Environmental Progress最新文献

{"title":"Applications of Python to Evaluate the Performance of Bagging Methods: Applications of Python to Evaluate the Performance of Bagging Methods","authors":"Akhil Kadiyala, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1002/EP.13016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.13016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84115476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable Energy Resources, 3rd Edition","authors":"P. E. Peters","doi":"10.1002/EP.12381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.12381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74901872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of structurally related textile reactive dyes in aqueous suspension of ZnO nanotube","authors":"S. Patel, Dhaval D. Haveliwala","doi":"10.1002/EP.10443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10443","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotube of ZnO was prepared using hydrothermal process and its hexagonal nanocrystal structure was determined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The nanoparticles had the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure and showed good adhesion to the nanotubes. The nanosized ZnO displayed high photocatalytical activity toward decolorization of C.I. Reactive Yellow 84 (RY 84) and Reactive Orange 12 (RO 12) under concentrated solar irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as amount of catalyst, pH, and concentration of dye on photodecolorization were systematically investigated. The optimum photocatalyst dose was found to 200 mg/L, optimal pH was 4 of 100 mg/L aqueous solution of the dyes. Almost 100% color removal was achieved in about 6 h, the process simultaneously reduces chemical oxygen demand, which obeyed pseudo first-order kinetics. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84501310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a pollution prevention tool for the assessment of hospital waste management systems","authors":"N. Raman, A. Vijayan, Ashok Kumar V","doi":"10.1002/EP.10143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83798581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemistry of aqueous mineral carbonation for carbon sequestration and explanation of experimental results","authors":"Zhongxi Chen, W. O'connor, S. Gerdemann","doi":"10.1002/EP.10127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10127","url":null,"abstract":"In aqueous mineral carbonation for carbon sequestration, high-pressure CO2 is injected into water or sodium bicarbonate solution mixed with olivine or serpentine to produce magnesium carbonate. Thus, CO2 gas is fixed in a solid carbonate for sequestration. Such reactions are generally slow, and a significant amount of research was conducted to increase the reaction rate. This article is an initial effort using basic thermodynamic analysis to understand this complicated heterogeneous chemical process, and to explain some experimental results. The approach started with decomposing the process into two basic steps: magnesium ion dissolution from the olivine or serpentine, and magnesite precipitation. Thermodynamic calculation then is used to assess two important parameters for each of these two steps: the pH and carbonic ion concentration. The calculations explain the roles of increased CO2 pressure, elevated temperature, and adding sodium bicarbonate for enhancing the carbonation reaction, and these results agreed well with the experimental data. The analysis also indicates that for reaction routes in which leaching magnesium silicate and forming magnesium carbonate occur in the same reactor, lowering the pH helps dissolve magnesium ions from silicate, but it lowers carbonic ion concentration and limits precipitation of magnesite; careful balance of these two steps is critical. Further improvement may be built upon this model. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77772677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar photocatalytic degradation of groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons","authors":"I. Cho, L. Kim, K. Zoh, Jae-Hong Park, Hyun-Yong Kim","doi":"10.1002/EP.10124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10124","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the potential use for ex situ remediation, a solar-driven, photocatalyzed reactor system was constructed and applied to the treatment of groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) near a gas station using selected advanced oxidation processes such as H2O2/solar light, TiO2 slurry/solar light, and immobilized TiO2/solar light. Groundwater samples containing BTEX and TPH, loaded with H2O2 or slurry and immobilized TiO2 catalyst, were exposed to solar light (37° N and 128° E) in winter with an average intensity of 1.6 mW/cm2 measured at 365 nm. Whereas the solar light/TiO2 slurry system achieved >70% degradation of BTEX and TPH within 4 h, the solar light/immobilized TiO2 and solar light/H2O2 systems did not show significant removal within the same time. However, both TiO2 slurry and immobilized systems were able to reduce BTEX and TPH levels effectively if H2O2 (10 mM) was added. The degradation rates of low molecular weight gasoline (BTEX) and n-alkanes ranging from C10 to C15 were higher than those of n-alkanes ranging from C16 to C20. The removal efficiency of BTEX and TPH in the groundwater samples also increased with a larger solar collector area of the reactor. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80666227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the AERMOD dispersion model as a function of atmospheric stability for an urban area","authors":"Ashok Kumar, S. Dixit, C. Varadarajan, A. Vijayan, Anand Masuraha","doi":"10.1002/EP.10129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10129","url":null,"abstract":"The AERMOD dispersion model was used to compute ambient air concentrations of SO2 for 1-, 3-, and 24-h averaging periods using the emission inventory data for Lucas County, Ohio for the year 1990. The estimated concentrations were classified based on the stability parameter, Monin–Obukhov length (L), for the two monitoring stations located in the area. The data were divided into two atmospheric stability classes (stable and convective cases) as used in the AERMOD model. These categories were further grouped into five subcategories based on the value of L to learn about fine details of model performance. The model evaluation was done using several statistical parameters used in air quality studies. \u0000 \u0000AERMOD did not yield a satisfactory performance in predicting 1- and 3-h average concentrations for the multisource region but showed a slightly better performance in predicting the 24-h concentrations using urban option for the land use parameters. The model had a tendency to underpredict in both the stable and convective cases. In the 24-h averaging period factor of two (Fa2) values suggested a better performance than fractional bias (FB). The model seemed to perform better for the Main Street station than the Collins Park station. Limited analysis using different land use parameters reported in the paper indicates that model performance may improve for certain cases. Other errors include the unavoidable scatter arising from differences between wind direction and actual transport for an averaging period, formulation of the model, and the emission inventory. The results of the study should be used cautiously because of the limited scope of the evaluation. Future work should focus on the role of land use parameters in predicting concentrations at the monitors and finding ways to quantify errors attributed to other factors. However, it is clear that more guidance is needed to apply the AERMOD model for multisource regions. Alternative schemes to divide the data should also be considered for analyzing model performance. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83071485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attempted biofiltration of reduced sulphur compounds from a pulp and paper mill in Northern Sweden","authors":"Anneli Andersson Chan","doi":"10.1002/EP.10131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10131","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to identify the reduced sulphur compounds (RSCs) present in waste gas from a specific deaerator at a pulp and paper mill in northern Sweden, and to investigate the feasibility of a multi-stage biofilter to treat these compounds in an industrial setting. Two filter media, rockwool mats and an organic peat and compost mixture, were used as biofilter media. A mixed population of heterotrophs and a strain of Hypomicrobium were examined for DMS and DMDS degradation. Two experimental periods were performed for 45 days each, in the fall and winter in cold climate. Process parameters as well as the number of viable cells of the filter were monitored during operation. Results were inconsistent due to the fluctuations of the system, and a number of operational problems were identified, differing from those developed under controlled, laboratory set-ups. Process conditions varied greatly, that is, fluctuating temperatures, pollutant concentrations, and airflows that led to insufficient residence times. Both biological and mass transfer limitations are possible explanations for the poor treatment results. This study can contribute to assessing the feasibility of biofilters in the pulp and paper industry, and help reduce the knowledge gap between laboratory studies and field conditions. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75638041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved methods for carbon adsorption studies for water and wastewater treatment","authors":"W. Ying, Wei Zhang, Qigang Chang, Wen-xin Jiang, Guang‐hua Li","doi":"10.1002/EP.10122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10122","url":null,"abstract":"An improved method was developed to rank activated carbon in removing organic water pollutants. The simple and standardized evaluation method uses a set of four adsorptive capacity indicators: phenol, iodine, methylene blue, and tannic acid numbers; those four indicator compounds were selected because they cover the molecular size range of most organic water pollutants. An improved microcolumn rapid breakthrough (MCRB) test method was developed from the existing HPMC (high-pressure minicolumn) and RSSCT (rapid small-scale column test) methods by simplifying the experimental procedure and using readily available low-cost pump, sampler, piping, and fittings. This method can be practiced in an ordinary environmental laboratory to select the best carbon, to verify the treatment effectiveness, and to estimate the adsorption treatment cost based on the observed capacity utilization rate for carbon in the adsorber without the problems often encountered with using small and mini traditional columns. The benefits ofthe four-parameter carbon selection method and the MCRB method were demonstrated by adsorption isotherm and breakthrough data for several indicator compounds and organic water pollutants. These improved methods will enable efficient carbon adsorption studies necessary for more applications of carbon adsorption technology in water and wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75347943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission reduction of NOx and CO by optimization of the automatic control system in a coal-fired stoker boiler","authors":"K. Schnelle, Atip Laungphairojana, K. Debelak","doi":"10.1002/EP.10125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10125","url":null,"abstract":"To date research on NO, and CO emission reduction in stoker-fired boilers has been devoted to combustion modification to the overfire air, diverting air to a selected set of burners, using modified low-NOx, burners, using flue gas recirculation or flue gas treatment with specially controlled catalyst and additives. This study introduces a concept that focuses on the dynamics of the boiler and the automatic control system. The objective of this study was to reduce the NO and CO emissions by restructuring the automatic control system and then tuning the control system with parameters that have been optimized with emission reduction as the objective. Dynamic data were obtained from a step-input test of either the underfire air or the overfire air. These data were used to model the boiler with a transfer function describing the emissions. The analyzer dynamic response was included in the overall model. The control parameters were determined from this overall emissions transfer function by mathematical optimization. These control parameters constituted the initial values in the automatic control system used for the final tests in the boiler. Additional adjustments to reduce the emissions were carried out during boiler operation. A low controller gain and a fast reset timemore » were found to be the most suitable setting for the control system. The NO emissions controlled by the overfire air and CO emissions controlled by the underfire air produced the best results.« less","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76934084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}