Environmental Progress最新文献_第3页

Kinetic Evaluation of a Field-Scale Activated Sludge System for Removing Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Oilfield-Produced Water 油田规模活性污泥系统去除采出水中石油烃的动力学评价

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.10042

Gilbert T. Tellez, N. Nirmalakhandan, J. Gardea-Torresdey

{"title":"Kinetic Evaluation of a Field-Scale Activated Sludge System for Removing Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Oilfield-Produced Water","authors":"Gilbert T. Tellez, N. Nirmalakhandan, J. Gardea-Torresdey","doi":"10.1002/EP.10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.10042","url":null,"abstract":"Produced water is the single largest volume of wastewater generated by the oil and gas industry. Toxic petroleum hydrocarbons found in oilfield-produced waters have increasingly become the major environmental problem facing the U.S. and world oil and gas industry. Uncontrolled releases to the environment using outdated and inefficient technological control systems and methods have continually put surface and ground water environments at risk. In turn, this has placed the oil and gas industries with increasing environmental regulatory compliance costs. With the decline in oil and natural gas prices and the introduction of more stringent produced water surface discharge permit actions, many of these wells are nearing their economic limit. These low-volume marginal wells are being plugged and abandoned because the production, maintenance, treatment, and disposal costs are higher than the selling price. Therefore, in an effort to keep many of our nation's mature oil and gas fields productive, alternative technologies must be evaluated. This research project provided a comprehensive treatment of produced waters using an activated sludge system. The kinetic coefficients determined resulted in a total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency of 99% at a produced water flow rate of 1890 L/day, and a mean cell residence time of 20 days. Kinetic coefficients were determined to be 0.69 (mg/MLSS)/mg total n-alkanes (TNA) and 0.01, 0.44, 2.00, and 0.27 day−1 for Y, kd, k, Ks, and μmax, respectively. © American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":"21 1","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83218530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

Removal of boron from wastewater by precipitation of a sparingly soluble salt 通过沉淀难溶盐从废水中去除硼的方法

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 2005-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.10058

P. Remy, H. Muhr, E. Plasari, Imen Ouerdiane

引用次数: 71

A simplified approach for preliminary design and process performance modeling of soil vapor extraction systems 土壤蒸汽提取系统初步设计与过程性能建模的简化方法

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160319

J. Staudinger, P. Roberts, James D. Hartley

{"title":"A simplified approach for preliminary design and process performance modeling of soil vapor extraction systems","authors":"J. Staudinger, P. Roberts, James D. Hartley","doi":"10.1002/EP.3300160319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.3300160319","url":null,"abstract":"While soil vapor extraction has been widely utilized as a remedial action technology over the past decade, design and associated process performance modeling of full-scale systems continues to be frequently based on the results of pilot-scale treatability tests. To aid engineers in conducting preliminary scoping studies without the benefit of such treatability data, a relatively simple approach, consisting of linked design and process performance elements, was developed and subsequently incorporated into a spreadsheet format for rapid project evaluation purposes. Under this approach, a preliminary design is specified via a set of baseline values which vary based on the predominant soil type encountered at a particular site. Process performance is then mathematically modeled by a semi-empirical relation accounting for non-equilibrium (mass transfer) effects via use of a lumped parameter, the venting efficiency factor (η). Values for η vary based on characterization of soil heterogeneity. The low values cited for η (on the order of 0.02–0.20) reflect the relative inefficiency of field venting operations (due to inherent mass transfer limitations) when compared to idealized conditions. Validation results, considering two case studies reported in the literature, indicate that the approach developed provides reasonably accurate predictions. Evaluation of a hypothetical case study reveals that the number of extraction vents required as well as the number of pore volumes of soil vapor that must be extracted for effective remediation can vary by an order of magnitude depending upon the particular soil matrix encountered.","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":"41 1","pages":"215-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73763221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Heavy metal soil remediation: The effects of attrition scrubbing on a wet gravity concentration process 重金属土壤修复:摩擦擦洗对湿式重力浓缩过程的影响

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160318

M. A. Marino, R. M. Brica, C. Neale

{"title":"Heavy metal soil remediation: The effects of attrition scrubbing on a wet gravity concentration process","authors":"M. A. Marino, R. M. Brica, C. Neale","doi":"10.1002/EP.3300160318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.3300160318","url":null,"abstract":"The US military has historically conducted activities which have either directly or indirectly contributed to environmental contamination. Metal contaminated soil at military sites has resulted from operations such as weapons production, small arms training activities, metal cleaning, and metal plating activities. \u0000 \u0000Soil washing is an effective approach to the treatment of contaminated soils employing both physical and chemical separation techniques. Physical separation methods encompass many different unit operations including screening, grinding, flotation, hydroclassification, attrition scrubbing and gravity concentration such as tabling and spiraling. The primary focus of this paper will be to address the effects of attrition scrubbing (an abrasive soil particle to soil particle interaction in a high solids environment), on a gravity concentration process. \u0000 \u0000Soil from an Army small arms training range with lead contamination in the bulk soil at approximately 40,000 mg/kg, was evaluated using a WEMCO® Laboratory Attrition Scrubber in conjunction with a Wilfley® Laboratory Wet Shaking Table. Results indicate attrition scrubbing enhanced the physical separation process on the wet shaker table by liberating the Pb contamination from the bulk soil, which resulted in a large volume of clean soil while simultaneously producing a small volume of Pb concentrated soil. Laboratory tests indicate over 96% of the contamination could be concentrated on 20% of the original soil mass.","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":"128 1","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87924563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Important design considerations in wastewater treatment plants 污水处理厂的重要设计考虑因素

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160314

Don Vacker

引用次数: 0

Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soils/sediments by supercritical fluid extraction 超临界流体萃取法修复多氯联苯污染土壤/沉积物

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160320

P. Chen, W. Zhou, L. Tavlarides

{"title":"Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soils/sediments by supercritical fluid extraction","authors":"P. Chen, W. Zhou, L. Tavlarides","doi":"10.1002/EP.3300160320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.3300160320","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) desorption from soils have been conducted in a laboratory scale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) unit to provide information for soil remediation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SFE as a promising technology for the clean up of PCB contaminated soils/sediments. After 30 minutes of extraction at 40°C and 100 atm, more than 86% ofPCBs in real world Hudson River sediment and 92% in St. Lawrence River sediment were removed. The extraction of PCBs from spiked samples showed even higher efficiencies. Various effects such as temperature, pressure, cosolvent, sample water content, and soil/sediment type on PCB desorption have been investigated. The sample water content and the presence of co-solvent were shown to be the most important factors affecting desorption of PCBs. The results show that PCBs in real world samples are more tightly bound than in spiked samples. The desorption behavior of individual PCB congeners in various samples has been investigated. The results demonstrate no relative accumulation of the most environmentally threatening PCB congeners throughout the extraction process.","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":"27 1","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75179384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Chemical evolution of liquid redox processes 液体氧化还原过程的化学演化

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160316

D. Deberry

{"title":"Chemical evolution of liquid redox processes","authors":"D. Deberry","doi":"10.1002/EP.3300160316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EP.3300160316","url":null,"abstract":"A multitude of processes have been proposed for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams. Removal of H 2 S from sour natural gas streams is particularly difficult since low outlet concentrations must be reached before the gas is put into a pipeline. Liquid redox sulfur recovery (LRSR) processes use a solution containing an oxidizing agent that absorbs H 2 S from the gas stream and oxidizes it to sulfur. The chemistry of these processes has undergone considerable evolution in the last 30 years. A number of tradeoffs must be considered in designing LRSR processes. For example, the rate of reaction of the oxidized agent with H 2 S often determines the scrubbing efficiency, but excessive rates of sulfur formation in the scrubber can lead to plugging. Systems based on vanadium and/or anthraquinone disulfonates (ADA) as the redox catalyst had several drawbacks, most of which can be traced to sluggish redox agent kinetics. Current LRSR processes use chelated iron as the catalyst for sulfur recovery. This gives faster scrubbing and re-oxidation kinetics, but chemical degradation of the chelating agent can affect the economics of the process. Plugging of sorption vessels continues to be a problem in some applications. New nonaqueous solvent-based or biological processes may overcome these problems.","PeriodicalId":11769,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Progress","volume":"33 1","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77242955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Countercurrent absorption of CO2 in a real flue gas into aqueous alkanolamine solutions in a wetted wall column 在湿壁柱中将真实烟气中的CO2逆流吸收到烷醇胺水溶液中

Environmental Progress Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/EP.3300160317

T. Suda, M. Iijima, H. Tanaka, S. Mitsuoka, Toru Iwaki

引用次数: 11