Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Incidence, Hospitalization, Mortality and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Residential Homes for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness.","authors":"Alberto Arnedo-Pena, María Angeles Romeu-Garcia, Juan Carlos Gasco-Laborda, Noemi Meseguer-Ferrer, Lourdes Safont-Adsuara, Francisco Guillen-Grima, María Dolores Tirado-Balaguer, Susana Sabater-Vidal, María Gil-Fortuño, Oscar Pérez-Olaso, Noelia Hernández-Pérez, Rosario Moreno-Muñoz, Juan Bellido-Blasco","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term care residential homes (LTCRH) for patients with chronic mental illness have suffered the enormous impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate incidence, hospitalization, mortality, and risk factors of COVID-19 to prevent future epidemics. From March 2020 to January 2021 and before vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 begins, cumulate incidence rate (CIR), hospitalization rate (HR), mortality rate (MR), and risk factors of COVID-19 in the 11 LTCRH of two Health Departments of Castellon (Spain) were studied by epidemiological surveillance and an ecological design. Laboratory tests confirmed COVID-19 cases, and multilevel Poisson regression models were employed. All LTCRH participated and comprised 346 residents and 482 staff. Residents had a mean age of 47 years, 40% women, and suffered 75 cases of COVID-19 (CIR = 21.7%), five hospitalizations (HR = 1.4%), and two deaths (MR = 0.6%) with 2.5% fatality-case. Staff suffered 74 cases of the disease (CIR = 15.4%), one hospitalization (HR = 0.2%), and no deaths were reported. Risk factors associated with COVID-19 incidence in residents were private ownership, severe disability, residents be younger, CIR in municipalities where LTCRH was located, CIR in staff, and older age of the facilities. Conclusion: COVID-19 incidence could be prevented by improving infection control in residents and staff and modernizing facilities with increased public ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"391-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10690448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Care Home Size Association with COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in Catalonia in March and April 2020.","authors":"Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, François Béland, Manuel Rico, Fernando J García López","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aim to assess how COVID-19 infection and mortality varied according to facility size in 965 long-term care homes (LTCHs) in Catalonia during March and April 2020. We measured LTCH size by the number of authorised beds. Outcomes were COVID-19 infection (at least one COVID-19 case in an LTCH) and COVID-19 mortality. Risks of these were estimated with logistic regression and hurdle models. Models were adjusted for county COVID-19 incidence and population, and LTCH types. Sixty-five per cent of the LTCHs were infected by COVID-19. We found a strong association between COVID-19 infection and LTCH size in the adjusted analysis (from 45% in 10-bed homes to 97.5% in those with over 150 places). The average COVID-19 mortality in all LTCHs was 6.8% (3887 deaths) and 9.2% among the COVID-19-infected LTCHs. Very small and large homes had higher COVID-19 mortality, whereas LTCHs with 30 to 70 places had the lowest level. COVID-19 mortality sharply increased with LTCH size in counties with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 which was higher than 250/100,000, except for very small homes, but slightly decreased with LTCH size when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was lower. To prevent infection and preserve life, the optimal size of an LTCH should be between 30 and 70 places.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"369-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Differences between Sexes in Surgically Treated Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve Entrapment.","authors":"Malin Zimmerman,&nbsp;Ilka Anker,&nbsp;Erika Nyman","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3030027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate socioeconomic differences between sexes and the influence on outcome following surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) at the elbow. Patients with CTS (<i>n</i> = 9000) or UNE (<i>n</i> = 1266) registered in the Swedish National Register for Hand Surgery (HAKIR) 2010-2016 were included and evaluated using QuickDASH 12 months postoperatively. Statistics Sweden (SCB) provided socioeconomic data. In women with CTS, being born outside Sweden, having received social assistance, and more sick leave days predicted worse outcomes. Higher earnings and the highest level of education predicted better outcomes. In men with CTS, more sick leave days and having received social assistance predicted worse outcomes. Higher earnings predicted better outcomes. For women with UNE, higher earnings predicted better outcomes. In men with UNE, only sick leave days predicted worse outcomes. In long-term follow up, socioeconomic status affects outcomes differently in women and men with CTS or UNE.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10690446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence in the Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Community in Chicago: A Changing Landscape.","authors":"Kathryn Wenham,&nbsp;Bernadette Sebar,&nbsp;Patricia Lee,&nbsp;Neil Harris,&nbsp;Gabrielle Campbell","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenges of conducting research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in immigrant communities means little is known about the occurrence of various forms of IPV, making it difficult to address in these populations. This research draws on data gathered in Chicago's large and varied African immigrant communities. This research used a mixed methods approach: collection of quantitative survey data on occurrence, followed by qualitative interviews to explain the results. Missing quantitative data and contradicting qualitative responses made it difficult to draw definite conclusions on physical IPV; however, verbal abuse and controlling behaviours appear to be relatively widespread and normalised, and not always viewed as violence. Particularly with the probability of future pandemics and natural disasters, which are known to increase prevalence, it is important to raise awareness of less visible controlling behaviours and verbal abuse as forms of violence, and to implement appropriate prevention programs to minimise a concomitant rise in IPV within African immigrant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"337-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Long-Term Care Home Ownership and Administration Type on All-Cause Mortality from March to April 2020 in Madrid, Spain.","authors":"Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, Manuel Rico, François Béland, Fernando J García-López","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim is to assess whether long-term care home (LTCH) ownership and administration type were associated with all-cause mortality in 470 LTCHs in the Community of Madrid (Spain) during March and April 2020, the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are eight categories of LTCH type, including various combinations of ownership type (for-profit, nonprofit, and public) and administration type (completely private, private with places rented by the public sector, administrative management by procurement, and completely public). Multilevel regression was used to examine the association between mortality and LTCH type, adjusting for LTCH size, the spread of the COVID-19 infection, and the referral hospital. There were 9468 deaths, a mortality rate of 18.3%. Public and private LTCHs had lower mortality than LTCHs under public-private partnership (PPP) agreements. In the fully adjusted model, mortality was 7.4% (95% CI, 3.1-11.7%) in totally public LTCHs compared with 21.9% (95% CI, 17.4-26.4%) in LTCHs which were publicly owned with administrative management by procurement. These results are a testimony to the fatal consequences that pre-pandemic public-private partnerships in long-term residential care led to during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid, Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"323-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliographic Analysis of Primary Studies on Physical Activity and COVID-19 during 2020-2021.","authors":"Melissa Ciuldim,&nbsp;Rozangela Verlengia,&nbsp;Alex Harley Crisp","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3030024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical distancing and restrictions have been implemented to reduce the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In contrast, the impact of the pandemic on levels of physical activity has been the subject of studies worldwide. Since the first reported case in December 2019, the number of scientific studies on COVID-19 has grown in a way that has never been seen before. The current study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic. The search was carried out using the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Our analysis identified a total of 2023 published documents from 10,199 authors, with an annual growth rate of 330% between 2020 and 2021. Open-access scientific journals were the main sources of publication, and the level of collaboration among the most influential researchers contributed to productivity. A co-occurrence analysis of the authors' keywords indicated a high prevalence of themes related to mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, and quality of life. In conclusion, the bibliometric analysis revealed a high volume of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic, and mental health was a much discussed topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the COVID-19 Pandemic Alters the Landscapes of the HIV and Tuberculosis Epidemics in South Africa: A Case Study and Future Directions.","authors":"Daniel Eike,&nbsp;Maximilia Hogrebe,&nbsp;Dagem Kifle,&nbsp;Miriam Tregilgas,&nbsp;Anshu Uppal,&nbsp;Alexandra Calmy","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>South Africa has long grappled with one of the highest HIV and tuberculosis (TB) burdens in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges to the country's already strained health system. Measures to contain COVID-19 virus may have further hampered the containment of HIV and TB in the country and further widened the socioeconomic gap. South Africa's handling of the pandemic has led to disruptions to HIV/TB testing and treatment. It has, furthermore, influenced social risk factors associated with increased transmission of these diseases. Individuals living with HIV and/or TB also face higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. In this case study, we contextualize the HIV/TB landscape in South Africa and analyze the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country's efforts to combat these ongoing epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"297-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Internet Hospital Development in China.","authors":"Yushan Li,&nbsp;Huimin Hu,&nbsp;Liudmila Rozanova,&nbsp;Guilhem Fabre","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2018, the access policy for Internet hospitals has been issued in China. So far, thousands of Internet hospitals have been approved to operate and have played a significant role during the COVID-19 pandemic. While front-line hospitals strive to treat patients, Internet hospitals take the responsibility to guide patients to seek appropriate medical treatment and meet the urgent needs of chronic patients through online medical follow-up, payment, and drug distribution. This paper is based on Internet medical policies and interviews with doctors working with Internet hospitals, aiming to study the development of Internet hospitals in China through the management of the COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese healthcare strategy on the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"269-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Strategic Priorities of the Swiss Decentralized Healthcare System: A COVID-19 Case Study.","authors":"Miriam Mi-Rim Lee Burger,&nbsp;Kaitlin Elizabeth Large,&nbsp;Yiqi Liu,&nbsp;Melissa Cigdem Coyle,&nbsp;Cherish Tariro Gamanya,&nbsp;Jean-François Etter","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a multitude of vulnerabilities in Switzerland's decentralized healthcare system and highlighted the urgent need to strengthen Switzerland's capacity to respond to health crises and disease outbreaks. In this article, we draw on three distinct areas of analysis of the current functioning of the Swiss healthcare system to examine its strengths and weaknesses, which can serve as a basis for future considerations and strategic priorities. First, we analyze the different levels of nine non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), as defined by the ETH KOF Stringency Index and implemented in the Swiss cantons of Zurich, Vaud, and Ticino, compared with the rate of positive COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. We find that there was no strong correlation between the severity of the nine non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented and lower rates of positive COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Second, we examine the challenges of Switzerland's decentralized healthcare system through a literature review and with empirical data obtained from semi-structured interviews with health professionals in Switzerland. We conclude our analysis with the role of central authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that during a national emergency in Switzerland, taking into account other factors that influence the success of a pandemic strategy, there is an opportunity for a more unified, centralized response to reduce the social and economic toll of the pandemic without necessarily risking greater health damage. We recommend that the Swiss federal government use a combination of decentralized and centralized public health and policy approaches and promote greater private-public collaboration with direct communication channels among policymakers, public health stakeholders, and the public to improve pandemic preparedness and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"250-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarity Index-Probabilistic Confidence Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Strain Relatedness in Localized Outbreaks.","authors":"Mahmood Y Bilal","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to expanding small-scale localized infection subclusters that eventually propagate into regional and global outspread. These infections are driven by spatial as well as temporal mutational dynamics wherein virions diverge genetically as transmission occurs. Mutational similarity or dissimilarity of viral strains, stemming from shared spatiotemporal fields, thence serves as a gauge of relatedness. In our clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiological analyses of strain association are performed qualitatively from genomic sequencing data. These methods however carry a degree of uncertainty when the samples are not qualitatively, with reasonable confidence, deemed identical or dissimilar. We propose a theoretical mathematical model for probability derivation of outbreak-sample similarity as a function of spatial dynamics, shared and different mutations, and total number of samples involved. This Similarity Index utilizes an Essen-Möller ratio of similar and dissimilar mutations between the strains in question. The indices are compared to each strain within an outbreak, and then the final Similarity Index of the outbreak group is calculated to determine quantitative confidence of group relatedness. We anticipate that this model will be useful in evaluating strain associations in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral outbreaks utilizing molecular data.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"238-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}