Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Prescribers' perspectives: The impact of the controlled substance scheduling system on providing optimal patient care","authors":"Michael R. Barnes ,&nbsp;Yijia Luo ,&nbsp;Jonathon M. Parker ,&nbsp;Brian M. Shepler","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the United States, the scheduling system for controlled substances was established by the Controlled Substance Act of 1970. In 2009, Parker et al. published the study “Physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward scheduling.” Since 2009, the opioid epidemic has gathered national attention from social and scientific perspectives as the number of drug overdose deaths in the United States has nearly tripled.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To follow up on a 2009 survey by Parker, et al. to determine prescribers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the controlled substance scheduling system and assess the impact of the controlled substance scheduling system on providing optimal patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-sectional survey was designed to assess prescribers' attitudes and mailed to 400 randomly selected physicians and 400 randomly selected nurse practitioners.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prescribers across all groups provided consistent responses suggesting an overall lack of understanding of controlled substance regulations, a negative attitude towards the controlled substance scheduling system, and a detrimental effect on providing optimal patient care. Responses from nurse practitioners differed significantly from physicians in 75 % (3 of the 4) questions regarding regulations, suggesting nurse practitioners possess a greater understanding of pharmaceutical regulations. Specialists' responses demonstrated an enhanced level of dissatisfaction regarding the controlled substance scheduling system compared to primary care providers in 75 % (3 of the 4) questions. Questions regarding the impact of the scheduling system on prescribing patterns differed significantly across multiple demographic groups, notably between physicians and nurse practitioners, differences in practice setting, and primary state of practice for 75 % (3 of the 4) questions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this survey confirm the findings of Parker, et al., and further display the need for investigation into how to improve the controlled substance scheduling system in the United States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the psychometric properties of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) in pharmacy students and academics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region","authors":"Mona Almanasef ,&nbsp;Dalia Bajis ,&nbsp;Asmaa Al-Haqan ,&nbsp;Saja Alnahar ,&nbsp;Ian Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Resilience is a complex concept that is defined and influenced by the context of individuals, organisations, societies and cultures. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a widely used validated tool to evaluate psychological resilience. CD-RISC is a self-administered scale of twenty-five items, each rated by a 5-point Likert scale. The scale evaluates overall personal resilience through assessing five main resilience-related constructs; personal competence, trust in one's instincts, positive acceptance of change, control and spiritual influences. As per the scale's developers, higher scores reflecting greater level of resilience. This particular tool has not previously been tested with a pharmacy student or academic population sample.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to assess the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the CD-RISC-25 in a sample of pharmacy students and academics from faculties drawn across the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2020 and January 2021 sampling pharmacy students and academics across the EMR who were invited to complete the self-administered CD-RISC 25 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components analysis with oblique rotation was conducted on sample responses (<em>n</em> = 616). The internal consistency and reliability for each identified factor and from the CD-RISC scale was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five factors were isolated accounting for 51.5 % total cumulative model variance. Identification of factors showed high convergence with previous work on the CD-RISC resilience tool. The current study in our sample found a five–factor structure which differed from the original scale reliabilities. This study did identify a five-factor solution with differing item factor loadings. The reliability analysis on the CD-RISC-25 items in our study sample revealed an overall Cronbach Alpha value of 0.89; however, three items showed corrected Item-total correlations of &lt;0.3. Our analysis, in this respondent sample, suggested a re-adjustment of the scale inclusions to improve overall scale stability and performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current research findings propose a modified five-factor structure to resilience, with a 22-item unidimensional model of CD-RISC scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients using the theoretical domains framework","authors":"Van De Tran ,&nbsp;Thi My Loan Vo ,&nbsp;Quang Loc Duyen Vo ,&nbsp;Minh Trung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Minh Cuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Rebecca Susan Dewey ,&nbsp;Thi Hai Yen Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Theoretical exploration of the behavioral factors associated with adherence to medication in hypertensive patients has been limited in previous studies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to understand the associations between demographic and health characteristics and behavioral factors for medication taking, and how these predict medication adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in hypertensive outpatients, with a sample size of 399 participants. Behavioral factors predicting medication taking, designed to align with the theoretical domains framework, and the medication adherence scale were used. Behavioral factors were determined using principal component analysis, and their associations with demographic and health characteristics and medication adherence were analyzed using non-parametric statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four behavioral factors were identified: (F1) negative emotions and beliefs about capabilities, (F2) beliefs about consequences, (F3) knowledge and skills, and (F4) social support. F1 showed a strongest inverse association with medication adherence (ρ = −0.25; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Significantly higher F1 scores were recorded in hypertensive patients with secondary school or lower education (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), income less than 4 million VND (<em>p</em> = 0.03), who were currently smoking (<em>p</em> = 0.018), self-reporting chest pain or discomfort (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and of older age (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Certain demographic and health characteristics were significantly associated with emotions and beliefs about capabilities to take medication, which, in turn, was significantly associated with medication adherence. Future research should design interventions that focus on reassuring patients of the need and of their ability to overcome their worries and sadness and reduce their difficulties in using medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montelukast deprescribing in outpatient specialty clinics: A single center cross-sectional study","authors":"David C. Foote ,&nbsp;Jamie L. Miller ,&nbsp;Grant H. Skrepnek ,&nbsp;Stephen Neely ,&nbsp;Kiya Bennett ,&nbsp;Paul M. Boylan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify and evaluate montelukast deprescribing in outpatient specialty clinics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at an academic health system in the southern US including 21 specialty clinics. Subjects included adults ≥18 years with an active prescription for montelukast who attended at least one appointment in pulmonology, otolaryngology, or neurology outpatient specialty clinics between January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Patients &lt;18 years and those with diagnoses of uncontrolled asthma or allergic rhinitis were excluded. Outcomes assessed included the frequency and period prevalence of montelukast deprescribing, defined by a documented montelukast discontinuation within the medical record, and evaluation of reasoning for discontinuation mentioned in visit notes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 1152 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of these, 43 (3.7 %) experienced a montelukast deprescribing event: 18 (41.9 %) in neurology, 13 (30.2 %) in otolaryngology, and 12 (27.9 %) in pulmonology. Documented reasons for deprescribing were only available for 11 patients (25.6 %); reasons for deprescribing included patient-provider shared decision-making regarding the Black Box Warning [<em>n</em> = 5 (11.6 %)], inadequate treatment response [<em>n</em> = 3 (7.0 %)], suicidal thought development [<em>n</em> = 1 (2.3 %)], adverse drug event [<em>n</em> = 1 (2.3 %)], and pregnancy planning [<em>n</em> = 1 (2.3 %)].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Montelukast deprescribing rates were less than 5 % in outpatient specialty clinics. Factors associated with montelukast deprescribing beget further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624001069/pdfft?md5=8b6efabe7c4e4834d80a3aa747062844&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624001069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering precision medicine: Insights from a national survey on pharmacogenomics knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions among community pharmacists in the UAE","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ,&nbsp;Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ,&nbsp;Moyad Shahwan ,&nbsp;Mena Al-Ani ,&nbsp;Mustafa Aal Yaseen ,&nbsp;Mahmood H. Al-Aawad ,&nbsp;Ghala Rashid Alnuaimi ,&nbsp;B. Mahalakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacists are essential to pharmacogenomics implementation because they can help trainers, clinical advisors, and other medical professionals understand the importance of pharmacogenomics and encourage them to use it in their practice. This study is to evaluate the community pharmacists' understanding, attitudes, and perceptions of pharmacogenomics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Professionals employed at community pharmacies in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and the Northern Emirates participated in a cross-sectional study design. From July 2023 to February 2024, five pharmacy students in their last year conducted the survey. The study team employed a structured questionnaire to collect data in addition to conducting in-person interviews. The study questionnaire comprised three distinct sections namely, demographic information, knowledge of pharmacogenomics concepts, and perceptions regarding pharmacogenomics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 586 pharmacists enrolled in the study. The average knowledge score regarding pharmacogenomics was 75.1 % with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) of [72.4 %, 77.7 %]. The average attitude score toward pharmacogenomics was 67.5 % with a 95 % CI of [66.3 %, 68.7 %]. Better pharmacogenomics knowledge among several groups: independent pharmacies (OR 1.7; 95 % CI 1.2–2.4), Pharmacists in Charge (OR 1.4; 95 % CI 1.3–2.02), pharmacists with 11–15 years of experience (OR 2.1; 95 % CI 1.4–4.2), graduates from international universities (OR 4.6; 95 % CI 1.6–12.9), and those who received training on pharmacogenomics (OR 11.9; 95 % CI 3.3–14.5). Similarly, better attitude scores were observed among independent pharmacies (OR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.1–2.1), Pharmacists in Charge (OR 1.5; 95 % CI 1.07–2.1), pharmacists with 16–20 years of experience (OR 2.1; 95 % CI 1.16–3.7), graduates regional universities (OR 1.47; 95 % CI 1.05–2.1), and those who received training on pharmacogenomics (OR 4.8; 95 % CI 3.2–7.3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The positive attitudes toward pharmacogenomics that we found in our research indicate that community pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates are beginning to realize the potential advantages of pharmacogenomics in terms of improving patient care. Policies ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of genetic information are also necessary in considering concerns about the availability of genetic test results to insurance companies and potential employers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624001057/pdfft?md5=625218b46de6b74959c05f84dba93308&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624001057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriateness of direct oral anticoagulant dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand","authors":"Chayanat Pongsathabordee ,&nbsp;Piyachat Saringkarn ,&nbsp;Kanjana Ratanapornsompong ,&nbsp;Ratiya Rungruang ,&nbsp;Saranporn Srithonrat ,&nbsp;Pimlada Tangkaotong ,&nbsp;Salintip Sena ,&nbsp;Taniya Paiboonvong","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Appropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has been associated with clinical efficacy and safety. Several studies have shown that DOAC dosing are often inconsistent with guideline recommendations. Little is known about this issue in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of DOAC dosing in Thai hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on hospitalized patients at Rajavithi Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Thailand. Inpatients diagnosed with AF and treated with DOACs between February 2021 and February 2023 were enrolled in the study. The appropriate dosing of DOACs was assessed according to the recommendation of the 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (EHRA). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data; median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, and numbers and percentages for categorical variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 120 patients with AF were evaluated for dosing. The patients received rivaroxaban in 47 cases (39.2 %), apixaban in 32 cases (26.7 %), edoxaban in 31 cases (25.8 %), and dabigatran in 10 cases (8.3 %). Most of the patients were elderly, with a median age of 77.5 (68–84) years. Females were predominant (57.5 %). Our findings indicate that the prevalence of appropriate dosing of DOACs was 63.3 %. However, approximately one-third of patients received inappropriate dosing, with 24 (20.0 %) being overdosed, and 20 (16.7 %) being underdosed. The highest overdosing and underdosing rates were seen in dabigatran (90.0 %) and apixaban (21.9 %), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Inappropriate dosing of DOACs according to the 2021 EHRA recommendations was high in 36.7 %, with overdosing mostly occurring in 20.0 %. The high number of inappropriate dosing highlights the need for implementation of optimal strategies to select the appropriate dose of DOACs in Thai hospitalized patients with AF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624001045/pdfft?md5=6fd96cf91344ef68497a458fd9fc328b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624001045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a medication review intervention by seconding a hospital pharmacist to primary care","authors":"Sara Sommer Holst ,&nbsp;Johanne Mølby Hansen ,&nbsp;Susanne Kaae ,&nbsp;Charlotte Vermehren","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medication reviews (MRs) are a well-described initiative that improves health outcomes for polypharmacy patients. However, there is limited knowledge about the performance of medication reviews carried out in general practice especially under the leadership of hospital clinical pharmacists. When developing complex interventions, such as MRs, it is essential to describe the development process to ensure transparency and avoid research waste.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Thus, this study aimed to describe the steps of developing a new MR intervention targeting general practice to ensure transparency and transferability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A stepwise approach inspired by the Medical Research Council framework was utilised in the process, covering two of the phases, i.e., development and feasibility, divided into four steps: 1) intervention drafting by a literature search, 2) expert opinion, 3) pilot testing in general practice clinics, and 4) evaluation of quantitative MR data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on the results from the first three steps, four main themes which influenced the success of the MR intervention were identified: general practitioner resources, patient involvement, implementation difficulties and interdisciplinarity. These themes guided the pilot evaluation in step four.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A new feasible, complex MR intervention utilising clinical pharmacists in general practice involving hospital clinical pharmacists in a real-life setting was developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing nursing medication rounds before and after implementation of automated dispensing cabinets: A time and motion study","authors":"Emma Jeffrey ,&nbsp;Áine Walsh ,&nbsp;Joseph Hague ,&nbsp;Kit Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nursing medication administration is an integral, albeit time consuming component of a nursing shift. Automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) are a medicines management solution designed to improve both efficiency and patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the time taken to undertake a medication round including the number of locations visited to retrieve medicines, across four different clinical specialties within one hospital. Studies to date have investigated the effect of ADCs on nursing medication rounds centred around one clinical specialty, in hospitals with varying levels of digital maturity. This study adds to the existing body of evidence by investigating multiple clinical specialties where EPMA in use throughout the study period. In this study, prior to ADC implementation nurses retrieved required medicines from shelves in the medication room, mobile medication carts, and patients' own drug (POD) lockers. Post-ADC implementation, medicines were retrieved exclusively from the ADC and POD lockers only. Nurses were observed on each ward completing medication rounds, using the data collection tool designed for this study. Pre-implementation data was collected between February and June 2023, and post-implementation data collected between July and September 2023. There was a statistically significant reduction in the time required for medicines retrieval on the surgical ward only, post- ADC implementation. The time taken to retrieve each medication went from a mean of 98.1 s to 47.2 s (<em>p</em> = 0.0255). When comparing all four specialties as a whole, there was a reduction in the mean time required to issue each medicine preversus post-ADC implementation, from 83.3 s to 62.6 s respectively, however this difference was not shown to be statistically significant. The mean number of locations visited to obtain all required medicines for each patient reduced significantly from 1.73 to 1.04 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). There is potential for improved efficiency as nurses become more familiar with new workflows. It may be of benefit to repeat this study to ascertain whether time savings have been further improved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266727662400101X/pdfft?md5=9b813fbcfde8f721de8372b5e9edfa89&pid=1-s2.0-S266727662400101X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of the community pharmacy policy environment to pharmacists' performance, as reflected in stakeholders' perspectives on professionalism and standards","authors":"John K. Jackson ,&nbsp;Carl M. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Shane L. Scahill ,&nbsp;Michael Mintrom ,&nbsp;Betty B. Chaar","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A complex array of legislation, regulation, policies and aspirational statements by governments, statutory agencies and pharmacy organisations constitutes the policy environment that influences Australian community pharmacy, including pharmacists' performance.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective was to assess the relevance of the policy environment to Australian community pharmacists' performance by examining stakeholders' perspectives on their professionalism and standards.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken on 38 semi-structured interviews of purposively selected individuals including pharmacists and other key stakeholders, from 4 socio-ecological strata (societal, community, organisational, and individual) that have influence on the person to person interaction that a consumer may have with a pharmacist in a community pharmacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>As indicators of their performance, pharmacists' professionalism and compliance with standards can no longer be assumed; they must be demonstrated. However, the current dispensing funding model compromises their ability to demonstrate professionalism and policy is lacking in relation to monitoring and rewarding standards. These shortcomings are further compromised by a growth in commercialism in community pharmacy which impacts the delivery of professional services.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study have implications for pharmacy as an autonomously regulated profession in Australia. Dispensing funding policy could better support and reward quality in pharmacists' performance, and there is strong support for compulsory monitoring of standards. Compliance with a nation-wide quality framework, and provision of a minimum set of professional services should be an obligatory requirement of all community pharmacies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000969/pdfft?md5=82c524fad8bc259638b1771183dc28a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000969-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the general medication adherence scale (GMAS) in patients with high blood pressure","authors":"Rosileide Zeferino da Silva ,&nbsp;Francisco de Assis Costa ,&nbsp;Alfredo Dias de Oliveira-Filho ,&nbsp;Sabrina Joany Felizardo Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To validate the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in Brazilian Portuguese for hypertensive patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The GMAS-English was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and adapted for cultural appropriateness by a translation process and expert panel. A cross-sectional study was conducted in northeast Brazilian cardiology divisions of public and private hospitals, interviewing hypertensive patients. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation, and Pearson's correlation. Convergent validity was tested against the BMQ using chi-square. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing GMAS with blood pressure control using chi-square.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The GMAS was translated and adapted according to standard procedures. In a validation study with 167 hypertensive patients, Cronbach's alpha was 0.79, and Pearson's correlation showed significant test-retest reliability (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Convergent validity with BMQ was significant (p &lt; 0.001), with 89.4 % sensitivity for behaviors considered adherent (High adherence and good adherence), but between the strata that measure low adherence (Partial adherence, low adherence and very low adherence), the specificity rate was 50 %. Criterion validity between GMAS and blood pressure control was not observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Brazilian Portuguese version of the GMAS exhibited good consistency and reproducibility, modest agreement with BMQ scale and did not demonstrate acceptable criterion validity for hypertensive patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276624000994/pdfft?md5=d8b3896005360b2507fe6f3f038a0859&pid=1-s2.0-S2667276624000994-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}