Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Developing a medication safety self-assessment tool for high-alert medications in community pharmacies","authors":"Rositsa Koleva ,&nbsp;Anita Währn ,&nbsp;Ercan Celikkayalar ,&nbsp;Sonja Kallio ,&nbsp;Raisa Laaksonen","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-alert medications are recognised as those carrying heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used erroneously.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a high-alert medications self-assessment tool for Finnish community pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The tool was developed using a three-phase Delphi method and is based on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices´ Medication Safety Self Assessment® for High-Alert Medications, which comprises 380 items. A pre-Delphi round was first conducted to assess tool's applicability for Finnish pharmacies, followed by two Delphi rounds with a multidisciplinary expert panel evaluating the applicability and desirability of each item. A consensus rate of 70 % was defined. Following the Delphi rounds, the tool was finalized through refinement, removal of duplicates, and reorganization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Consensus was reached on 114 items, resulting in a finalized self-assessment tool organized into eight sections covering medicine groups such as insulin and oral diabetes medicines, anticoagulants, opioids, immunosuppressants, methotrexate, and over-the-counter high-alert medications. After the first Delphi round, 33 items were accepted without changes and 97 were revised. After the second Delphi round, 77 items were transferred to the final tool as such, 35 were modified and 21 were removed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The developed high-alert self-assessment tool offers a structured method for evaluating existing practices and implementing targeted safety measures, addressing a specific need in community pharmacies, where such resources are limited. While further validation and implementation research are needed, the tool represents a practical step toward enhancing medication safety and promoting continuous improvement in pharmacy practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating patient preference into as needed pain orders at a large academic health system","authors":"Meghan D. McNulty ,&nbsp;Michael E. Guerra,&nbsp;Kristina Shvets,&nbsp;Philip Rosselli,&nbsp;Adam L. Ackerman,&nbsp;Roberta Chuong ,&nbsp;Jessie Riemer","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Joint Commission Accreditation Surveys at multiple hospitals within the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS) revealed that patients often requested lower doses and/or lower potencies of as needed (PRN) pain medications than those ordered for their reported pain score. This resulted in the potential for PRN pain medications to be given without a proper order or risking a delay in care while waiting for a new medication order to be placed by a clinician. This project followed the requirements set forth by The Joint Commission to seamlessly integrate patient preferences into the health system electronic health record (EHR) to enhance patient care and reduce unnecessary opioid consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two Joint Commission Standards that provided project guidance were PC.01.02.07 (the hospital manages and assesses patient pain while minimizing risks) and MM.04.01.01 (medication orders are clear and accurate). Implementing the proposal involved modifying the existing PRN pain orders and the Medication Administration Record (MAR) and updating the YNHHS Pain Assessment and Management policy. Education was developed and shared with clinicians, nursing, and pharmacy, along with a Tips and Tricks document for this newly developed workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The project successfully enhanced utilization of as needed pain medication orders through incorporation of patient preference options into PRN pain medication orders. Feedback after implementation from clinicians and nursing staff was also positive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This project successfully demonstrates how large academic health systems can incorporate patient preference into PRN pain orders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study on the seasonal variation in methylphenidate consumption in the South African private healthcare sector","authors":"Ilse Truter,&nbsp;Ashmitha Munasur-Naidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A steady growth in the consumption of medicine for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been evident over the past two decades. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is reported to have had an effect on stimulant consumption. Methylphenidate is the main active ingredient used in the treatment of ADHD, both in children and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary aim was to analyze the consumption patterns of methylphenidate in the private healthcare sector in South Africa by means of a drug utilization study using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology to establish trends, detect seasonal variations and to compare the results with international studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive drug utilization study was conducted. IQVIA sales data from the South African private healthcare sector from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed. Consumption patterns were expressed as the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day and DDDs/1000 inhabitants/month. Ethical approval for the study was granted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Methylphenidate consumption showed a steady increase in the years around the pandemic period, from 9.07 (in 2018) to 9.88 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day (in 2023), with a notable lower consumption in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic started. Consumption in 2013 was only 6.01 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day, which indicates an increase of 64.39 % over the 11-year period. Seasonal peaks in consumption were observed in February, May, August and November, coinciding with times before assessment periods in schools and universities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was a clear visible upward trend in the consumption of methylphenidate, with a decrease during 2020, as was also observed in other countries. Similar studies are recommended for other central nervous system drug classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven approach to optimizing waiting times in outpatient pharmacy services: Interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Hazzaa Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Talal S. Alshihayb ,&nbsp;Yazeed Alharbi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alawagi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Aleissa ,&nbsp;Yasser Albogami","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Operational efficiency in outpatient pharmacies is a critical factor in healthcare delivery, directly impacting patient satisfaction and adherence to prescribed treatments. Prolonged waiting times in pharmacies can lead to patient dissatisfaction, reduced medication adherence, and potential health risks.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the impact of a data-driven intervention on reducing patient waiting times in an outpatient pharmacy at a tertiary hospital, with a goal of ensuring that patients are served within 30 min of ticket issuance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized data from the “Qsmart” ticketing system, covering October 2022 to November 2023. A descriptive analysis was conducted to identify peak service hours and assess staffing patterns. An interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention implemented between January 22 and February 26, 2023. The intervention included increased staffing during peak hours, adjustments to break schedules, and enhanced pre-peak hour preparations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The descriptive analysis revealed peak service hours between 9 AM and 11 AM, with the highest number of tickets issued at 10 AM. The intervention produced a significant immediate level reduction in waiting times of 0.1540 (95 %CI: 0.0421,0.2659) but there was <strong>no additional post-intervention slope change</strong>, indicating that the improvement was not progressively increasing over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data-driven intervention effectively reduced waiting times in the outpatient pharmacy, with significant immediate improvements observed. This study highlights the potential of strategic operational adjustments to enhance service efficiency and patient satisfaction. Further research is needed to validate the sustainability and generalizability of these findings in other settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the experience of managers, employees, and pharmacists in clinical pharmacy in primary care using the SEIPS model: A focus group study","authors":"Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Lea Axelsson ,&nbsp;Lina Hellström","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Medication management in primary care faces challenges that affect patient outcomes.</div><div>The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in care teams aims to address these issues. In Nordic countries, the role of clinical pharmacy services in primary care is still evolving with limited research. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model provides a framework for evaluating healthcare systems by examining the system factors and processes that influence outcomes. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the integration and advancement of the role of pharmacists in primary care using the SEIPS model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A focus group study was conducted with four groups (<em>n</em> = 17): managers, pharmacists, nurses, and general practitioners. Deductive thematic analysis guided by the SEIPS model was used to structure the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite taking time to establish the pharmacist as a colleague, the participants expressed satisfaction with the collaboration and the pharmacist's role within the work system and processes at healthcare centres. Central factors for system and process development were identified, including a needs-based and structured approach to implementation, pharmacists with the right qualities and skills, teamwork, and physical presence. Perceived outcomes included increased pharmaceutical knowledge among coworkers and patients, reduced workload for staff, and improved patient safety regarding therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Participants emphasised the potential of integrating pharmacists into primary care to address medication-management challenges. The SEIPS model provides insights into work system dynamics and can help develop the role of pharmacists in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the patient point of view: Using eye tracking to evaluate older adult shopping behavior change with a community pharmacy OTC intervention","authors":"Emily L. Hoffins ,&nbsp;Jamie A. Stone ,&nbsp;Aaron M. Gilson ,&nbsp;Taylor L. Watterson ,&nbsp;Jason S. Chladek ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Over-the-counter medications are an integral component of community pharmacies, providing patients with accessible options for addressing health concerns independently. However, this increases the potential for adverse drug events, particularly among older adults, due to overestimating medication safety. Pharmacy layouts, often informed by retail store principles, frequently prioritize product profitability over patient safety.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the impact of Senior Safe™, a physical redesign of pharmacy aisles, on older adults' visual attention during medication selection to enhance patient safety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Senior Safe rearranged over-the-counter products based on safety designation and human factors engineering principles. Older adult participants wore eye-tracking glasses and engaged in a scenario-based simulation to measure gaze behavior during medication selection. Simulations were conducted pre- and post-intervention to analyze fixation durations within each medication safety category.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-eight older adult participants completed this portion of the study. Post-intervention participants spent significantly more time fixating on Senior Safe medications (μ = 25.17 s) compared to pre-implementation participants (μ = 9.40s). Post-intervention participants also spent more time selecting OTCs overall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates how environmental redesign influences patient visual attention behavior. These findings emphasize the role of environmental design in enhancing patient safety and support eye-tracking as an effective method for measuring patient behavior in community pharmacy settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence platforms and drug interaction screening databases using real-world patient data","authors":"Bálint Márk Domián ,&nbsp;Amir Reza Ashraf ,&nbsp;András Tamás Fittler ,&nbsp;Mátyás Káplár ,&nbsp;Róbert György Vida","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The use of multiple medications increases the risk of harmful drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Conventional DDI screening databases vary in coverage and often trigger low-relevance alerts, contributing to alert fatigue. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools for DDI identification, however, their performance compared to established databases using real-world patient data remains under-explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this exploratory study, we compared conventional database screening with LLM-based screening using anonymized medication lists from rheumatology patients. Lexicomp, Medscape and <span><span>Drugs.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> were used to compile a reference set of 204 clinically relevant interactions across 57 cases. Using identical prompts, we then queried ChatGPT, Google Gemini and Microsoft Copilot for interactions potentially requiring pharmacists' intervention. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1 score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the reference set of 204 DDIs, ChatGPT identified 439, Gemini 1556, and Copilot 1813 potential interactions. While Gemini achieved the highest sensitivity (0.697), ChatGPT demonstrated higher specificity (0.868). All three platforms demonstrated low precision scores. Overall, ChatGPT achieved the highest performance by F1 score (0.2520), followed by Gemini (0.1933) and Copilot (0.1153). Our results suggest that no AI systems assessed achieve the required balance of precision and sensitivity for reliable clinical decision-making in DDI screening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although LLMs show promise as complementary tools in DDI screening, as they proved effective in identifying true interactions, they generate clinically inaccurate information due to hallucinations, which limits their reliability as standalone screening tools. Consequently, while LLMs could support clinical pharmacists in polypharmacy management, their outputs must always undergo professional validation to ensure patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driven to stay or leave: Exploring motivation, engagement, and turnover intentions among pharmacists in the healthcare system","authors":"Muna Sabah Murad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Waheedi ,&nbsp;Fatima Jeragh Alhaddad ,&nbsp;Maryam Yousef Baqer ,&nbsp;Farah Atallah Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High pharmacist turnover remains a global concern, as pharmacists' intention to leave their jobs can lead to increased financial burdens and reduced quality of pharmaceutical care. Understanding the psychological and organizational factors that drive this intention to leave is essential for designing effective retention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify the variables related to motivational needs and work engagement which are associated with pharmacists' intention to leave.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among 288 pharmacists in eight hospitals. The survey assessed multidimensional work motivation, job engagement (UWES-9), and turnover intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the interrelations between constructs and demographic variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Work engagement was negatively associated with turnover intention (β = −0.49), Amotivation was directly associated with higher turnover intention (β = 0.17) and lower engagement (β = − 0.10). Intrinsic motivation had a statistically significant and positive effect on work engagement (β = 0.81). Pharmacists in public hospitals reported higher turnover intention than those in private hospitals (β = − 0.19). Pharmacists less than 40 years old and those in certain hospitals exhibited higher amotivation and intention to leave. Organizational setting influenced several motivational types, with intrinsic, extrinsic social motivation and identified motivation more prevalent among public sector pharmacists.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Work engagement and motivation were critical factors impacting pharmacists' turnover intention, with organizational context and age acting as important moderators. Strategies aimed at boosting intrinsic motivation and work engagement, particularly for younger pharmacists, are vital for decreasing turnover and fostering a more stable pharmacy workforce within healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacy working conditions: Is stress impacting patient care?","authors":"Goar Alvarez ,&nbsp;Taylor Harris ,&nbsp;Erika Zwachte Fennick ,&nbsp;Leanne Lai ,&nbsp;Jesús Sánchez ,&nbsp;Rawan Alkhamisi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacists have expanded their roles beyond traditional medication dispensing to include various clinical services. They play a critical role in reducing medication-related errors and enhancing patient safety. However, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by their work environment and associated challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional study evaluates the stress levels of community pharmacists in Florida, USA, and examines how stress impacts patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A survey was developed and emailed to 23,016 licensed pharmacists in Florida. Responses were collected from March 9 to April 15, 2022. The primary outcomes measured were workplace stressor frequency in community pharmacies and the relationship between work environment factors and patient care quality. Secondary outcomes assessed differences in average Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) between chain and independent pharmacists and between those in managerial versus non-managerial roles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 361 responses, 257 pharmacists completed the survey. Most (84.8 %) were chain pharmacists, 15.2 % independent. The primary stressor was staffing issues (57.98 %). Additionally, 71.9 % deemed working conditions unsafe, and 78.4 % struggled to provide quality care due to work stress. Chain pharmacists had significantly different PSS scores (22.72) versus independent pharmacists (22.82, <em>p</em> = 0.0034). No difference existed between managerial (25.44) and non-managerial pharmacists (25.11, <em>p</em> = 0.5962). Spearman correlations showed significant negative associations between PSS scores and difficulty providing quality care (ρ = −0.47, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) and unsafe conditions perceptions (ρ = −0.51, p &lt; 0.0001). Patient care measures correlated positively (ρ = 0.71, p &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Stress significantly impacts community pharmacists' ability to provide quality care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of patient information on prescribing errors: Insights from pharmaceutical interventions","authors":"Daisuke Koike ,&nbsp;Masahiro Ito ,&nbsp;Keiko Tomomatsu ,&nbsp;Ryuta Shindo ,&nbsp;Terumi Miyashita ,&nbsp;Junichi Yamakami ,&nbsp;Akihiko Horiguchi ,&nbsp;Shigeki Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication errors are more likely to occur in patients with complex conditions, where appropriate prescribing requires accurate and comprehensive patient information. Inadequate use of such information, such as overlooking laboratory results or patient weight, can lead to dosing errors or contraindicated prescriptions, even with electronic checking systems. This study aimed to analyze prescribing errors detected through pharmaceutical interventions, focusing on the patient information in the hospital information system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 9774 pharmaceutical interventions performed between April 2019 and March 2020. Of these, 3372 interventions related to patient information stored in hospital information system were included. Prescribing errors were categorized into five patient-specific information categories: allergy information, laboratory data, concomitant drugs, patient weight, and patient status and history. Demographic and prescription data were analyzed, and a heatmap was developed to visualize high-risk areas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the included interventions, 1352 (40.1 %) prescriptions involved corrections of prescribing errors, with laboratory data being the most frequently utilized patient information source (<em>n</em> = 2526). Error rates were higher in weekend settings compared to weekday settings (56.2 % vs. 38.3 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.111), and prescriptions for patients younger than 20 years exhibited the highest error rates among age groups (66.9 %; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Error rates were significantly varied by drug type (P &lt; 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.395). Among these, digestive drugs showed the highest error rates (69.1 %), particularly those requiring renal dosing adjustments. Conversely, anti-tumor agents demonstrated a lower error rate (15.9 %) due to stringent monitoring processes. The high-risk heatmap highlighted specific risks, such as weight data for younger patients and patient status for anti-inflammatory drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Laboratory data were the most frequently used information source, to prevent prescribing errors. The risk heatmap demonstrated weekends, pediatric patients, and renal dosing as high-risk areas. These findings suggest that future information systems should enhance the utility of laboratory data and incorporate tailored alerting strategies focused on high-risk patient conditions and clinical settings, such as real-time lab data alerts or weight-based dosing calculators, and potentially explore the use of AI for proactive error prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}