ping Su","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Divergent thinking is a critical creative cognitive process. Its neural mechanisms have been well-studied through structural and functional imaging in healthy individuals but are less explored in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Because of the traditional link between creativity and BD, this study investigated the structural correlates of divergent thinking in patients with BD through surface-based morphometry. Methods: Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with BD I or BD II (35.3 ± 8.5 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched controls (33.9 ± 7.4 years) were recruited. The participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and an evaluation of divergent thinking by using the Chinese version of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA). FreeSurfer 7.0 was used to generate thickness and surface area maps for each participant. Brainwise regression of the association between cortical thickness or surface area and ATTA performance was conducted using general linear models. Results: Divergent thinking performance did not differ significantly between the patients with BD and the healthy controls. In these patients, total ATTA score was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle frontal gyrus, right occipital, and left precuneus but positively correlated with the surface area of the right superior frontal gyrus. By contrast, total ATTA scores and cortical thickness or surface area were not significantly correlated among the controls. Conclusion: The findings indicate that divergent thinking involves cerebral structures for executive control, mental imagery, and visual processing in patients with BD, and the right prefrontal cortex might be the most crucial of these structures.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) on Cognitive Functioning and Inflammation in Persons with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis","authors":"Gia Han Le, Angela T.H. Kwan, Ziji Guo, Sabrina Wong, Sebastian Badulescu, Hartej Gill, Kayla M. Teopiz, Shakila Meshkat, Felicia Ceban, Lee Phan, Mehala Subramaniapillai, Joshua D. Di Vincenzo, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Giacomo d’Andrea, Roger Ho, Taeho Greg Rhee, Roger S. McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:underline>ABSTRACT</jats:underline> Background: Individuals who have recovered from the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be at risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), characterized by a spectrum of persisting, non-specific, and functionally impairing symptoms across multiple organ systems. Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for PCC, mediated by chronic systemic inflammation. The foregoing has also been separately reported to mediate cognitive dysfunction in PCC. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating vortioxetine treatment for cognitive impairments in persons with PCC who received vortioxetine or placebo for eight weeks. This analysis comprises baseline data, examining the impacts of BMI on cognitive functioning measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Trails Making Tests (TMT)-A/B, as well as inflammation, via serum c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results: Complete data from 70 participants were statistically analyzed and adjusted for age and sex. BMI is negatively correlated with performance on the DSST (β=-0.003, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>=0.047), TMT-A (β=-0.006, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>=0.025), and TMT-B (β=-0.006, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>=0.002). BMI is positively correlated with serum CRP (unstandardized β=0.193, standardized β=0.612, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and ESR (β=0.039, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>&lt;0.001) levels. Conclusion: We observed a significant negative correlation between BMI and cognitive functioning, and a significant positive correlation between BMI and inflammation in persons with PCC, suggesting a bidirectional interplay between BMI, PCC, and cognitive function; individuals with an elevated BMI may be at a greater risk of developing PCC and/or presenting with greater cognitive deficits mediated by chronic systemic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivation of herpesvirus type 6 and IgA/IgM-mediated responses to activin-A underpin long COVID, including affective symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome","authors":"Aristo Vojdani, Abbas F. Almulla, Bo Zhou, Hussein K. Al-Hakeim, Michael Maes","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Persistent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reactivation of dormant viruses, and immune-oxidative responses are involved in long COVID. Objectives: To investigate whether long COVID and depressive, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) symptoms are associated with IgA/IgM/IgG to SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and immune-oxidative biomarkers. Methods: We examined 90 long COVID patients and ninety healthy controls. We measured serum IgA/IgM/IgG against HHV-6 and EBV and their deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (duTPase), SARS-CoV-2, and activin-A, C-reactive protein (CRP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Results: Long COVID patients showed significant elevations in IgG/IgM-SARS-CoV-2, IgG/IgM-HHV-6, and HHV-6-duTPase, IgA/IgM-activin-A, CRP, AOPP, and HOMA2-IR. Neural network analysis yielded a highly significant predictive accuracy of 80.6% for the long COVID diagnosis (sensitivity: 78.9%, specificity: 81.8%, area under the ROC curve = 0.876); the topmost predictors were as follows: IGA-activin-A, IgG-HHV-6, IgM-HHV-6-duTPase, IgG-SARS-CoV-2, and IgM-HHV-6 (all positively) and a factor extracted from all IgA levels to all viral antigens (inversely). The top 5 predictors of affective symptoms due to long COVID were IgM-HHV-6-duTPase, IgG-HHV-6, CRP, education, IgA-activin-A (predictive accuracy of <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.636). The top 5 predictors of CFS due to long COVID were in descending order: CRP, IgG-HHV-6-duTPase, IgM-activin-A, IgM-SARS-CoV-2, and IgA-activin-A (predictive accuracy: <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.709). Conclusion: Reactivation of HHV-6, SARS-CoV-2 persistence, and autoimmune reactions to activin-A combined with activated immune-oxidative pathways play a major role in the pathophysiology of long COVID as well as the severity of its affective symptoms and CFS.","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.","authors":"P H Gobira, S R Joca, F A Moreira","doi":"10.1017/neu.2022.23","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addiction to psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, D-amphetamine, and methamphetamine, is a public health issue that substantially contributes to the global burden of disease. Psychostimulant drugs promote an increase in dopamine levels within the mesocorticolimbic system, which is central to the rewarding properties of such drugs. Cannabinoid receptors (CB₁R and CB₂R) are expressed in the main areas of this system and implicated in the neuronal mechanisms underlying the rewarding effect of psychostimulant drugs. Here, we reviewed studies focusing on pharmacological intervention targeting cannabinoid CB₁R and CB₂R and their interaction in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40716172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between community-level patterns of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure on brain structure in a non-clinical sample of 6-year-old children: a South African pilot study.","authors":"Kristina A Uban, Deborah Jonker, Kirsten A Donald, Stefanie C Bodison, Samantha J Brooks, Eric Kan, Babette Steigelmann, Annerine Roos, Andrew Marshall, Shana Adise, Letitia Butler-Kruger, Brigitte Melly, Katherine L Narr, Shantanu H Joshi, Hein J Odendaal, Elizabeth R Sowell, Dan J Stein","doi":"10.1017/neu.2022.34","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current small study utilised prospective data collection of patterns of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure (PAE and PTE) to examine associations with structural brain outcomes in 6-year-olds and served as a pilot to determine the value of prospective data describing community-level patterns of PAE and PTE in a non-clinical sample of children. Participants from the Safe Passage Study in pregnancy were approached when their child was ∼6 years old and completed structural brain magnetic resonance imaging to examine with archived PAE and PTE data (<i>n</i> = 51 children-mother dyads). Linear regression was used to conduct whole-brain structural analyses, with false-discovery rate (FDR) correction, to examine: (a) main effects of PAE, PTE and their interaction; and (b) predictive potential of data that reflect <i>patterns</i> of PAE and PTE (e.g. quantity, frequency and timing (QFT)). Associations between PAE, PTE and their interaction with brain structural measures demonstrated unique profiles of cortical and subcortical alterations that were distinct between PAE only, PTE only and their interactive effects. Analyses examining associations between patterns of PAE and PTE (e.g. QFT) were able to significantly detect brain alterations (that survived FDR correction) in this small non-clinical sample of children. These findings support the hypothesis that considering QFT and co-exposures is important for identifying brain alterations following PAE and/or PTE in a small group of young children. Current results demonstrate that teratogenic outcomes on brain structure differ as a function PAE, PTE or their co-exposures, as well as the pattern (QFT) or exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cingulate cortical thickness in cocaine use disorder: mediation effect between early life stress and cocaine consumption.","authors":"Augusto Martins Lucas Bittencourt, Bárbara Luiza Belmonte da Silveira, Lucca Pizzato Tondo, Leonardo Melo Rothmann, Alexandre Rosa Franco, Pedro Eugenio Mazzucchi Santana Ferreira, Thiago Wendt Viola, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira","doi":"10.1017/neu.2022.33","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2022.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The cingulate gyrus is implicated in the neurobiology of addiction, such as chronic cocaine consumption. Early life stress (ELS) is an important moderator of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of CUD on cingulate cortical thickness and tested whether a history of ELS could influence the effects of CUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged 18-50 years (78 with CUD due to crack cocaine consumption and 53 healthy controls) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the cingulate thickness (rostral anterior, caudal anterior, posterior, and isthmus regions) was analysed. The clinical assessment comprised the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Addiction Severity Index. Group comparisons adjusting by sex, age, and education were performed. Mediation models were generated where lifetime cocaine use, CTQ score, and cortical thickness corresponded to the independent variable, intermediary variable, and outcome, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group comparisons revealed significant differences in six out of eight cingulate cortices, showing lower thickness in the CUD group. Furthermore, years of regular cocaine use was the variable most associated with cingulate thickness. Negative correlations were found between CTQ scores and the isthmus cingulate (right hemisphere), as well as with the rostral anterior cingulate (left hemisphere). In the mediation analysis, we observed a significant negative direct effect of lifetime cocaine use on the isthmus cingulate and an indirect effect of cocaine use mediated by CTQ score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that a history of ELS could aggravate the negative effects of chronic cocaine use on the cingulate gyrus, particularly in the right isthmus cingulate cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":7066,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10203054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9505949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}