Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy最新文献

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Comparison of weekly docetaxel regimens in prostate cancer: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis. 每周多西他赛治疗前列腺癌的比较:系统回顾和频率网络荟萃分析。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2026-02-27 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002360
Shree Rath, Fatima Sajjad, Khawaja Abdul Rehman, Zaryab Bacha, Ahmad Omar Saleh, Umair Hayat, Umama Alam, Waseef Ullah, Fareeda Brohi, Osama Ahmad, Muzamil Khan, Amar Lal
{"title":"Comparison of weekly docetaxel regimens in prostate cancer: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis.","authors":"Shree Rath, Fatima Sajjad, Khawaja Abdul Rehman, Zaryab Bacha, Ahmad Omar Saleh, Umair Hayat, Umama Alam, Waseef Ullah, Fareeda Brohi, Osama Ahmad, Muzamil Khan, Amar Lal","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2026.1002360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Docetaxel is a cornerstone chemotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although the standard triweekly regimen is widely used, weekly and biweekly schedules are often employed to improve tolerability, particularly in elderly or frail patients. The comparative efficacy and safety of these dosing strategies remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically compare weekly, biweekly, and triweekly docetaxel regimens using a network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to February 2025. Randomized controlled trials and observational retrospective studies comparing weekly, biweekly, and triweekly docetaxel regimens were included. Outcomes assessed were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate, time to treatment failure or progression, and adverse events. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted using R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies involving 1,238 patients were included. PSA response rates did not differ significantly among regimens; triweekly docetaxel showed a numerically lower response compared with weekly dosing (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.22; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 41.1%). Time to treatment failure was significantly longer with triweekly dosing compared with weekly dosing (mean difference = 10.91 months, 95% CI 6.94-14.87; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 96.8%). Biweekly and triweekly regimens were associated with significantly higher hepatotoxicity compared with weekly dosing (RR = 3.71 and RR = 3.21, respectively; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 0%). Vomiting was more frequent with triweekly docetaxel (RR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.31-4.63). No significant differences were observed for overall adverse events, hematologic toxicity, neuropathy, fatigue, febrile neutropenia, nausea, anorexia, or diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Docetaxel dosing schedules show comparable PSA response rates. Triweekly dosing prolongs time to treatment failure but is associated with greater toxicity, whereas weekly dosing offers better tolerability. Treatment decisions should balance efficacy and safety based on individual patient characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12950338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benign, persistent, and invasive: mechanistic and translational approaches to middle‑ear cholesteatoma. 良性、持续性和侵袭性:中耳胆脂瘤的机制和转化入路。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2026-02-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002359
Pinelopi Samara, Michail Athanasopoulos, Ioannis Athanasopoulos
{"title":"Benign, persistent, and invasive: mechanistic and translational approaches to middle‑ear cholesteatoma.","authors":"Pinelopi Samara, Michail Athanasopoulos, Ioannis Athanasopoulos","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2026.1002359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired middle-ear cholesteatoma is a histologically benign keratinizing squamous epithelial lesion that paradoxically exhibits locally destructive, recurrent, and invasive behavior, often resulting in ossicular erosion, hearing loss, labyrinthine fistula, and, rarely, intracranial complications. Surgical excision remains the primary management strategy; however, recurrence is common due to persistent microenvironmental drivers. Recent mechanistic studies-including single-cell transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and epigenetic profiling-reveal a multifactorial pathogenesis orchestrated by chronic inflammation, proteolytic extracellular-matrix remodeling, osteoclast activation via RANKL and activin A, epithelial plasticity with partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and a dysbiotic, biofilm-forming microbiome. Emerging evidence further implicates oxidative stress, RNA and epigenetic modifications, miRNA dysregulation, and immune cell infiltration as central modulators of lesion chronicity and bone resorption. Collectively, these processes establish a self-sustaining pro-osteolytic microenvironment that drives bone erosion and postoperative recurrence. Cholesteatoma recapitulates several features of malignant lesions-hyperproliferation, local invasion, and stromal/immune cell recruitment-yet remains fundamentally benign, lacking metastatic potential and genomic instability. Its aggression is ecological rather than genetic, highlighting the potential for microenvironment-directed, precision-based strategies. Adjunctive approaches may include local delivery of modulatory agents, targeted interference with inflammatory, proteolytic, osteoclastogenic, and microbial axes, and biomarker-guided patient stratification. Preclinical and early-phase experimental studies assessing target engagement, radiologic stabilization, and molecular surrogates of efficacy could inform safer, mechanism-driven interventions that complement surgery, reduce recurrence, and preserve hearing. Integrating molecular pathobiology with clinical strategy positions cholesteatoma as a model for benign yet locally aggressive, microenvironment-driven disease, providing a roadmap for translational therapies with direct relevance to surgical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12949409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glioblastoma pathophysiology: roles of aging driven changes in STAT3 interactions with NF-κB dimer components in the modulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and night-time inflammation resolution. 胶质母细胞瘤病理生理学:衰老驱动的STAT3与NF-κB二聚体组分相互作用在线粒体褪黑激素通路和夜间炎症消退调节中的作用。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2026-02-13 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002358
George Anderson
{"title":"Glioblastoma pathophysiology: roles of aging driven changes in STAT3 interactions with NF-κB dimer components in the modulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and night-time inflammation resolution.","authors":"George Anderson","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002358","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex condition with a poorly understood pathophysiology and no effective treatment to date. The present article highlights the role of canonical and non-canonical signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) interactions with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the modulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in GBM microenvironment pathophysiology. The capacity of STAT3 and NF-κB to interact to upregulate the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway is suppressed systemically over the course of aging, thereby attenuating the capacity to achieve inflammation resolution. The suppressed capacity to induce the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway systemically is partly driven by the dramatic 10-fold decrease in pineal melatonin over aging. The attenuation of pineal melatonin in the first half of sleep over aging and aging-accelerating conditions disinhibits the effects of cortisol in the second half of sleep. This decrease in the melatonin/cortisol ratio alters the nature of night-time dampening and resetting in preparation for the coming day by altering cellular and intercellular homeostatic interactions. Aging and aging-accelerating conditions, by impacting the night-time melatonin/cortisol ratio, also suppress the capacity of the vagal nerve to resolve inflammation. This further contributes to systemic changes that influence GBM pathoetiology and ongoing pathophysiology. Aging-associated changes in night-time dampening and resetting provide a novel framework on which many previously disparate bodies of data on GBM pathophysiology can be collated. This has numerous future research, prevention, and treatment implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of explainable artificial intelligence integrating with electronic health record in oncology. 可解释人工智能与电子病历集成在肿瘤学中的应用。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2026-02-04 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002357
Yuhan Yang, Xici Liu
{"title":"Application of explainable artificial intelligence integrating with electronic health record in oncology.","authors":"Yuhan Yang, Xici Liu","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002357","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models applied to electronic health records (EHRs) have substantial potential to improve oncology care across diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, and trial recruitment. However, opacity of many high-performing models limits clinician trust, regulatory acceptance, and safe deployment. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods aim to make model behavior understandable and actionable in clinical contexts. The present perspective summarizes current XAI approaches applied to EHR-based oncology tasks, identifies key challenges in evaluation, reproducibility, clinical utility, and equity, and proposes pragmatic recommendations and research directions to accelerate safe adoption in oncology. Common XAI categories used with EHR data include feature importance/interaction methods, intrinsically interpretable models, attention mechanisms, dimensionality reduction, and knowledge distillation or rule extraction. Tree-based models with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) explanations dominate recent EHR studies. Other interpretable strategies, such as generalized additive models and rule sets, appear in settings where transparency is prioritized. Gaps include inconsistent reporting, scarce formal evaluation of explanations for clinical utility, limited reproducibility for data and code availability, inadequate external validation, and insufficient consideration of fairness and equity that these issues are particularly important in oncology, where heterogeneity and stakes are high. Overall, integrating XAI with EHR-driven oncology models is promising but underdeveloped, which requires further progress by multi-stakeholder evaluation frameworks, reproducible pipelines, prospective and multicenter validations, and equity-aware design. The field should prioritize clinically meaningful explanations beyond ranking features and study how explanations affect clinician decision-making and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The critical need for robust decision support in the era of precision cancer therapeutics. 在精准癌症治疗时代,对强大决策支持的迫切需求。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2026-01-22 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002356
Maurie Markman
{"title":"The critical need for robust decision support in the era of precision cancer therapeutics.","authors":"Maurie Markman","doi":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002356","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2026.1002356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"7 ","pages":"1002356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Next-generation nanocarriers for precision antitumor therapy: from passive targeting to intelligent response. 用于精准抗肿瘤治疗的新一代纳米载体:从被动靶向到智能应答。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2025-12-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002355
Dilpreet Singh, Akshay Kumar
{"title":"Next-generation nanocarriers for precision antitumor therapy: from passive targeting to intelligent response.","authors":"Dilpreet Singh, Akshay Kumar","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002355","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems has transformed the paradigm of cancer therapeutics, advancing from conventional cytotoxic formulations to intelligent, adaptive nanosystems capable of precision targeting. Early-generation nanocarriers exploited the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for passive tumor accumulation, yet their therapeutic efficiency remained constrained by tumor heterogeneity, limited penetration, and off-target toxicity. Emerging nanotechnologies now integrate active targeting, stimuli-responsive components, and biomimetic strategies to achieve spatiotemporal control over drug release and tumor-selective action. These \"intelligent\" nanocarriers are designed to recognize molecular signatures, respond dynamically to tumor microenvironmental cues such as pH, redox gradients, hypoxia, and enzymatic activity, and even engage in real-time feedback through imaging or biosensing modules. In addition, hybrid and multifunctional platforms-combining liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic systems-offer programmable functionality and synergistic delivery of chemotherapeutic, gene-editing, and immunomodulatory agents. This review delineates the mechanistic basis of passive and active targeting, highlights recent innovations in stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nanocarriers, and explores translational and regulatory perspectives shaping their clinical journey. By integrating nanotechnology with systems biology and artificial intelligence, next-generation nanocarriers promise to redefine the landscape of precision antitumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Therapeutic properties of plant-derived prebiotics in melanoma. 植物源益生元对黑色素瘤的治疗作用。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2025-12-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002354
Emily Kay, Mahnaz Kazi, Jeremy Burton, Seema Nair Parvathy
{"title":"Therapeutic properties of plant-derived prebiotics in melanoma.","authors":"Emily Kay, Mahnaz Kazi, Jeremy Burton, Seema Nair Parvathy","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002354","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized metastatic melanoma treatment, yet only a subset of patients respond effectively, and the treatment can induce a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including colitis. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in determining patient responses to immunotherapy, prompting exploration of gut-modifying strategies such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to overcome both primary and acquired resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Prebiotics, defined as dietary substrates that selectively support the growth and/or activity of beneficial gut microorganisms, represent a feasible and safe strategy for microbiome reshaping. Plant-derived prebiotics like castalagin, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, mushroom extract, kale extract, and konjac glucomannan offer unique advantages over synthetic or animal-derived alternatives due to their natural fiber content alongside their ability to enhance gut microbial diversity. Prebiotics are known to achieve health benefits by selectively stimulating beneficial gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that modulate the host immune system, suppressing pathogenic microbes, enhancing mucin production, and modulating systemic and gut-associated immune responses. SCFAs generated through prebiotic fermentation influence host innate and adaptive immunity and regulate metabolic activity via inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), influencing mTOR/MAPK signaling and cytokine production. They also act as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), altering intracellular calcium and cAMP to modulate immune cell gene expression. However, the specific mechanisms by which individual prebiotics interact with host genetics, beneficial gut bacteria, and their metabolites are not very well understood. This is crucial to optimize their therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy. This review synthesizes current evidence on plant-derived prebiotics, highlighting the impact of beneficial gut bacteria and their metabolites. Given their established safety for human consumption, prebiotics represent a promising, low-risk option to improve gut microbiome composition and potentially enhance immunotherapy and clinical outcomes in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptualization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 targeting nanomedicines. 靶向纳米药物的成纤维细胞生长因子受体1的概念。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2025-12-17 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002353
Yilin Ma, Mengqin Guo, Yang Liu, Zhengwei Huang
{"title":"Conceptualization of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 targeting nanomedicines.","authors":"Yilin Ma, Mengqin Guo, Yang Liu, Zhengwei Huang","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002353","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is crucial in the progression of various cancers, participating in the processes of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. FGFR1 plays a role in the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Therefore, using monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to target FGFR1 and enhancing ICIs by modifying the tumor microenvironment and combating immune suppression represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Based on the FGFR1-related research and the active targeting strategy, we believe that modifying the surface of nanomedicines with anti-FGFR1 antibodies (such as OM-RCA-01) is an effective targeted treatment method for tumors with high expression of FGFR1. Although there have been relevant studies confirming the feasibility of this approach, there are challenges in clinical application, especially in terms of maintaining uniform quality during large-scale production. Therefore, we suggest conducting further optimization studies in the future to accelerate the clinical application of such drug delivery systems and provide more efficient and cost-effective options for tumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing procedures for ocular radiation injury studies in the tree shrew. 树鼩眼辐射损伤研究的优化程序。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002352
Lauren A Dalvin, Kjersten J Anderson, Tommy A Rinkoski, David R Miley, Hien Ong, Angela M Schechinger, Cassandra A Fjeld, Catherine R Leblond, Mackenzie K Keown, Sierra D Palmer, Danielle M Burgenske, Brett L Carlson, Lauren L Ott, Brian C Samuels, Michael F Romero, Jann N Sarkaria, Felicia Duke Boynton, Gavin W Roddy
{"title":"Optimizing procedures for ocular radiation injury studies in the tree shrew.","authors":"Lauren A Dalvin, Kjersten J Anderson, Tommy A Rinkoski, David R Miley, Hien Ong, Angela M Schechinger, Cassandra A Fjeld, Catherine R Leblond, Mackenzie K Keown, Sierra D Palmer, Danielle M Burgenske, Brett L Carlson, Lauren L Ott, Brian C Samuels, Michael F Romero, Jann N Sarkaria, Felicia Duke Boynton, Gavin W Roddy","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002352","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation exposure to the eye during cancer treatment can lead to ocular radiation injury (ORI), a devastating condition that can have a profound and permanent impact on vision-related quality of life. Rodent models do not have adequate ocular anatomy to accurately simulate human ORI, and modeling in non-human primates is limited by logistical and ethical concerns. To improve future translational research investigating ways to treat or prevent ORI, we developed protocols for a tree shrew model of ORI. Northern tree shrews (<i>Tupaia belangeri</i>) were obtained by our laboratory. Custom housing and handling methods were developed, including custom body suits to maintain the tree shrew's body temperature during procedures. Radiation delivery was optimized to accurately deliver radiation, and imaging was performed to observe fundus changes from ORI. Optimization of tree shrew handling, housing, anesthesia approaches, radiation delivery, and clinically-relevant ocular imaging permitted successful induction and assessment of ORI in tree shrews. With these protocols, tree shrews can be used as a highly relevant model organism with key anatomic features similar to humans to study ORI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cancer vaccines: advances, hurdles, and future directions. 癌症疫苗:进展、障碍和未来方向。
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy Pub Date : 2025-11-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2025.1002350
Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
{"title":"Cancer vaccines: advances, hurdles, and future directions.","authors":"Panagiotis J Vlachostergios","doi":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002350","DOIUrl":"10.37349/etat.2025.1002350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic cancer vaccines harness the adaptive immune system to eradicate malignancies by targeting tumor-specific antigens. This review charts the evolution of cancer vaccine platforms-from shared tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to next-generation neoantigen-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines-highlighting advances in vaccine delivery, antigen discovery, computational prediction, and translational efficacy. We explore cutting-edge clinical data, including long-lived T-cell memory and promising outcomes in various cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), melanoma, head and neck cancers, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and others. We address critical challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, manufacturing scalability, biomarker development, and regulatory frameworks, and propose an integrated translational ecosystem to accelerate the adoption of personalized cancer vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":73002,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy","volume":"6 ","pages":"1002350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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