Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic Determinants of Knowledge and Risk Perception Regarding Community Fluoridation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iași, Romania.","authors":"Catalina Iulia Saveanu, Hociung Roxana, Bogdan Ioan Condrea, Daniela Anistoroaei, Alexandra Ecaterina Saveanu, Maria Sophia Saveanu, Loredana Golovcencu","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives:</b> Community fluoridation is an effective public health measure for dental caries prevention; however, knowledge and risk perception vary. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic determinants related to community fluoridation. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted in May-June 2023 among 200 adults from Iași, Romania, using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square tests were applied. <b>Results:</b> Most respondents were familiar with fluoride (94%) and its protective role (91%), but fewer knew fluoridation methods (34%) or dental fluorosis (53%). Educational level was associated with awareness of water fluoridation (χ² = 32.219, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and gender with safety perceptions (χ² = 6.031, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Perceived toxicity was strongly associated with fluoridation safety attitudes (χ² = 29.116, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although general awareness is high, understanding remains limited. Sociodemographic factors influence knowledge and risk perception, highlighting the need for targeted communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Needle: Knowledge of Blood-Borne Infection Transmission and Prevention Among Dental Students-A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Saveanu Catalina-Iulia, Dumitriu Diana, Condrea Bogdan Ioan, Saveanu Alexandra Ecaterina, Anistoroaei Daniela, Toma Vasilica, Fatu Ana-Maria","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Aim: Dental practice involves continuous exposure to saliva and blood, creating persistent opportunities for cross-infection if contaminated instruments are not processed correctly. This study aimed to evaluate dental students' knowledge regarding blood-borne infections and infection prevention measures, and to compare knowledge levels according to academic year and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A structured questionnaire consisting of 21 single-best-answer questions was administered to 93 undergraduate dental students (Years I-VI) from the Faculty of Dental Medicine, \"Gr. T. Popa\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge related to instrument classification, cleaning and disinfection procedures, sterilization parameters, autoclave monitoring tests, and storage conditions. Demographic data were also collected. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 31, and associations between responses and demographic variables were assessed using chi-square tests. Associations between responses and demographic variables (academic year and sex) were evaluated using chi-square tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants correctly identified several key steps in the instrument processing circuit, including the use of high-level disinfectant-detergent solutions (88.2%) and the need for disinfection followed by sterilization (76.3%). However, important knowledge gaps were identified regarding autoclave pre-use checks, correct sterilization temperatures and exposure times, recommended sterile storage periods, and the interpretation of sterilization monitoring tools such as type 5 chemical integrators, Bowie-Dick tests, and Helix tests. Knowledge levels differed significantly according to academic year (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although overall awareness of instrument processing procedures among dental students was generally satisfactory, several inconsistencies were observed in critical technical aspects of sterilization and monitoring. These findings highlight the need for strengthened infection control education and repeated practical training to reduce the risk of cross-infection in dental practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and Social Vulnerability in an Endemic Area of Northeastern Brazil: A Time Series Analysis.","authors":"Karen Brayner Andrade Pimentel, Romário de Sousa Oliveira, Laércio Viana Oliveira, Carine Fortes Aragão, Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in Brazil, especially in the Northeast, where transmission persists in various vulnerable settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess temporal trends in the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, with emphasis on social vulnerability and regional heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ecological, population-based study using confirmed cases of human visceral leishmaniasis reported in Maranhão from 2007 to 2024. Case data were obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System, and population denominators were derived from national census counts and annual population estimates. Temporal trends in incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models, stratified by sex, age group, Social Vulnerability Index, and Health Regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7830 new cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were reported during the study period. Incidence showed a significant upward trend from 2007 to 2017, followed by a marked decline from 2018 to 2024. A heterogeneous pattern was observed in the average incidence rate of human visceral leishmaniasis across municipalities' vulnerability categories, as measured by each subindex of the Social Vulnerability Index. Substantial regional heterogeneity was identified, with marked reductions in incidence in the Health Regions of Caxias, Timon, Barra do Corda, and Codó, whereas Santa Inês and Viana showed increasing trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the decline in incidence, human visceral leishmaniasis remains unevenly distributed throughout Maranhão. These findings underscore the need for geographically targeted interventions and the expansion of public health strategies aimed at preventing and controlling the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Expectancy of Persons with Disability in Italy: Estimation Based on an Administrative Cohort from 1999 to 2012.","authors":"Aldo Rosano, Alessandro Solipaca, Luisa Frova, Gabriella Sebastiani, Paola Di Filippo, Stefano Marchetti, Lucilla Scarnicchia","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimates of life expectancy of people with disabilities are scarce and tend to focus on individuals with specific diseases. The health conditions of people with disabilities are often very poor, which is reflected in their significantly lower life expectancy compared to the rest of the population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to estimate the life expectancy of people with severe disabilities in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 1999-2000 Health Interview Survey, linked to the register of causes of death up to 2012, were utilized for the purpose of this study. Survival was analyzed using a Weibull regression model. Hazard ratios for subjects with and without disabilities were employed to estimate the mortality risk among subjects with disabilities compared to all surveyed subjects. These ratios were then employed to construct a life table for people with disabilities by multiplying the death probabilities of the general population by the ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The life expectancy at 15 years for people with disabilities was found to be 59.1 years for males and 66.2 years for females. The life expectancy (LE) gap between people with disabilities and the general population at 15 years was 6.6 years for men and 4.1 years for women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide reliable and robust information on the life expectancy gap between people with and without disabilities and can be used as a reference point when evaluating policies aimed at people with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Synthesis via Indirect Treatment Comparisons in the European Framework of Joint Clinical Assessment.","authors":"Alberto de la Cuadra-Grande, María Arruñada, Alejandro García-Solís, Ana Rossignoli-Montero, Miguel Ángel Casado","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of the Health Technology Assessment Regulation (HTAR) gives way to joint European work, such as the Joint Clinical Assessment (JCA). This requires the definition of a PICO (Population-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome) question representative of all the member states of the European Union. The key to answering the PICO will be the synthesis of evidence through direct comparisons when there are randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including the same comparators, and via indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) when comparators differ across RCTs. The aim of this report is to provide a synthesized and clear methodological framework to guide those stakeholders involved in JCAs when interpreting the results of ITCs, including descriptions on: (1) assumptions associated with ITCs; (2) how to select the method for ITC; (3) strengths and limitations associated with the methods; and (4) basics for understanding the method for ITC. This methodological framework could help those health care institutions, patient associations, consumer organizations, health-related nongovernmental organizations, health technology developers, and healthcare professionals involved in JCAs to better understand ITCs and incorporate this evidence into decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Ambulance Transport for Heat-Related Illness in Working Populations Under Climate Change and Evaluating Preventive Behaviors as Adaptation Policies in Japan.","authors":"Shintaro Yurugi, Hiroshi Nishiura","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Since June 2025, Japan has mandated countermeasures to prevent outdoor laborers from developing heat-related illness at work. However, the extent to which preventive behaviors can reduce the actual heatstroke risk has not been quantified. The present study aimed to (i) project future trends in the daily number of heat-related ambulance transports in the working population under climate change, and (ii) evaluate the population-level preventive impact of workplace-adopted preventive behaviors using effect estimates from observational data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature, a long-term future projection of heat-related ambulance transports was performed in the working population. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to infer the effect size of behavioral interventions. The effectiveness of taking preventive behaviors was evaluated by increasing the coverage rate of workers adhering to all four behaviors (current: 23%): (i) regular hydration, (ii) use of an air-cooling vest, (iii) checking their own health condition before work, and (iv) recognizing warning signs. Theoretical scenarios in which workplace instructions to workers or teams increased adherence by 50%, 100%, and 300% relative to baseline were considered, corresponding to coverage rates at 34%, 45%, and 91%, respectively, and we evaluated the associated reduction in heatstroke risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many future years were projected to have higher annual levels of heat-related ambulance transports than the median value from 2018-2024, indicating a long-term increasing trend. Even when all four possible countermeasures were implemented at an additional 50%, 100% or 300% from the current rate, the expected relative risk reduction in transports was 3.2%, 6.3%, and 19.0%, respectively, indicating only a small effect on future projected heat-related illnesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of heat-related ambulance transports is expected to increase; however, the relative risk reduction with behavioral intervention is likely limited. A fundamental overhaul of working regulations and environment (e.g., drastic shift in working hours to earlier morning) is required via adaptation policies, and mitigation of climate change is vital.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Fracture-Related Hospitalizations and Mortality in Brazil, 2015-2024.","authors":"Palloma Porto Almeida, Danielle Cabral Bonfim","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Bone fractures represent a growing public health concern worldwide, yet national epidemiological assessments remain limited in Brazil. Understanding temporal trends, demographic disparities, and geographic heterogeneity is essential to guide prevention, resource allocation, and trauma-care planning. To characterize the epidemiological profile of bone-fracture-related hospitalizations and mortality in Brazil between 2015 and 2024, analyzing trends by sex, age, fracture type, and geographic and ethnic distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An epidemiological, observational, descriptive, and population-based ecological study was conducted using Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System SIH/SUS and IBGE data. Hospitalization rates, case fatality rates (CFR), relative risks, odds ratios, and Years of Life Lost (YLL) were calculated. Temporal trends were evaluated using Annual Percent Change (APC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Other limb fractures were the most frequent injuries, while femur fractures showed the highest lethality. Men had nearly twice the hospitalization rate of women, driven by high-energy trauma in adults aged 20-59 years, whereas women experienced a sharp increase in femur-fracture admissions at older ages. Skull, facial, and thorax/pelvis fractures contributed disproportionately to premature mortality. Marked geographic and ethnic disparities were observed, with higher burdens in the North/Northeast and predominance among Brown and Indigenous populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fracture-related hospitalizations in Brazil have increased consistently, with distinct epidemiological patterns across demographic and regional groups. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and improved trauma-care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Increase in Both Waiting and Process Time in the Emergency Rooms of Abruzzo, Italy.","authors":"Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Camillo Odio, Giulia Chesini, Natalia Gregori, Sara Taormina, Enrico Zauli, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>A recent report by the Italian Ministry of Health showed that a high proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits exceed the maximum recommended thresholds for both waiting time and overall length of stay. As no overall quantitative data are available on the magnitude, temporal evolution, and underlying drivers of ED performance from Southern Italian regions, we analyzed ED data from the Abruzzo region during the years 2017-2024, and evaluated potential predictors of prolonged waiting and process time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Official, administrative data from all the regional EDs were collected, and information on personnel, location and organizational change was obtained through a dedicated survey. All analyses were stratified and/or adjusted by triage code, hospital, age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2017 to 2024, a total of 3,563,565 accesses were recorded in the 16 regional EDs. From 2021, waiting time for the first visit steadily and progressively increased, reaching an average of 78 min in 2024 (+56.0%), largely exceeding recommended thresholds. The most critical growth was observed for the most severe patients, as mean waiting time for yellow and red admissions peaked at 81 (+100%) and 39 (+290%) minutes (m) in 2024, respectively. The mean process time also substantially increased in post-pandemic years, especially for yellow (from 300 m to 476 m) and red codes (from 330 m to 607 m). The trend was similar for both genders, in all age-classes, and higher in larger hospitals. Multivariable analyses confirmed a significant increase in ED time over the years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate critical organizational and clinical issues in the regional emergency care system, requiring immediate action. The Regional Healthcare System recently tried to reduce ED overcrowding with specific plans, the impact of which requires urgent evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection in Veterinary Medicine Professionals and Students in Aguascalientes, Mexico.","authors":"Isabel de Velasco-Reyes, Saúl Emmanuel Torres-García, José de Jesús Hernández-Rangel, Adriana Cruz-Bañares, Juan Luis Chávez-Chávez, Carlos Cruz-Vázquez","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic zoonosis caused by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae), an obligate intracellular protozoan with an indirect life cycle in which domestic cats and wild felids serve as definitive hosts, whereas humans and a broad range of domestic and wild animals act as intermediate hosts. The objective of the study was to document the seroprevalence of anti-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antibodies in professionals and students of Veterinary Medicine in Aguascalientes, Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 153 clinically healthy individuals from two population segments: Veterinarians (70) and Veterinary Medicine Students (83). Serum samples were analyzed using a commercial ELISA test to determine the presence of <i>T. gondii</i>-specific IgG. A questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic information and information about contact with cats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> antibodies in the study population was 7.8% (12/153; CI 95% 4.3-13.6). In the group of Veterinarians, the seroprevalence was 11.4% (8/70; CI 95% 5.4-21.8), while in the group of students it was 4.8% (4/83; CI 95% 1.5-12.5), with no differences observed between them (<i>p</i> = 0.22). Association was found with those who consume raw/undercooked meat (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cross-sectional sample of veterinary professionals and students in Aguascalientes, anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG seroprevalence was 7.8%, with no statistically significant difference between occupational groups. Consumption of raw or undercooked meat was the only exposure significantly associated with seropositivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Known About Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lisa Rein, Christine Tørris, Ana Carla Soares Portugal Schippert, Malin Holmström Rising, Astrid Torbjørnsen, Tina Rich Mogensen, Ann Kristin Bjørnnes","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia7030059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adults with intellectual disability are known to experience complex health needs, including an elevated presence of chronic conditions. Cardiovascular risk factors are a concern, yet the evidence base is fragmented, and the scope and focus of current research are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review to map the existing evidence on cardiovascular risk factors among adults with intellectual disability. The review included studies reporting on risk factor prevalence as well as participant characteristics (ethnicity, living arrangements, age, sex, and type of disability). Cardiovascular-related outcomes were extracted to clarify the health disparities documented in this population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Searches of seven databases for studies published from 2013 onward yielded 15,598records, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence was dominated by cross-sectional studies, with a few randomized controlled trials. Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and obesity were commonly reported. Patterns appeared to reflect lifestyle, medication effects, genetic syndromes-particularly Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome-and the severity of the disability. A notable share of the studies originated from the United Kingdom and the United States. Findings reveal a complex cardiovascular risk profile, emphasizing the need for tailored prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with intellectual disability face a substantial burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Evidence on effective interventions remains limited, highlighting a need for targeted, evidence-informed approaches to improve cardiovascular health and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}