Icarus最新文献

{"title":"Earthquake detection in a simulated lunar regolith using distributed acoustic sensing","authors":"Amber Zandanel ,&nbsp;Kai Gao ,&nbsp;Simone Probst ,&nbsp;Johan O.A. Robertsson ,&nbsp;Carly M. Donahue","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current models of inner lunar geology have largely been inferred from the seismic experiments and observations performed during the Apollo missions that comprised a relatively small number of seismic instruments. Refining constraints on fundamental lunar relationships such as crust-mantle and mantle-core boundaries in the future will require seismic arrays spanning larger epicentral distances. A promising technology for installing dense seismic arrays with minimal human effort is distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), an approach that allows a single length of fiber optic cable to act as hundreds or thousands of sensors when coupled with a DAS interrogator. While terrestrial uses of DAS technology for seismic monitoring rely on burying the cable to maximize fidelity of seismic signal transmission to the fiber, digging meters of trench to bury optical fiber on lunar or planetary surfaces is logistically infeasible. To evaluate DAS signal attenuation due to surface deployment of cable in lunar regolith, we completed earthquake detection analyses that evaluated the sensitivity of an optic-fiber DAS system to seismic signals at different burial depths. We deployed a single-mode fiber in a 10-m open-bottom wooden box filled with a lunar regolith simulant (LRS) with fiber buried at different depths within the LRS and recorded signals for four regional and local earthquakes. The results were used to identify and evaluate signal attenuation in surface-deployed fiber compared to buried fiber in the LRS. Burial depth responses to active-source signals were also evaluated similar to previous studies characterizing DAS sensitivity of surface-deployed fiber. Atmospheric noise was minimal as the cable was deployed in an indoor environment; however, where observed, atmospheric and anthropogenic noise was filtered out using the same bandpass filtering used to identify earthquake events. We found that signal attenuation of the surface-deployed fiber compared to buried fiber was relatively high in active-source experiments but was not consistently observed in earthquake signals. That burial depth is not highly correlated to attenuation of the observed earthquake signals indicates that in a noise-limited environment, placing DAS-interrogated fiber directly at the regolith surface may be a promising deployment strategy to consider for sensing remote seismic signals during lunar exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical estimates for heliocentric escape of satellite ejecta","authors":"Jose Daniel Castro-Cisneros ,&nbsp;Renu Malhotra ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Rosengren","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a general analytic framework to assess whether impact ejecta launched from the surface of a satellite can escape the gravitational influence of the planet–satellite system and enter heliocentric orbit. Using a patched-conic approach and defining the transition to planetocentric space via the Hill sphere or sphere of influence, we derive thresholds for escape in terms of the satellite-to-planet mass ratio and the ratio of the satellite’s orbital speed to its escape speed. We identify three dynamical regimes for ejecta based on residual speed and launch direction. We complement this analysis with the circular restricted three-body problem, deriving a necessary escape condition from the Jacobi integral at <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and showing that it is consistent with the patched–conic thresholds. Applying our model to the Earth–Moon system reveals that all three outcomes — bound, conditional, and unbound — are accessible within a narrow range of launch speeds. This behavior is not found in other planetary satellite systems, but may occur in some binary asteroids. The framework also shows that the Moon’s tidal migration has not altered its propensity to produce escaping ejecta, reinforcing the plausibility of a lunar origin for some near-Earth asteroids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the geological setting of exoplanets through atmospheric analysis: Using Mars as a test case","authors":"Monica Rainer ,&nbsp;Evandro Balbi ,&nbsp;Francesco Borsa ,&nbsp;Paola Cianfarra ,&nbsp;Avet Harutyunyan ,&nbsp;Silvano Tosi","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the frontier research fields of exoplanetary science is the study of the composition and variability of exoplanetary atmospheres. This field is now moving from the gas giant planets towards the smaller and colder telluric planets, and future instruments like ANDES will focus on the observations of the atmosphere of telluric planets in the habitable zone in reflected light. These future observations will possibly find variable signals due to the view of different hemispheres of the planet. Particularly, the strength of the signal may be linked to the thickness of the atmospheric layer probed, and therefore to the average altitude variations of the planetary surface, that are related to the global geodynamic evolution of the planet. To better prepare for the interpretation and exploitation of these future data, we used Mars as a Solar System analog of a spatially resolved telluric exoplanet. We observed the reflected light of Mars with the high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph GIANO-B (widely used in exoplanetary atmospheric studies) during a 3 month period: we studied the spatial and temporal variations of the Martian CO₂ signal using the least-squared deconvolution technique (LSD), to mimic as closely as possible the standard exoplanetary atmospheric analysis. We linked the variations found to the well-known Martian geological surface characteristics: we found a clear dependence of the strength of the CO₂ signal with the thickness of the Martian atmospheric layer by comparing the retrieved CO₂ signal with the altitudes of our pointings. The proposed strategy is promising: it proved to be effective on Mars and may shed light on the variations in the strength of atmospheric signal of telluric exoplanets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-near infrared spectral behavior of Mars-analog clays, sulfate, and basalt mixtures","authors":"Beatrice Baschetti ,&nbsp;Cristian Carli ,&nbsp;Matteo Massironi ,&nbsp;Fabio Tateo ,&nbsp;Giulia Alemanno","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding Mars’ past environmental and climate characteristics greatly relies on the orbital detection of the numerous hydrous minerals present on the planet’s surface. These include clay minerals and sulfates, especially when they are found in close proximity to each other. However, remote sensing observations pose several challenges and limits to quantitative mineral observations. In addition, these minerals are often likely mixed with basaltic regolith originating from the planet’s volcanic crust, which affects their spectral signature. In this framework, measurements on analogs in a controlled laboratory environment are essential support to remote sensing data to perform quantitative spectral analysis. We conduct visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy on binary and ternary intimate mixtures among (a) basalt, (b) Fe/Mg-clay minerals (nontronite, saponite), and (c) polyhydrated sulfate (hexahydrite) powders. Binary mixtures include combinations of (a)-(b) and (a)-(c), while ternary mixtures combine all three: (a)-(b)-(c). Absorption feature variations are assessed with measurements of band center, band area, and band depth. The results of binary mixtures indicate that basalt does not generally interfere with the position of diagnostic OH- and H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O absorption features in the selected clays and sulfate samples but systematically reduces their band depth/area, leading to a possible underestimating of the hydrous component. Ternary mixing experiments highlight a strong and complex interaction between clay and sulfate endmembers, with variation in relative abundance causing the minima of their <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> OH- and H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O absorption features to shift. Such shifts are significantly larger than the possible basalt-induced effect and show a step-like behavior, with minimum values clustering between two groups separated by <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span> 30 nm. The gap typically corresponds to 1:2 clay-to-sulfate ratio. This characteristic places important constraints on the relative abundance of clays and sulfates in mixed settings, independently of the basalt abundance. The results presented here provide substantial support in studying orbital detections of mixed clay/sulfate signatures. Moreover, they offer a more realistic interpretation framework in which the effects of Mars-like basaltic regolith are directly assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and dynamics of spring-time northern cap-edge dust activities simulated by a Mars climate model","authors":"Z.H. Luo ,&nbsp;K.C. Chow ,&nbsp;J. Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northern cap-edge dust storms during spring are major dust activities in the non-dusty season of Mars. In this study, we apply a parameterization scheme to the Mars climate model MarsWRF to simulate the dust activities in the northern cap-edge region. Consistent with observations, the simulation result shows a period of weak dust activities in the northern mid spring (Ls 30°-60°) and a stronger period just before the northern summer solstice, with a pause of dust activities between these two periods. The results of the sensitivity experiments suggest that the sublimation flow associated with cap recession is important to the occurrence of dust lifting but its effect on dust lifting near the cap edge could be different in different periods. The sublimation flow generally reduces the dust lifting flux in mid spring while enhances dust lifting at the end of spring. Three specific areas that are prone to dust lifting have also been identified. The simulation results suggest that the locations of the preferred dust lifting areas and the pause between the two active periods are possibly related to the topography in northern high latitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Noritic mineralogy of V- and S-type objects and the links with asteroid (4) Vesta","authors":"B.G. Rider-Stokes ,&nbsp;A.Y.C. Wong ,&nbsp;T.H. Burbine ,&nbsp;E. MacLennan ,&nbsp;R.C. Greenwood ,&nbsp;S.L. Jackson ,&nbsp;M. Anand ,&nbsp;L.F. White ,&nbsp;M.M. Grady","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ungrouped achondrites with affinities to Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite (HED) meteorites offer critical insights into the diversity of differentiated bodies in the inner Solar System. They can help address the longstanding discrepancy between V-type asteroids related to the asteroid (4) Vesta and those that show similar characteristics but lack a dynamical relationship. In this study, we present new spectral, mineralogical, and oxygen isotopic analyses of two ungrouped achondritic meteorites. Al Bir Lahlou 001 exhibits strong compositional and spectral similarities to typical V-type asteroids, while Wan Zawatin 001 shows unexpected affinities to S-type asteroids. These findings suggest a more complex evolutionary history for differentiated asteroids than previously recognized and support the existence of multiple asteroidal bodies with HED-like characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of continued investigation into ungrouped achondrites to better understand the formation, distribution, and evolution of differentiated material beyond the Vesta family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to ‘\"Isocrater\" impacts: Conditions and mantle dynamical responses for different impactor types’ [Icarus (2018) 306, 94-115]","authors":"Thomas Ruedas ,&nbsp;Doris Breuer","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 116834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral mixture modeling with laboratory near-infrared data I: Insights into compositional analysis of Europa","authors":"A. Emran","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Europa's surface composition and physical characteristics are commonly constrained using spectral deconvolution through linear mixture (LM) modeling and radiative transfer–based (RT) intimate mixture modeling. Here, I compared the results of these two spectral modeling— LM versus RT— against laboratory spectra of water (H₂O) ice and sulfuric acid octahydrate (SAO; H₂SO₄·8H₂O) mixtures measured at near-infrared wavelengths (∼1.2–2.5 μm) with grain sizes of 90–106 μm (<span><span>Hayes and Li, 2025</span></span>). The modeled abundances indicate that the RT more closely reproduces the laboratory abundances, with deviations within ±5 % for both H₂O ice and H₂SO₄·8H₂O with ∼100 μm grains. In contrast, the LM shows slightly larger discrepancies, typically ranging from ±5–15 % from the true abundances. Interestingly, both LM and RT tend to consistently overestimate the abundance of H₂SO₄·8H₂O and underestimate H₂O ice across all mixtures. Nonetheless, when H₂SO₄·8H₂O either dominates (&gt;80 % as observed on Europa's trailing hemisphere; <span><span>Carlson et al., 2005</span></span>) or is present only in trace amounts (∼10 % on areas in Europa's leading hemisphere; <span><span>Dalton et al., 2013</span></span>; <span><span>Ligier et al., 2016</span></span>), both the LM and RT render acceptable results within ±10 % uncertainty. Thus, spectral modeling using the RT is preferred for constraining the surface composition across Europa, although the LM remains viable in specific compositional regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 116841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age estimation of Trans-Neptunian Object pairs in close orbits","authors":"V.D. Gusev,&nbsp;E.D. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A search for pairs of trans-Neptunian objects in close orbits with semi-major axes greater than 30 AU has been conducted. The proximity of the orbital pairs was determined using Kholshevnikov metrics. A total of 46 pairs of trans-Neptunian objects with metric values below 0.1 AU<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> were identified. The dynamical evolution of these pairs was investigated over the past 10 Myr using numerical methods based on their nominal orbits. The formation epochs of the trans-Neptunian object pairs were determined using the method of nodal and apsidal convergence analysis, as well as the orbital convergence method. For the pairs 2003 QX90 – 2000 ON67, 2005 CE81 – 2003 QY90, 2013 TG229 – 2009 YK32, 2013 UN17 – 2003 QX90 and 2019 QL111 – 2015 GF59, a probabilistic evolution study was conducted over a 2-Myr interval. For the pairs 2003 QX90 – 2000 ON67, 2013 TG229 – 2009 YK32, 2013 UN17 – 2003 QX90 and 2019 QL111 – 2015 GF59, their ages were estimated, and the fraction of formation orbits within the studied interval was calculated. The masses of trans-Neptunian objects that allow for their formation were determined using MOID analysis. The ages of the remaining 42 pairs exceed 10 Myr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 116838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a new sub-solidus phase boundary of the binary nitrogen-methane mixture","authors":"Shaelyn M. Raposa ,&nbsp;Sugata P. Tan ,&nbsp;William M. Grundy ,&nbsp;Gerrick E. Lindberg ,&nbsp;Jordan K. Steckloff ,&nbsp;Stephen C. Tegler ,&nbsp;Jennifer Hanley ,&nbsp;Anna E. Engle ,&nbsp;Cecilia L. Thieberger","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New data of a sub-solidus phase boundary that has never been detected before were derived from Raman spectroscopy for the binary mixture nitrogen-methane. The experimental data were then evaluated using a robust thermodynamic equation of state, CRYOCHEM 2.0. The consistency between experimental data and thermodynamics found in this work introduces a new phase diagram to be used in future applications at low temperatures.</div><div>This mixture is the major binary system that represents the most abundant volatiles on icy bodies, like Pluto, Triton, and Eris. The new phase diagram will lead to a better understanding of the atmospheres and surfaces of these bodies, at present, past, or future geophysical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 116837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}