Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献_第10页

Treatment of Respiratory Viral Coinfections. 呼吸道病毒合并感染的治疗。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010008

Paul Alexander, Hana M Dobrovolny

{"title":"Treatment of Respiratory Viral Coinfections.","authors":"Paul Alexander, Hana M Dobrovolny","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010008","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of rapid multiplex PCR, physicians have been able to test for multiple viral pathogens when a patient presents with influenza-like illness. This has led to the discovery that many respiratory infections are caused by more than one virus. Antiviral treatment of viral coinfections can be complex because treatment of one virus will affect the time course of the other virus. Since effective antivirals are only available for some respiratory viruses, careful consideration needs to be given on the effect treating one virus will have on the dynamics of the other virus, which might not have available antiviral treatment. In this study, we use mathematical models of viral coinfections to assess the effect of antiviral treatment on coinfections. We examine the effect of the mechanism of action, relative growth rates of the viruses, and the assumptions underlying the interaction of the viruses. We find that high antiviral efficacy is needed to suppress both infections. If high doses of both antivirals are not achieved, then we run the risk of lengthening the duration of coinfection or even of allowing a suppressed virus to replicate to higher viral titers.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"81-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating Risk of Introduction of Ebola Virus Disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania: A Qualitative Assessment. 估计埃博拉病毒病从刚果民主共和国传入坦桑尼亚的风险:一项定性评估。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010007

Sima Rugarabamu, Janeth George, Kennedy M Mbanzulu, Gaspary O Mwanyika, Gerald Misinzo, Leonard E G Mboera

{"title":"Estimating Risk of Introduction of Ebola Virus Disease from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania: A Qualitative Assessment.","authors":"Sima Rugarabamu, Janeth George, Kennedy M Mbanzulu, Gaspary O Mwanyika, Gerald Misinzo, Leonard E G Mboera","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3010007","url":null,"abstract":"Between April 2018 and November 2020, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its 11th Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Tanzania's cross-border interactions with DRC through regular visitors, traders, and refugees are of concern, given the potential for further spread to neighboring countries. This study aimed to estimate the risk of introducing EVD to Tanzania from DRC. National data for flights, boats, and car transport schedules from DRC to Tanzania covering the period of May 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed to describe population movement via land, port, and air travel and coupled with available surveillance data to model the risk of EVD entry. The land border crossing was considered the most frequently used means of travel and the most likely pathway of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania. High probabilities of introducing EVD from DRC to Tanzania through the assessed pathways were associated with the viability of the pathogen and low detection capacity at the ports of entry. This study provides important information regarding the elements contributing to the risk associated with the introduction of EBV in Tanzania. It also indicates that infected humans arriving via land are the most likely pathway of EBV entry, and therefore, mitigation strategies including land border surveillance should be strengthened.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. SARS-CoV-2感染6个月后患者在COVID-19后出现的并发症及风险因素：基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010006

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Paula Vidal-Utrillas, Marta Latorre-Poveda, Alba Del Rio-González, Sara Ferrando-Rubert, Gema Ferrer-Abad, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Belen Cervera-Ferrer, Ursula Clerig-Arnau, Claudia Dols-Bernad, Maria Fontal-Carcel, Lorna Gomez-Lanas, David Jovani-Sales, Maria Carmen León-Domingo, Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova, Mercedes Moros-Blasco, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Sonia Valls-López, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

{"title":"Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Paula Vidal-Utrillas, Marta Latorre-Poveda, Alba Del Rio-González, Sara Ferrando-Rubert, Gema Ferrer-Abad, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Belen Cervera-Ferrer, Ursula Clerig-Arnau, Claudia Dols-Bernad, Maria Fontal-Carcel, Lorna Gomez-Lanas, David Jovani-Sales, Maria Carmen León-Domingo, Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova, Mercedes Moros-Blasco, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Sonia Valls-López, Alberto Arnedo-Pena","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010006","url":null,"abstract":"In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return to usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak in Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total of 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, and 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common COVID-19 manifestation. After six months, 160 patients (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, and 47 (29.4%) of them sought medical assistance. The most frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and headache. Risk factors associated with a complication were female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-2.65), age 35 years and above (aRR = 1.50 95% CI 1.14-1.99), B blood group (aRR = 1.51 95% CI 1.04-2.16), current smoker (RR = 1.61 95% CI 1.02-2.54), and at least a COVID-19 exposure (aRR = 2.13 95% CI 1.11-4.09). Male sex, age younger than 35 years, and low COVID-19 exposures were associated with better recovery and return to usual health. A third of patients presented persistent symptoms compatible with the long-COVID-19 syndrome. In conclusion, an active medical follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients must be implemented.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"49-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substance Use Descriptive Norms and Behaviors among US College Students: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study. 美国大学生的物质使用描述规范和行为:来自健康心理研究的发现。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010005

Hans Oh, Megan Besecker, Jimi Huh, Sasha Zhou, Susan E Luczak, Eric R Pedersen

{"title":"Substance Use Descriptive Norms and Behaviors among US College Students: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study.","authors":"Hans Oh, Megan Besecker, Jimi Huh, Sasha Zhou, Susan E Luczak, Eric R Pedersen","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3010005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social norms have been associated with alcohol use in college populations; however, more research is needed to confirm the associations between social norms and a range of substance use behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (September 2020-December 2020), a non-probability sample administered online to college students. We used multivariable logistic regression to test for associations between respondents' perceptions of substance use behaviors in their respective colleges and their own substance use behaviors, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and international student status.Results: We found that those who overestimated the prevalence of alcohol use, cigarette use, cannabis use, and vaping were significantly more likely to use these substances when compared with those who did not overestimate. These associations persisted even when using different prevalence estimates of substance use, though some associations lost statistical significance when applying the survey weights to account for non-response.Conclusion: College students overestimated the prevalence of substance use in their respective colleges, even during the early stages of the pandemic when social interactions were limited, and these beliefs were associated with substance use. Future studies may test the utility of campaigns to alter perceptions of social norms and interventions that use personalized normative feedback to reduce substance use during pandemics.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Epidemiologia in 2021 对2021年流行病评审员的致谢

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010004

引用次数: 0

Decreasing Wellbeing and Increasing Use of Negative Coping Strategies: The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the UK Health and Social Care Workforce. 幸福感下降，消极应对策略的使用增加：COVID-19大流行对英国卫生和社会护理人员的影响》（The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the UK Health and Social Care Workforce）。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010003

Patricia Gillen, Ruth D Neill, Jill Manthorpe, John Mallett, Heike Schroder, Patricia Nicholl, Denise Currie, John Moriarty, Jermaine Ravalier, Susan McGrory, Paula McFadden

{"title":"Decreasing Wellbeing and Increasing Use of Negative Coping Strategies: The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the UK Health and Social Care Workforce.","authors":"Patricia Gillen, Ruth D Neill, Jill Manthorpe, John Mallett, Heike Schroder, Patricia Nicholl, Denise Currie, John Moriarty, Jermaine Ravalier, Susan McGrory, Paula McFadden","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010003","url":null,"abstract":"Many health and social care (HSC) professionals have faced overwhelming pressures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As the current situation is constantly changing, and some restrictions across the UK countries such as social distancing and mask wearing in this period (May-July 2021) began to ease, it is important to examine how this workforce has been affected and how employers can help rebuild their services. The aim of this study was to compare cross-sectional data collected from the HSC workforce in the UK at three time points during the COVID-19 pandemic: Phase 1 (May-July 2020), Phase 2 (November 2020-January 2021) and Phase 3 (May-July 2021). Respondents surveyed across the UK (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) consisted of nurses, midwives, allied health professionals, social care workers and social workers. Wellbeing and work-related quality of life significantly declined from Phase 1 to 3 (p < 0.001); however, no significant difference occurred between Phases 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). Respondents increasingly used negative coping strategies between Phase 1 (May-July 2020) and Phase 3 (May-July 2021), suggesting that the HSC workforce has been negatively impacted by the pandemic. These results have the potential to inform HSC employers' policies, practices, and interventions as the workforce continues to respond to the COVID-19 virus and its legacy.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"26-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Media Use and Mental Health: A Global Analysis. 社交媒体使用与心理健康:一项全球分析。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010002

Osman Ulvi, Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic, Mahdi Baghbanzadeh, Ateka Bashir, Jacob Smith, Ubydul Haque

引用次数: 13

Risk of Secondary Household Transmission of COVID-19 from Health Care Workers in a Hospital in Spain. 西班牙一家医院的医护人员二次家庭传播 COVID-19 的风险。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010001

Miren Remón-Berrade, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Isabel Sarrate-Adot, Maria Pilar Garcia-Garcia, Maria Del Carmen Lerga-Berruezo, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Francisco Guillen-Grima

{"title":"Risk of Secondary Household Transmission of COVID-19 from Health Care Workers in a Hospital in Spain.","authors":"Miren Remón-Berrade, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Isabel Sarrate-Adot, Maria Pilar Garcia-Garcia, Maria Del Carmen Lerga-Berruezo, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Francisco Guillen-Grima","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hospital health care workers are at high risk of developing COVID-19 and transmitting the disease to their family upon returning home; the aim here is to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts of health care workers and their transmission risk factors.Material and methods: COVID-19 cases in the health care workers of an academic hospital in Pamplona, Spain, from 2 March to 26 May 2020, were followed up. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was estimated from cases in household contacts of index cases and their risk factors by Poisson regression.Results: 89 index cases were studied from 99 notified cases in health care workers (89.0%), excluding secondary cases or those who lived alone. Forty-six secondary cases confirmed by the laboratory were found among 326 household contacts, a secondary attack rate of 14.11% (95% CI 10.75-18.31), and 33 household contacts with acute infection symptoms without microbiologic confirmation 10.12% (95% CI 7.30-13.87). Considering all the cases, the secondary attack rate was 27.3 (95% CI 22.75-32.38). Risk factors were the gender and profession of the index case, the number of people living in the household, and the number of persons per bedroom. When the index case health worker used a single room, it had a protective effect, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.493 (95% CI 0.246-0.985); Conclusions: The secondary attack rate found among household contacts of health care workers is high. The preventive isolation of health care workers in individual rooms in their house may reduce the transmission in their families.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transmission Dynamics and Short-Term Forecasts of COVID-19: Nepal 2020/2021. 2019冠状病毒病的传播动态和短期预测:尼泊尔2020/2021。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2040043

Sushma Dahal, Ruiyan Luo, Raj Kumar Subedi, Meghnath Dhimal, Gerardo Chowell

{"title":"Transmission Dynamics and Short-Term Forecasts of COVID-19: Nepal 2020/2021.","authors":"Sushma Dahal, Ruiyan Luo, Raj Kumar Subedi, Meghnath Dhimal, Gerardo Chowell","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia2040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia2040043","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal was hard hit by a second wave of COVID-19 from April-May 2021. We investigated the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 at the national and provincial levels by using data on laboratory-confirmed RT-PCR positive cases from the official national situation reports. We performed 8 week-to-week sequential forecasts of 10-days and 20-days at national level using three dynamic phenomenological growth models from 5 March 2021-22 May 2021. We also estimated effective and instantaneous reproduction numbers at national and provincial levels using established methods and evaluated the mobility trends using Google's mobility data. Our forecast estimates indicated a declining trend of COVID-19 cases in Nepal as of June 2021. Sub-epidemic and Richards models provided reasonable short-term projections of COVID-19 cases based on standard performance metrics. There was a linear pattern in the trajectory of COVID-19 incidence during the first wave (deceleration of growth parameter (p) = 0.41-0.43, reproduction number (Rt) at 1.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.2)), and a sub-exponential growth pattern in the second wave (p = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.64)) and Rt at 1.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.3)). Across provinces, Rt ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 during the early growth phase of the second wave. The instantaneous Rt fluctuated around 1.0 since January 2021 indicating well sustained transmission. The peak in mobility across different areas coincided with an increasing incidence trend of COVID-19. In conclusion, we found that the sub-epidemic and Richards models yielded reasonable short-terms projections of the COVID-19 trajectory in Nepal, which are useful for healthcare utilization planning.","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"2 4","pages":"639-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Between Ambitious Strategies and Reality: The African Union Strategy on COVID-19 Vaccine. 在雄心勃勃的战略与现实之间:非洲联盟COVID-19疫苗战略。

Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2040042

Amr ElAteek, Shimaa A Heikal, Ludmila Rozanova, Antoine Flahault

引用次数: 1