Advances in applied microbiology最新文献_第10页

Azotobacters as biofertilizer. 作为生物肥料的固氮细菌。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.001

Hirendra Kumar Das

{"title":"Azotobacters as biofertilizer.","authors":"Hirendra Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"Azotobacters have been used as biofertilizer since more than a century. Azotobacters fix nitrogen aerobically, elaborate plant hormones, solubilize phosphates and also suppress phytopathogens or reduce their deleterious effect. Application of wild type Azotobacters results in better yield of cereals like corn, wheat, oat, barley, rice, pearl millet and sorghum, of oil seeds like mustard and sunflower, of vegetable crops like tomato, eggplant, carrot, chillies, onion, potato, beans and sugar beet, of fruits like mango and sugar cane, of fiber crops like jute and cotton and of tree like oak. In addition to the structural genes of the enzyme nitrogenase and of other accessory proteins, A. vinelandii chromosomes contain the regulatory genes nifL and nifA. NifA must bind upstream of the promoters of all nif operons for enabling their expression. NifL on activation by oxygen or ammonium, interacts with NifA and neutralizes it. Nitrogen fixation has been enhanced by deletion of nifL and by bringing nifA under the control of a constitutive promoter, resulting in a strain that continues to fix nitrogen in presence of urea fertilizer. Additional copies of nifH (the gene for the Fe-protein of nitrogenase) have been introduced into A. vinelandii, thereby augmenting nitrogen fixation. The urease gene complex ureABC has been deleted, the ammonia transport gene amtB has been disrupted and the expression of the glutamine synthase gene has been regulated to enhance urea and ammonia excretion. Gluconic acid has been produced by introducing the glucose dehydrogenase gene, resulting in enhanced solubilization of phosphate.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"7 8","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

The role of microorganisms in soy sauce production. 微生物在酱油生产中的作用。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.002

Desmond K O'toole

{"title":"The role of microorganisms in soy sauce production.","authors":"Desmond K O'toole","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Soy sauce is a salty condiment commonly used in Eastern Asia that is made from soy beans with varying amounts of wheat or no wheat at all. It is known as shoyu in Japan, chiang-yu (or -yi) in China, kecup in Indonesia, kunjang in Korea, toyo in The Philippines, and see-ieu in Thailand (Beuchat, 1985; Djien, 1982; Fukushima, 1989). It provides flavor in an otherwise bland diet, and nutritionally it provides salt (NaCl) and predigested proteins in a diet that is traditionally protein poor. It has been made for centuries on a small scale in many towns and villages in Asia, but since 1950, particularly in Japan, the manufacturing process has been studied and modernized so that its manufacture is now concentrated in large factories using modern, controlled methods of production (Sasaki & Nunomura, 1993). In Japan, soy sauce fermentation is a major food manufacturing activity. More than 1.1 million kiloliters of soy sauce was produced in 1986 by 3000 producers, and the Kikkoman Company supplied 30% of the market (Fukushima, 1989). By 1990 there were 2871 manufacturers, 5 of which produced about 50% of the total production (Sasaki & Nunomura, 1993). While modern methods are used for most of the soy sauce produced in Japan, and factory production in other Asian countries is growing, soy sauce is still produced by methods involving no modern technological inputs (Röling, Prasetyo, Timotius, Stouthamer, & van Verseveld, 1994).","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"32 11","pages":"45-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Application of model systems to study adaptive responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection and disease. 应用模型系统研究结核分枝杆菌在感染和发病期间的适应性反应。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.08.001

Bhavna Gowan Gordhan,Julian Peters,Bavesh Davandra Kana

{"title":"Application of model systems to study adaptive responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection and disease.","authors":"Bhavna Gowan Gordhan,Julian Peters,Bavesh Davandra Kana","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) claims more human lives than any other infectious organism. The lethal synergy between TB-HIV infection and the rapid emergence of drug resistant strains has created a global public health threat that requires urgent attention. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB is an exquisitely well-adapted human pathogen, displaying the ability to promptly remodel metabolism when encountering stressful environments during pathogenesis. A careful study of the mechanisms that enable this adaptation will enhance the understanding of key aspects related to the microbiology of TB disease. However, these efforts require microbiological model systems that mimic host conditions in the laboratory. Herein, we describe several in vitro model systems that generate non-replicating and differentially culturable mycobacteria. The changes that occur in the metabolism of M. tuberculosis in some of these models and how these relate to those reported for human TB disease are discussed. We describe mechanisms that tubercle bacteria use to resuscitate from these non-replicating conditions, together with phenotypic heterogeneity in terms of culturabiliy of M. tuberculosis in sputum. Transcriptional changes in M. tuberculosis that allow for adaptation of the organism to the lung environment are also summarized. Finally, given the emerging importance of the microbiome in various infectious diseases, we provide a description of how the lung and gut microbiome affect susceptibility to TB infection and response to treatment. Consideration of these collective aspects will enhance the understanding of basic metabolism, physiology, drug tolerance and persistence in M. tuberculosis to enable development of new therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":"115-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bacterial spores, from ecology to biotechnology. 细菌孢子，从生态学到生物技术。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.10.002

Christophe Paul, Sevasti Filippidou, Isha Jamil, Wafa Kooli, Geoffrey L House, Aislinn Estoppey, Mathilda Hayoz, Thomas Junier, Fabio Palmieri, Tina Wunderlin, Anael Lehmann, Saskia Bindschedler, Torsten Vennemann, Patrick S G Chain, Pilar Junier

引用次数: 28

Oxalic acid, a molecule at the crossroads of bacterial-fungal interactions. 草酸，一种处于细菌-真菌相互作用十字路口的分子。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.10.001

Fabio Palmieri, Aislinn Estoppey, Geoffrey L House, Andrea Lohberger, Saskia Bindschedler, Patrick S G Chain, Pilar Junier

引用次数: 56

Copyright 版权

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(19)30031-0

引用次数: 0

Mucoid switch in Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: Triggers, molecular mechanisms and implications in pathogenesis. 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合菌的粘液开关:触发、分子机制和发病机制。

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.03.001

Mirela R Ferreira, Sara C Gomes, Leonilde M Moreira

{"title":"Mucoid switch in Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: Triggers, molecular mechanisms and implications in pathogenesis.","authors":"Mirela R Ferreira, Sara C Gomes, Leonilde M Moreira","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria produce a vast range of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) to thrive in diverse environmental niches and often display a mucoid phenotype in solid media. One such exopolysaccharide, cepacian, is produced by bacteria of the genus Burkholderia and is of interest due to its role in pathogenesis associated with lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Cepacian is a repeat-unit polymer that has been implicated in biofilm formation, immune system evasion, interaction with host cells, resistance against antimicrobials, and virulence. Its biosynthesis proceeds through the Wzy-dependent polymerization and secretion mechanism, which requires a multienzymatic complex. Key aspects of its structure, genetic organization, and the regulatory network involved in mucoid switch and regulation of cepacian biosynthesis at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels are reviewed. It is also evaluated the importance of cepacian biosynthesis/regulation key players as evolutionary targets of selection and highlighted the complexity of the regulatory network, which allows cells to coordinate the expression of metabolic functions to the ones of the cell wall, in order to be successful in ever changing environments, including in the interaction with host cells.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"107 ","pages":"113-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37273343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Role and regulation of the stress activated sigma factor sigma B (σ^B) in the saprophytic and host-associated life stages of Listeria monocytogenes. 应激激活因子σB (σB)在单核增生李斯特菌腐生和寄主相关生命阶段的作用与调控

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.11.001

Amber Dorey, Catarina Marinho, Pascal Piveteau, Conor O'Byrne

{"title":"Role and regulation of the stress activated sigma factor sigma B (σB) in the saprophytic and host-associated life stages of Listeria monocytogenes.","authors":"Amber Dorey, Catarina Marinho, Pascal Piveteau, Conor O'Byrne","doi":"10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The stress activated sigma factor sigma B (σB) plays a pivotal role in allowing the food-borne bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to modulate its transcriptional landscape in order to survive in a variety of harsh environments both outside and within the host. While we have a comparatively good understanding of the systems under the control of this sigma factor much less is known about how the activity of σB is controlled. In this review, we present a current model describing how this sigma factor is thought to be controlled including an overview of what is known about stress sensing and the early signal transduction events that trigger its activation. We discuss the known regulatory overlaps between σB and other protein and RNA regulators in the cell. Finally, we describe the role of σB in surviving both saprophytic and host-associated stresses. The complexity of the regulation of this sigma factor reflects the significant role that it plays in the persistence of this important pathogen in the natural environment, the food chain as well as within the host during the early stages of an infection. Understanding its regulation will be a critical step in helping to develop rational strategies to prevent its growth and survival in the food destined for human consumption and in the prevention of listeriosis.","PeriodicalId":7298,"journal":{"name":"Advances in applied microbiology","volume":"106 ","pages":"1-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37168593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Contributors 贡献者

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(19)30008-5

引用次数: 0

Contributors 贡献者

2区生物学

Advances in applied microbiology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(19)30046-2

引用次数: 0