Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence in the Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Community in Chicago: A Changing Landscape.","authors":"Kathryn Wenham,&nbsp;Bernadette Sebar,&nbsp;Patricia Lee,&nbsp;Neil Harris,&nbsp;Gabrielle Campbell","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenges of conducting research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in immigrant communities means little is known about the occurrence of various forms of IPV, making it difficult to address in these populations. This research draws on data gathered in Chicago's large and varied African immigrant communities. This research used a mixed methods approach: collection of quantitative survey data on occurrence, followed by qualitative interviews to explain the results. Missing quantitative data and contradicting qualitative responses made it difficult to draw definite conclusions on physical IPV; however, verbal abuse and controlling behaviours appear to be relatively widespread and normalised, and not always viewed as violence. Particularly with the probability of future pandemics and natural disasters, which are known to increase prevalence, it is important to raise awareness of less visible controlling behaviours and verbal abuse as forms of violence, and to implement appropriate prevention programs to minimise a concomitant rise in IPV within African immigrant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"337-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Long-Term Care Home Ownership and Administration Type on All-Cause Mortality from March to April 2020 in Madrid, Spain.","authors":"Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, Manuel Rico, François Béland, Fernando J García-López","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim is to assess whether long-term care home (LTCH) ownership and administration type were associated with all-cause mortality in 470 LTCHs in the Community of Madrid (Spain) during March and April 2020, the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are eight categories of LTCH type, including various combinations of ownership type (for-profit, nonprofit, and public) and administration type (completely private, private with places rented by the public sector, administrative management by procurement, and completely public). Multilevel regression was used to examine the association between mortality and LTCH type, adjusting for LTCH size, the spread of the COVID-19 infection, and the referral hospital. There were 9468 deaths, a mortality rate of 18.3%. Public and private LTCHs had lower mortality than LTCHs under public-private partnership (PPP) agreements. In the fully adjusted model, mortality was 7.4% (95% CI, 3.1-11.7%) in totally public LTCHs compared with 21.9% (95% CI, 17.4-26.4%) in LTCHs which were publicly owned with administrative management by procurement. These results are a testimony to the fatal consequences that pre-pandemic public-private partnerships in long-term residential care led to during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid, Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"323-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliographic Analysis of Primary Studies on Physical Activity and COVID-19 during 2020-2021.","authors":"Melissa Ciuldim,&nbsp;Rozangela Verlengia,&nbsp;Alex Harley Crisp","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3030024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical distancing and restrictions have been implemented to reduce the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In contrast, the impact of the pandemic on levels of physical activity has been the subject of studies worldwide. Since the first reported case in December 2019, the number of scientific studies on COVID-19 has grown in a way that has never been seen before. The current study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic. The search was carried out using the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Our analysis identified a total of 2023 published documents from 10,199 authors, with an annual growth rate of 330% between 2020 and 2021. Open-access scientific journals were the main sources of publication, and the level of collaboration among the most influential researchers contributed to productivity. A co-occurrence analysis of the authors' keywords indicated a high prevalence of themes related to mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, and quality of life. In conclusion, the bibliometric analysis revealed a high volume of primary studies on physical activity and COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic, and mental health was a much discussed topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the COVID-19 Pandemic Alters the Landscapes of the HIV and Tuberculosis Epidemics in South Africa: A Case Study and Future Directions.","authors":"Daniel Eike,&nbsp;Maximilia Hogrebe,&nbsp;Dagem Kifle,&nbsp;Miriam Tregilgas,&nbsp;Anshu Uppal,&nbsp;Alexandra Calmy","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>South Africa has long grappled with one of the highest HIV and tuberculosis (TB) burdens in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges to the country's already strained health system. Measures to contain COVID-19 virus may have further hampered the containment of HIV and TB in the country and further widened the socioeconomic gap. South Africa's handling of the pandemic has led to disruptions to HIV/TB testing and treatment. It has, furthermore, influenced social risk factors associated with increased transmission of these diseases. Individuals living with HIV and/or TB also face higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. In this case study, we contextualize the HIV/TB landscape in South Africa and analyze the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country's efforts to combat these ongoing epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"297-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Internet Hospital Development in China.","authors":"Yushan Li,&nbsp;Huimin Hu,&nbsp;Liudmila Rozanova,&nbsp;Guilhem Fabre","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2018, the access policy for Internet hospitals has been issued in China. So far, thousands of Internet hospitals have been approved to operate and have played a significant role during the COVID-19 pandemic. While front-line hospitals strive to treat patients, Internet hospitals take the responsibility to guide patients to seek appropriate medical treatment and meet the urgent needs of chronic patients through online medical follow-up, payment, and drug distribution. This paper is based on Internet medical policies and interviews with doctors working with Internet hospitals, aiming to study the development of Internet hospitals in China through the management of the COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese healthcare strategy on the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"269-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Strategic Priorities of the Swiss Decentralized Healthcare System: A COVID-19 Case Study.","authors":"Miriam Mi-Rim Lee Burger,&nbsp;Kaitlin Elizabeth Large,&nbsp;Yiqi Liu,&nbsp;Melissa Cigdem Coyle,&nbsp;Cherish Tariro Gamanya,&nbsp;Jean-François Etter","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a multitude of vulnerabilities in Switzerland's decentralized healthcare system and highlighted the urgent need to strengthen Switzerland's capacity to respond to health crises and disease outbreaks. In this article, we draw on three distinct areas of analysis of the current functioning of the Swiss healthcare system to examine its strengths and weaknesses, which can serve as a basis for future considerations and strategic priorities. First, we analyze the different levels of nine non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), as defined by the ETH KOF Stringency Index and implemented in the Swiss cantons of Zurich, Vaud, and Ticino, compared with the rate of positive COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. We find that there was no strong correlation between the severity of the nine non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented and lower rates of positive COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Second, we examine the challenges of Switzerland's decentralized healthcare system through a literature review and with empirical data obtained from semi-structured interviews with health professionals in Switzerland. We conclude our analysis with the role of central authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that during a national emergency in Switzerland, taking into account other factors that influence the success of a pandemic strategy, there is an opportunity for a more unified, centralized response to reduce the social and economic toll of the pandemic without necessarily risking greater health damage. We recommend that the Swiss federal government use a combination of decentralized and centralized public health and policy approaches and promote greater private-public collaboration with direct communication channels among policymakers, public health stakeholders, and the public to improve pandemic preparedness and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"250-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarity Index-Probabilistic Confidence Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Strain Relatedness in Localized Outbreaks.","authors":"Mahmood Y Bilal","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to expanding small-scale localized infection subclusters that eventually propagate into regional and global outspread. These infections are driven by spatial as well as temporal mutational dynamics wherein virions diverge genetically as transmission occurs. Mutational similarity or dissimilarity of viral strains, stemming from shared spatiotemporal fields, thence serves as a gauge of relatedness. In our clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiological analyses of strain association are performed qualitatively from genomic sequencing data. These methods however carry a degree of uncertainty when the samples are not qualitatively, with reasonable confidence, deemed identical or dissimilar. We propose a theoretical mathematical model for probability derivation of outbreak-sample similarity as a function of spatial dynamics, shared and different mutations, and total number of samples involved. This Similarity Index utilizes an Essen-Möller ratio of similar and dissimilar mutations between the strains in question. The indices are compared to each strain within an outbreak, and then the final Similarity Index of the outbreak group is calculated to determine quantitative confidence of group relatedness. We anticipate that this model will be useful in evaluating strain associations in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral outbreaks utilizing molecular data.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"238-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would New SARS-CoV-2 Variants Change the War against COVID-19?","authors":"Elrashdy M Redwan,&nbsp;Fatma Elrashdy,&nbsp;Alaa A A Aljabali,&nbsp;Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz,&nbsp;Debmalya Barh,&nbsp;Adam M Brufsky,&nbsp;Sk Sarif Hassan,&nbsp;Kenneth Lundstrom,&nbsp;Ángel Serrano-Aroca,&nbsp;Kazuo Takayama,&nbsp;Murtaza M Tambuwala,&nbsp;Bruce D Uhal,&nbsp;Vladimir N Uversky","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scientific, private, and industrial sectors use a wide variety of technological platforms available to achieve protection against SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), including vaccines. However, the virus evolves continually into new highly virulent variants, which might overcome the protection provided by vaccines and may re-expose the population to infections. Mass vaccinations should be continued in combination with more or less mandatory non-pharmaceutical interventions. Therefore, the key questions to be answered are: (i) How to identify the primary and secondary infections of SARS-CoV-2? (ii) Why are neutralizing antibodies not long-lasting in both cases of natural infections and post-vaccinations? (iii) Which are the factors responsible for this decay in neutralizing antibodies? (iv) What strategy could be adapted to develop long-term herd immunity? (v) Is the Spike protein the only vaccine target or is a vaccine cocktail better?</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Boost or Not to Boost: Acceptability of a COVID-19 Booster Dose among Osteopathic Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Medical School in New York.","authors":"Taysir Al Janabi, Maria Pino","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, with new variants emerging and vaccine-induced immunity waning. Protecting and retaining the healthcare force remains crucial in fighting this pandemic, as healthcare workers (HCWs) are a critical driver in increasing vaccine uptake among the public. This study explored the uptake of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) booster shots among medical students at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM). Predictors for actual booster uptake were also examined. An electronic survey was distributed to Osteopathic Medical Students (OMS I-IV) in January 2022. The survey was distributed to 1762 students total, with 319 responses received (18%). Of those who responded, 70.2% (224/319) reported that they had already received a booster, while 29.5% (94/319) reported they had not yet received it. We identified that pharmaceutical mistrust, building long-lasting immunity via vaccines, and vaccines' adverse effects were the most significant predictors for how willing participants were to accept a booster dose. Vaccine hesitancy around the COVID-19 booster was prevalent during the surge of the highly transmissible variant Omicron. This finding necessitates some evidence-based approaches to enhance booster uptake among a population subgroup whose impact is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"218-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Public & Economic Health in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Analysis.","authors":"Gainha Kim,&nbsp;Justine M Natuplag,&nbsp;Sui Jin Lin,&nbsp;Jinyi Feng,&nbsp;Nicolas Ray","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia3020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3020016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite loose restrictions and a low mortality rate due to COVID-19, Japan faced the challenge of stabilizing its economy during the pandemic. Here, we analyzed how the Japanese government attempted to maintain a balance between the health of the population and the health of the economy. We used a mix of quantitative data, information from policy documents, and news agency publications. Features of the Japanese government's handling of the pandemic include the lack of constitutional authority to enforce a lockdown, the laxer restrictions compared with other countries in which citizens were advised only to exercise self-restraint and avoid close social contact, and the existence of expert panels that had only an advisory role. Our findings address the slow initial response of the government, which feared that the 2020 Tokyo Olympics would be canceled, and the increased testing when the Olympics were postponed, as well as the expansion of vaccination efforts after the Olympics. In addition, there was a targeted campaign to promote national travel to increase economic revenue in the tourism sector, but this led to an increase in COVID-19 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"3 2","pages":"199-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9620936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10673464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}