Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in patients with breast cancer.","authors":"Abdullatif Taha Babakr, Mohamed Mahmoud Nour Eldein","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Breast cancer (BC), a disease in which abnormal breast cells grow out of control and form tumors, is a prevalent life-threatening disease worldwide. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including BC. Assessing lipid peroxidation and overall antioxidant status in BC offers valuable information on disease progression, patient prognosis, and the effectiveness of therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 150 women were categorized into three groups: normal, benign mass, and BC. Participants were selected and evaluated at the cancer clinic; fasting blood samples were collected, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), cancer antigen (CA) 15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed to compare the levels of these parameters in different groups and examine the analytical performance of TAC and Ox-LDL in BC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with malignancy, the serum level of TAC was significantly decreased compared with the benign group (8.3 U/mL and 16.04 U/mL, respectively) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Healthy controls exhibited higher levels of TAC (43.4 U/mL). The levels of Ox-LDL in BC were significantly increased in both malignant and benign groups (3,831 pg/mL and 1,234 pg/mL, respectively) compared with normal controls (682 pg/mL) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). CEA and CA15-3 were drastically increased in the BC groups compared with the control group. A significant area under the curve was observed in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for TAC (0.975, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and Ox-LDL (0.986, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that patients with BC had lower TAC and higher Ox-LDL serum levels, indicating elevated oxidative stress. These levels may serve as promising monitoring parameters in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"A. Mahajan, Gurukrishna B, Shweta Wadhwa, Ujjwal Agarwal, Ujjwal Baid, Sanjay Talbar, A. Janu, Vijay Patil, V. Noronha, N. Mummudi, A. Tibdewal, JP Agarwal, Subhash Yadav, Rajiv Kumar Kaushal, A. Puranik, N. Purandare, K. Prabhash","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"124 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and recent explorations of anti-cancer activity of chrysin: from molecular targets to therapeutic perspective","authors":"Abhilasha Sood, Arpit Mehrotra, Ujjawal Sharma, D. Aggarwal, Tejveer Singh, M. Shahwan, A. Jairoun, Isha Rani, S. Ramniwas, H. Tuli, Vikas Yadav, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00230","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there have been notable advancements in comprehending the potential anti-cancer effects of chrysin (CH), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found abundantly in various plant sources like honey, propolis, and certain fruits and vegetables. This active compound has garnered significant attention due to its promising therapeutic qualities and minimal toxicity. CH’s ability to combat cancer arises from its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including the initiation of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell cycle progression. CH also displays potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively counteracting the harmful molecules that contribute to DNA damage and the development of cancer. Furthermore, CH has exhibited the potential to sensitize cancer cells to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, amplifying the effectiveness of these treatments while reducing their negative impact on healthy cells. Hence, in this current review, the composition, chemistry, mechanisms of action, safety concerns of CH, along with the feasibility of its nanoformulations. To conclude, the recent investigations into CH’s anti-cancer effects present a compelling glimpse into the potential of this natural compound as a complementary therapeutic element in the array of anti-cancer approaches, providing a safer and more comprehensive method of combating this devastating ailment.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"45 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability: misdiagnosis, pseudoprogression and/or tumor heterogeneity?","authors":"Nicola Normanno, Vincenza Caridi, M. Fassan, A. Avallone, Fortunato Ciardiello, C. Pinto","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00231","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with deficiency of the deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) pathway/ microsatellite instability (MSI) is characterized by a high mutation load and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In agreement with these findings, clinical trials have demonstrated a significant activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in dMMR/MSI metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients and, more recently, in CRC patients with early disease undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. However, despite high response rates and durable clinical benefits, a fraction of mCRC patients, up to 30%, showed progressive disease when treated with single agent anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody. This article discusses the three main causes that have been associated with early progression of dMMR/MSI mCRC patients while on treatment with ICIs, i.e., misdiagnosis, pseudoprogression and tumor heterogeneity. While pseudoprogression probably does not play a relevant role, data from clinical studies demonstrate that some dMMR/MSI CRC cases with rapid progression on ICIs may be misdiagnosed, underlining the importance of correct diagnostics. More importantly, evidence suggests that dMMR/MSI mCRC is a heterogeneous group of tumors with different sensitivity to ICIs. Therefore, we propose novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of dMMR/MSI CRC patients.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: tissue predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Stefano Lucà, Marina Accardo, Severo Campione, Renato Franco","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00229","url":null,"abstract":"Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant neoplasms arising in the thymus gland. Nevertheless, TETs, including thymomas (TMs), thymic carcinomas (TCs), and thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (TNENs), are the most common mediastinal malignancies overall. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic management of TETs. To date, the main therapeutic strategies are largely depended on the stage of the tumor and they include surgery with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, represented by platinum-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are ongoing under evaluation in the advanced or metastatic diseases despite the challenges related to the very low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the high incidence of immune-related adverse events in TETs. In this regard, predictive impact of tissue biomarkers expression such as programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and other emerging biomarkers, as well as their optimal and shared interpretation are currently under evaluation in order to predict response rates to ICIs in TETs.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"88 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening","authors":"Sahira Syamimi Ahmad Zawawi, Elyn Amiela Salleh, Marahaini Musa","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00226","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"48 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of glucose metabolism and expression of glucose transporters in ovarian cancer","authors":"Fatima Ben Ali, Zineb Qmichou, Mohamed Oukabli, N. Dakka, Youssef Bakri, Mohammed Eddouks, Rabii Ameziane El Hassani","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00224","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect, remains a hallmark of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. Cancer cells undergo metabolic changes to sustain their tumorigenic properties and adapt to environmental conditions, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation. Altered metabolic pathways not only facilitate ovarian cancer cells’ survival and proliferation but also endow them to metastasize, develop resistance to chemotherapy, maintain cancer stem cell phenotype, and escape anti-tumor immune responses. Glucose transporters (GLUTs), which play a pivotal role as the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, are frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Multiple oncoproteins can regulate GLUT proteins, promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis, either dependent or independent of glycolysis. This review examines the alteration of GLUT proteins, particularly GLUT1, in ovarian cancer and its impact on cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. Additionally, it highlights the role of these proteins as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in ovarian cancer, and delves into novel therapeutic strategies currently under development that target GLUT isoforms.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"115 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer symptom cluster research in pediatric oncology: a work in progress","authors":"L. Veronez, Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00225","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, advances in basic research have provided new insights in the field of pediatric oncology. Pediatric patients tend to experience higher levels of distressing symptoms, which together form a symptom cluster. In clinical practice, these symptom clusters are reported daily by children and adolescents with cancer. Translational research has emerged as the translation of new knowledge from basic science into clinical practice. Understanding how neuroimmunoendocrine pathways regulate cancer development and the aspects underlying the specific therapies, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, is an important frontier for future research in pediatric oncology. The goal of translational research is to show how different variables in tumor and patient characteristics explain the differential effects of interventions, as translational research provides new insights into the management of cancer symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer. Together, this approach could lead to improvements in pediatric oncology care worldwide.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"90 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping accuracy for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase testing in pharmacogenetics","authors":"Annalaura Montella, Sueva Cantalupo, Giuseppe D’alterio, Vincenzo Damiano, A. Iolascon, Mario Capasso","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00223","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoropyrimidines, crucial in cancer treatment, often cause toxicity concerns even at standard doses. Toxic accumulation of fluoropyrimidine metabolites, culminating in adverse effects, can stem from impaired dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) enzymatic function. Emerging evidence underscores the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DPYD gene, capable of inducing DPYD activity deficiency. Consequently, DPYD genotyping’s importance is on the rise in clinical practice before initiating fluoropyrimidine treatment. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing (SS; PCR-SS) is a prevalent method for DPYD genotyping, it may encounter limitations. In this context, there is reported a case in which a routine PCR-SS approach for genotyping DPYD SNP rs55886062 failed in a proband of African descent. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) categorizes the guanine (G) allele of this SNP as non-functional. The enforcement of whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach led to the identification of two adenine (A) insertions near the PCR primers annealing regions in the proband, responsible for a sequence frameshift and a genotyping error for rs55886062. These SNPs (rs145228578, 1-97981199-T-TA and rs141050810, 1-97981622-G-GA) were extremely rare in non-Finnish Europeans (0.05%) but prevalent in African populations (16%). Although limited evidence was available for these SNPs, they were catalogued as benign variants in public databases. Notably, these two SNPs exhibited a high linkage disequilibrium [LD; squared correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.98]. These findings highlighted the importance to consider the prevalence of genetic variants within diverse ethnic populations when designing primers and probes for SNP genotyping in pharmacogenetic testing. This preventive measure is essential to avoid sequence frameshifts or primer misalignments arising from SNP occurrences in the genome, which can compromise PCR-SS and lead to genotyping failures. Furthermore, this case highlights the significance of exploring alternative genotyping approaches, like WGS, when confronted with challenges associated with conventional techniques.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor metabolism in pheochromocytomas: clinical and therapeutic implications","authors":"M. Jeeyavudeen, Navin Mathiyalagan, Cornelius Fernandez James, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.37349/etat.2024.00222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00222","url":null,"abstract":"Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) have emerged as one of the most common endocrine tumors. It epitomizes fascinating crossroads of genetic, metabolic, and endocrine oncology, providing a canvas to explore the molecular intricacies of tumor biology. Predominantly rooted in the aberration of metabolic pathways, particularly the Krebs cycle and related enzymatic functionalities, PPGLs manifest an intriguing metabolic profile, highlighting elevated levels of oncometabolites like succinate and fumarate, and furthering cellular malignancy and genomic instability. This comprehensive review aims to delineate the multifaceted aspects of tumor metabolism in PPGLs, encapsulating genetic factors, oncometabolites, and potential therapeutic avenues, thereby providing a cohesive understanding of metabolic disturbances and their ramifications in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Initial investigations into PPGLs metabolomics unveiled a stark correlation between specific genetic mutations, notably in the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHx) genes, and the accumulation of oncometabolites, establishing a pivotal role in epigenetic alterations and hypoxia-inducible pathways. By scrutinizing voluminous metabolic studies and exploiting technologies, novel insights into the metabolic and genetic aspects of PPGLs are perpetually being gathered elucidating complex interactions and molecular machinations. Additionally, the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities has burgeoned harboring potential for innovative and efficacious treatment modalities. This review encapsulates the profound metabolic complexities of PPGLs, aiming to foster an enriched understanding and pave the way for future investigations and therapeutic innovations in managing these metabolically unique tumors.","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}