Advances in applied microbiology最新文献_第6页

Promoters and introns as key drivers for enhanced gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 启动子和内含子是酿酒酵母基因表达增强的关键驱动因素。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.002

Marthinus Wessel Myburgh, Kirstie Susan Schwerdtfeger, Rosemary Anne Cripwell, Willem Heber van Zyl, Marinda Viljoen-Bloom

{"title":"Promoters and introns as key drivers for enhanced gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Marthinus Wessel Myburgh, Kirstie Susan Schwerdtfeger, Rosemary Anne Cripwell, Willem Heber van Zyl, Marinda Viljoen-Bloom","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"The transcription of genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is governed by multiple layers of regulatory elements and proteins, cooperating to ensure optimum expression of the final protein product based on the cellular requirements. Promoters have always been regarded as the most important determinant of gene transcription, but introns also play a key role in the expression of intron-encoding genes. Some introns can enhance transcription when introduced either promoter-proximal or embedded in the open reading frame of genes. However, the outcome is seldom predictable, with some introns increasing or decreasing transcription depending on the promoter and reporter gene employed. This chapter provides an overview of the general structure and function of promoters and introns and how they may cooperate during transcription to allow intron-mediated enhancement of gene expression. Since S. cerevisiae is a suitable host for recombinant protein production on a commercial level, stronger and more controllable promoters are in high demand. Enhanced gene expression can be achieved via promoter engineering, which may include introns that increase the efficacy of recombinant expression cassettes. Different models for the role of introns in transcription are briefly discussed to show how these intervening sequences can actively interact with the transcription machinery. Furthermore, recent examples of improved protein production via the introduction of promoter-proximal introns are highlighted to showcase the potential value of intron-mediated enhancement of gene expression.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"124 ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10034056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

BioMateriOME: to understand microbe-material interactions within sustainable, living architectures. BioMateriOME:在可持续的、有生命的建筑中理解微生物与物质的相互作用。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.001

Beatriz Delgado Corrales, Romy Kaiser, Paula Nerlich, Armand Agraviador, Angela Sherry

{"title":"BioMateriOME: to understand microbe-material interactions within sustainable, living architectures.","authors":"Beatriz Delgado Corrales, Romy Kaiser, Paula Nerlich, Armand Agraviador, Angela Sherry","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"BioMateriOME evolved from a prototyping process which was informed from discussions between a team of designers, architects and microbiologists, when considering constructing with biomaterials or human cohabitation with novel living materials in the built environment. The prototype has two elements (i) BioMateriOME-Public (BMP), an interactive public materials library, and (ii) BioMateriOME-eXperimental (BMX), a replicated materials library for rigorous microbiome experimentation. The prototype was installed into the OME, a unique experimental living house, in order to (1) gain insights into society's perceptions of living materials, and (2) perform a comparative analysis of indoor surface microbiome development on novel biomaterials in contrast to conventional indoor surfaces, respectively. This review summarizes the BioMateriOME prototype and its use as a tool in combining microbiology, design, architecture and social science. The use of microbiology and biological components in the fabrication of biomaterials is provided, together with an appreciation of the microbial communities common to conventional indoor surfaces, and how these communities may change in response to the implementation of living materials in our homes. Societal perceptions of microbiomes and biomaterials, are considered within the framework of healthy architecture. Finally, features of architectural design with microbes in mind are introduced, with the possibility of codifying microbial surveillance into design and construction benchmarks, standards and regulations toward healthier buildings and their occupants.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"122 ","pages":"77-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fundamentals of utilizing microbes in advanced cancer therapeutics: current understanding and potential applications. 在晚期癌症治疗中利用微生物的基本原理:目前的理解和潜在的应用。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.03.001

Tashmeen Kaur, Deepika Sharma

{"title":"Fundamentals of utilizing microbes in advanced cancer therapeutics: current understanding and potential applications.","authors":"Tashmeen Kaur, Deepika Sharma","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest health related issues in the twenty-first century is cancer. The current therapeutic platforms have not advanced enough to keep up with the number of rising cases. The traditional therapeutic approaches frequently fail to produce the desired outcomes. Therefore, developing new and more potent remedies is crucial. Recently, investigating microorganisms as potential anti-cancer treatments have garnered a lot of attention. Tumor-targeting microorganisms are more versatile at inhibiting cancer than the majority of standard therapies. Bacteria preferentially gather and thrive inside tumors, where they can trigger anti-cancer immune responses. They can be further trained to generate and distribute anticancer drugs based on clinical requirements using straightforward genetic engineering approaches. To improve clinical outcomes, therapeutic strategies utilizing live tumor-targeting bacteria can be used either alone or in combination with existing anticancer treatments. On the other hand, oncolytic viruses that target cancer cells, gene therapy via viral vectors, and viral immunotherapy are other popular areas of biotechnological investigation. Therefore, viruses serve as a unique candidate for anti-tumor therapy. This chapter describes the role of microbes, primarily bacteria and viruses in anti-cancer therapeutics. The various approaches to utilizing microbes in cancer therapy are discussed and examples of microorganisms that are now in use or that are undergoing experimental research are briefly discussed. We further point out the hurdles and the prospects of microbes-based remedies for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"123 ","pages":"91-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manipulation of fungal cell wall integrity to improve production of fungal natural products. 操纵真菌细胞壁的完整性以提高真菌天然产品的产量。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005

Huiling Liu, Zhengshan Luo, Yijian Rao

{"title":"Manipulation of fungal cell wall integrity to improve production of fungal natural products.","authors":"Huiling Liu, Zhengshan Luo, Yijian Rao","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi, as an important industrial microorganism, play an essential role in the production of natural products (NPs) due to their advantages of utilizing cheap raw materials as substrates and strong protein secretion ability. Although many metabolic engineering strategies have been adopted to enhance the biosynthetic pathway of NPs in fungi, the fungal cell wall as a natural barrier tissue is the final and key step that affects the efficiency of NPs synthesis. To date, many important progresses have been achieved in improving the synthesis of NPs by regulating the cell wall structure of fungi. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss various strategies for modifying the cell wall structure of fungi to improve the synthesis of NPs. At first, the cell wall structure of different types of fungi is systematically described. Then, strategies to disrupt cell wall integrity (CWI) by regulating the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and binding proteins are summarized, which have been applied to improve the synthesis of NPs. In addition, we also summarize the studies on the regulation of CWI-related signaling pathway and the addition of exogenous components for regulating CWI to improve the synthesis of NPs. Finally, we propose the current challenges and essential strategies to usher in an era of more extensive manipulation of fungal CWI to improve the production of fungal NPs.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"125 ","pages":"49-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial mercury transformations: Molecules, functions and organisms. 微生物汞转化:分子、功能和有机体。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.03.001

Ri-Qing Yu,Tamar Barkay

引用次数: 6

Microbial community signatures for estimation of postmortem time intervals. 用于估计死后时间间隔的微生物群落特征。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.002

Hirak Ranjan Dash,Surajit Das

{"title":"Microbial community signatures for estimation of postmortem time intervals.","authors":"Hirak Ranjan Dash,Surajit Das","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The human body provides a complex ecosystem for symbiotic habitation of a huge number of microorganisms. These commensal microorganisms provide a huge benefit to the living host by acting against many deadly infections. Once the host dies, many changes in the complex ecosystem of the human body take place. The personalized microbes of a human body undergo successional change as many exogenous microbes attack the nutrient-rich cadaver after death. The succession pattern change of microbes in human cadaver allows postulating different models for estimation of Postmortem time interval (PMI). Estimation of PMI has a broad prospect from the criminal investigation point of view. Though many techniques are being used nowadays to estimate PMI, all of them have their pros and cons. With the advent of advanced molecular biological techniques, studies on the thanatomicrobiome of a human cadaver have gained pace and provide a superior alternative for conventional methods of PMI estimation. This chapter summarizes the recent advancements in the changes in signature microflora postmortem with change in human microenvironment to postulate a consensus model for estimation of PMI.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"7 6","pages":"91-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

CRISPR/Cas genome editing systems in thermophiles: Current status, associated challenges, and future perspectives. 嗜热菌CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑系统:现状、相关挑战和未来展望

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.001

Yilin Le,Jianzhong Sun

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas genome editing systems in thermophiles: Current status, associated challenges, and future perspectives.","authors":"Yilin Le,Jianzhong Sun","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Thermophiles, offering an attractive and unique platform for a broad range of applications in biofuels and environment protections, have received a significant attention and growing interest from academy and industry. However, the exploration and exploitation of thermophilic organisms have been hampered by the lack of a powerful genome manipulation tool to improve production efficiency. At current, the clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) system has been successfully exploited as a competent, simplistic, and powerful tool for genome engineering both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Indeed, with the significant efforts made in recent years, some thermostable Cas9 proteins have been well identified and characterized and further, some thermostable Cas9-based editing tools have been successfully established in some representative obligate thermophiles. In this regard, we reviewed the current status and its progress in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing system towards a variety of thermophilic organisms. Despite the potentials of these progresses, multiple factors/barriers still have to be overcome and optimized for improving its editing efficiency in thermophiles. Some insights into the roles of thermostable CRISPR/Cas technologies for the metabolic engineering of thermophiles as a thermophilic microbial cell factory were also fully analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"36 7","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Advances in microbial synthesis of bioplastic monomers. 微生物合成生物塑料单体的研究进展。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.05.002

Jie Liu, Jianmin Liu, Liang Guo, Jia Liu, Xiulai Chen, Liming Liu, Cong Gao

引用次数: 0

Gain-of-function research. 功能的研究。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.06.002

K P Saalbach

{"title":"Gain-of-function research.","authors":"K P Saalbach","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"The term Gain-of-Function (GoF) describes the gain of new functions by organisms through genetic changes, which can naturally occur or by experimental genetic modifications. Gain-of-Function research on viruses is enhancing transmissibility, virus replication, virulence, host range, immune evasion or drug and vaccine resistance to get insights into the viral mechanisms, to create and analyze animal models, to accelerate drug and vaccine development and to improve pandemic preparedness. A subset is the GoF research of concern (GOFROC) on enhanced potentially pandemic pathogens (ePPPs) that could be harmful for humans. A related issue is the military use of research as dual-use research of concern (DURC). Influenza and coronaviruses are main research targets, because they cause pandemics by airborne infections. Two studies on avian influenza viruses initiated a global debate and a temporary GoF pause in the United States which ended with a new regulatory framework in 2017. In the European Union and China, GoF and DURC are mainly covered by the legislation for laboratory safety and genetically modified organisms. After the coronavirus outbreaks, the GoF research made significant advances, including analyses of modified MERS-like and SARS-like viruses and the creation of synthetic SARS-CoV-2 viruses as a platform to generate mutations. The GoF research on viruses will still play an important role in future, but the need to clarify the differences and overlaps between GoF research, GOFROC and DURC and the need for specialized oversight authorities are still debated.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"120 ","pages":"79-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Role of psychrotrophic bacteria and cold-active enzymes in composting methods adopted in cold regions. 冷养细菌和冷活性酶在寒冷地区堆肥方法中的作用。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.08.001

Vivek Manyapu, Ayush Lepcha, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma, Rakshak Kumar

引用次数: 0