Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy最新文献

{"title":"Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor to standard of care chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ramaditya Srinivasmurthy, Jason Ta, Sharif Afifi, Taimur Khalid, Hazem Aboaid, Rishi Kumar Nanda, Daniel Thomas Jones, Kenny Do, Kevin Nguyen, Karina Fama, Sarah Aamer, Yin Mon Myat, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas, Kyaw Zin Thein","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2026.1002403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preliminary findings from this study were previously published as a conference abstract (https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.IO2025-B039). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but their efficacy and safety when integrated with standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced NPC remain under investigation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of integrating ICIs with standard CRT-based treatment in patients with locally advanced NPC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception through September 1, 2025, for English-language phase II or III randomized controlled trials evaluating ICIs plus standard therapy. Eligible studies reported efficacy outcomes, including progression-free/event-free survival (PFS/EFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and/or safety outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using the generic inverse variance method, and risk ratios (RRs) for adverse events were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Fixed-effect models were used, with heterogeneity assessed using <i>I</i> ² statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three trials randomized 1,022 patients: CONTINUUM (<i>n</i> = 423), DIPPER (<i>n</i> = 450), and a phase II toripalimab trial (<i>n</i> = 149). The pooled safety population included 998 patients. ICIs significantly improved PFS/EFS [HR 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.72; <i>P</i> < 0.0001], DMFS (HR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.36-0.75; <i>P</i> = 0.0005), and LRFS (HR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31-0.71; <i>P</i> = 0.0003). OS favored the ICI arm but was not statistically significant (HR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.49-1.20; <i>P</i> = 0.24). ICIs increased immune related adverse events, whereas most CRT-associated locoregional and hematologic toxicities were not significantly increased.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Adding ICIs to standard CRT based therapy significantly improved disease control outcomes, including PFS/EFS, DMFS, and LRFS, without broadly worsening the overall CRT associated toxicity profile. Longer follow up is needed to determine whether these early disease control benefits translate into a statistically significant OS advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of next-generation sequencing in the era of targeted therapy for biliary tract cancer: an analysis at a single institution.","authors":"Kei Nakagawa, Hideaki Sato, Masahiro Iseki, Daisuke Douchi, Shuichi Aoki, Michiaki Unno","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002402","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Treatment approaches for biliary tract cancer (BTC) vary widely. Genomic profiling through next-generation sequencing (NGS) has made it possible to apply precision medicine in the management of BTC. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the implementation of treatments based on identified genomic mutations and their clinical significance in patients with BTC in Japan, where NGS is covered by health insurance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 65 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who underwent comprehensive genomic profiling at a single institution between November 2019 and October 2024. Genomic mutations were classified according to the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) scale. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 65 patients, clinically relevant genomic mutations classified using the ESCAT scale were identified in 47 patients, and clinically treatable genomic mutations were identified in 13 patients. Six patients ultimately received mutation-guided therapy, including fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors and pembrolizumab. The median time from specimen submission to review by the expert panel was 26 (range, 16-40) days. No significant difference in OS was observed based on the site of the primary tumor (log-rank test, <i>P</i> = 0.5804).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although clinically actionable genomic mutations were identified in one-fifth of patients, < 10% ultimately received treatment based on those findings, highlighting a gap between genomic profiling and treatment implementation. In contrast, with the increasing number of available therapies, access to precision treatment for patients with BTC may improve in the future through a combination of early adoption of NGS and the complementary use of liquid biopsy when tissue is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Peter Emerson, Liza Thomas","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002401","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With national breast cancer screening programs leading to earlier diagnosis and improved treatments, more women are achieving long-term remission. However, this has resulted in rising rates of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer survivors consequent to their cancer therapies. Anthracyclines, a cornerstone treatment in breast cancer, carry a significant risk of short- and long-term cardiotoxicity through inhibition of topoisomerase II, preventing DNA repair and increasing oxidative stress. This most commonly manifests in the form of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction or heart failure, and in severe cases, death. Many of the other treatments, including taxanes, cyclophosphamide, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 inhibitors, immunotherapies, hormone therapies, and radiotherapy, also carry a risk of cardiac injury in the form of heart failure, arrhythmias, myocarditis, and pericardial disease. Surveillance has traditionally been performed by monitoring LV ejection fraction by transthoracic echocardiography. However, this has been found to be a late marker of cardiotoxicity, with damage potentially irreversible, and may reflect a missed opportunity for early intervention. Research has focused on identifying cardiac biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques, including strain analysis, to detect subclinical myocardial injury or dysfunction prior to irreversible damage, with LV global longitudinal strain a sensitive marker of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction and superior predictor of future cardiovascular events. Further research is needed to establish standardized guidelines on surveillance and management of this vulnerable patient cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: expanding options and persisting uncertainties.","authors":"Anne-Murielle Hollinger, Ruben Bill","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002400","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine treatment in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors represents the mainstay of first-line palliative treatment in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. The treatment landscape after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors has evolved into a complex and rapidly evolving field, driven by novel endocrine and targeted agents, new combination therapies, and increasing implementation of biomarker-directed approaches. Recent randomized trials have shown that new therapeutic strategies significantly prolong progression-free survival in this setting, with some treatments reaching notable numerical improvements. Translating these options into routine clinical practice remains challenging due to heterogeneous trial designs, lack of head-to-head comparisons, suboptimal comparator treatments, and limited overall survival data. While the increasing implementation of biomarkers holds the potential for more personalized treatments, their clinical utility depends on their mechanistic and contextual biological relevance, methodological reliability of detection, and proven predictive value in clinical trials. Based on the current evidence, optimal treatment selection and sequencing in the post-CDK4/6 inhibitor setting remain insufficiently defined, and optimization of biomarker-guided treatment requires further mechanistic understanding and methodological refinement. This narrative review provides an overview of the most recent randomized clinical trial evidence shaping current clinical practice and discusses persistent uncertainties regarding its implementation in routine care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial checkpoint for interferon responses in macrophages.","authors":"Andreas O Mieland, Oliver H Krämer","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002399","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A functional immune system is a key antagonist of cancer cell growth. Cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) promote the onset of inflammation, turn cells into an anti-viral state, and shape the dynamic tumor-immune cell interactome. Recent work illustrates how type I IFNs contribute to the resolution of inflammatory conditions. This involves macrophage-mediated efferocytosis for the clearance of apoptotic cells and the intrinsic capacity of type I IFNs to restrict their own autocrine signaling loops via the IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) protein. We discuss how this may affect tumor cells and how acetylation-dependent processes can affect the phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascades that augment IFN-dependent gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response-adaptive breast cancer care in the grey zones: integrating ER and HER2 targeted PET, FDG PET/CT under immunotherapy, and ctDNA kinetics.","authors":"Jovana Zivanovic, Jules Zhang-Yin","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2026.1002398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer management increasingly hinges on decisions made in \"grey zones\" where tissue sampling is scarce, and tumour biology evolves under therapeutic pressure. This narrative review synthesises evidence on how whole-body imaging biomarkers and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can support response-adaptive pathways at the interface of surgical and systemic care. Four clinically actionable domains are discussed. (a) 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol ([18F]FES) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) enables non-invasive, whole-body mapping of functional oestrogen receptor (ER) expression to address receptor discordance, heterogeneous metastases, and selection of endocrine-based strategies. (b) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted PET (notably ⁸⁹Zr-trastuzumab, with emerging alternatives) provides whole-body receptor assessment to uncover actionable HER2-positive disease despite HER2-negative primaries, informing anti-HER2 treatment selection when repeat biopsy is infeasible. (c) In triple-negative breast cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT offers quantitative response and whole-body burden assessment but requires immunotherapy-aware interpretation (e.g., confirmation strategies for apparent early progression) to mitigate pseudoprogression and dissociated responses, while simultaneously visualising immune-related adverse events. (d) Pairing early metabolic change on FDG PET/CT with ctDNA kinetics is presented as a biologically complementary approach for response monitoring and risk stratification, with potential to inform trial-embedded response-adaptive hypotheses, with ctDNA offering a rapid systemic trajectory and PET providing lesion-level localisation in heterogeneous or oligoprogressive disease. Overall, these tools add value only when linked to prespecified clinical questions and consensus actions; prospective studies are needed to validate standardised, outcome-improving response-adaptive algorithms that integrate imaging and liquid biopsy. Key implementation challenges include tracer availability, harmonised acquisition/reconstruction, threshold definition, and avoiding overtesting. Near-term impact may be greatest in problem-solving and in trial-embedded decision rules that operationalise biomarker-guided care.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethical challenges in the implementation of targeted anti-tumor therapies in low-resource settings: a perspective from Latin America.","authors":"Alcides Chaux","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002397","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision oncology has revolutionized cancer care in high-income countries, but its implementation in Latin American low-resource settings faces profound bioethical dilemmas. This study analyzes these challenges through the lens of social justice and equity. An integrative review was conducted following the Whittemore and Knafl framework. A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS (2015-2025). Thematic synthesis was applied to integrate empirical data with normative bioethical theories. Four major analytical themes were identified: 1) The innovation paradox and financial toxicity, where prohibitive pricing (exceeding 100,000 USD/year) violates distributive justice and leads to a biological penalty in survival; 2) Infrastructure deficits and epistemic injustice, highlighted by a 9.4% access rate to next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the risks of applying Eurocentric genomic data to admixed LA populations; 3) Research vulnerability, where clinical trials serve as survival strategies, compromising autonomy and informed consent; and 4) The judicialization dilemma, where individual court orders for high-cost drugs threaten systemic sustainability and equity. To prevent a genomic apartheid, Latin America must transition toward genomic sovereignty and frugal precision oncology. Bioethical frameworks in the region must prioritize protection ethics and social justice to ensure that scientific innovation does not exacerbate existing health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision oncology in the treatment of patients with bone sarcomas: an up-to-date narrative review.","authors":"Sude Yarar, Panagiotis Tsagkozis","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002396","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary bone sarcomas are rare and biologically heterogeneous malignancies for which therapeutic progress remains limited, particularly in metastatic and recurrent disease. Advances in genomic and molecular profiling have revealed substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity across the major subtypes, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma, challenging conventional histology-driven treatment strategies. Precision medicine approaches are being increasingly explored to better capture this biological complexity and guide individualized therapeutic decision-making. This review examines emerging precision oncology strategies in bone sarcomas, including molecular diagnostics, targeted therapeutic approaches, three-dimensional functional modeling systems, and liquid biopsy technologies for dynamic disease monitoring. Together, these platforms provide biologically informed frameworks for patient-specific treatment and longitudinal assessment of tumor evolution. However, clinical implementation remains limited by genomic complexity, small patient cohorts, and methodological variability across experimental platforms. The integration of multi-layered precision models combining genomic stratification, functional drug sensitivity testing and circulating biomarker monitoring may enable more adaptive and individualized management strategies. Such approaches have the potential to improve therapeutic selection and ultimately advance outcomes for patients with primary bone sarcomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of delivering systemic treatments concomitantly with whole-brain radiotherapy: a prospective, observational, single-institution study.","authors":"Maria Protopapa, Kalliopi Platoni, Michalis Psarras, Styliani-Theonymfi Nikoloudi, Zoi Liakouli, Despoina Alexiou, Christina Armpilia, Christos Antypas, Christos Papadimitriou, Vasileios Kouloulias, Anna Zygogianni","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002395","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of delivering systemic treatments concurrently with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-institution, prospective observational study was conducted in Athens, Greece, including 99 patients treated with WBRT for brain metastases from September 2017 until October 2019, and with a follow-up period extending to March 2025. The study endpoints included overall survival (OS) for all causes of death, time to intracranial progression (TTICP), and serious acute toxicities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median OS from all causes of death was 6 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-7.3]. Concomitant systemic therapy reduced the risk of death (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and the presence of systemic metastases (<i>p</i> = 0.009) increased the risk of death for patients with brain metastases treated with whole brain radiotherapy. The median TTICP was 10 months (95% CI: 3.3-16.6), with a more protracted fractionation and a larger number of brain metastases being prognostic of an increase in the TTICP. Acute severe toxicity was observed in 16.2% of patients, with no statistically significant difference between concurrent and no systemic therapy groups, and with no treatment interruptions in patients treated concurrently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that there is no serious toxicity from the combination of systemic therapy with WBRT, and that the OS and the TTICP are not compromised with their concurrent delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid biopsy in breast cancer: current biomarker platforms and clinical applications.","authors":"Pritam Saha Podder, Debasree Bhadra, Canio Martinelli, Salvatore Cortellino, Antonio Giordano, Stefano Cinti","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002394","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and despite considerable advances in therapeutic strategies, the absence of reliable, minimally invasive diagnostic tools continues to limit early detection and real-time disease monitoring. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a transformative paradigm in oncology, offering the capacity to integrate tumor biology through the analysis of tumor-derived materials that circulate in peripheral blood and other biofluids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key analytes employed in liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and protein biomarkers with particular emphasis on their translational relevance in breast cancer. Drawing on landmark clinical trials and foundational molecular studies, we highlight how these biomarkers capture spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity in ways that conventional tissue biopsy cannot. Finally, we address the technical, clinical, and ethical challenges that still impede widespread adoption of liquid biopsy, and we outline a forward-looking research agenda oriented toward multi-omics integration and point-of-care diagnostics. Taken together, this review underscores the potential of liquid biopsy to complement existing diagnostic standards and improve how we screen for, monitor, and treat breast cancer across disease stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}