Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation.","authors":"Laura Merson, Sara Duque, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Trokon Omarley Yeabah, Jamie Rylance, Janet Diaz, Antoine Flahault, Isaric Clinical Characterisation Group","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030039","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectious disease outbreaks. To improve the design and quality of future forms, we analysed the inclusion and completion rates of the 243 fields on the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 CRF. Data from 42 diverse collaborations, covering 1886 hospitals and 950,064 patients, were analysed. A mean of 129.6 fields (53%) were included in the adapted CRFs implemented across the sites. Consistent patterns of field inclusion and completion aligned with globally recognised research priorities in outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. Outcome status was the most highly included (95.2%) and completed (89.8%) field, followed by admission demographics (79.1% and 91.6%), comorbidities (77.9% and 79.0%), signs and symptoms (68.9% and 78.4%), and vitals (70.3% and 69.1%). Mean field completion was higher in severe patients (70.2%) than in all patients (61.6%). The results reveal how clinical characterisation CRFs can be streamlined to reduce data collection time, including the modularisation of CRFs, to offer a choice of data volume collection and the separation of critical care interventions. This data-driven approach to designing CRFs enhances the efficiency of data collection to inform patient care and public health response.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"557-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver Perception of the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Special Needs: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Lidia Gavic, Megi Brekalo, Antonija Tadin","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compared to the general population, individuals with special needs tend to have worse oral health, potentially diminishing their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the effect of oral health on the quality of life of individuals with special needs who received dental treatment under general anaesthesia, as well as the impact on their and their families' quality of life.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved participants with special needs who had undergone a dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Before the intervention, an oral examination was conducted to count the number of teeth affected by caries. Parents or caregivers filled out a specially designed questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, details about the children's oral hygiene and dietary habits, and questionnaires on the impact of their child's oral health on their quality of life (P-CPQ) and the influence of the oral health of children with psychophysical difficulties on the family (FIS). The data collected were analysed both descriptively and using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation analysis. The level of significance was set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 42 children (24 females and 18 males) with an average age of 21.14 ± 8.34 years. The average number of carious teeth per participant was 9.74 ± 5.63. About 66% of respondents reported that their children performed oral hygiene with their help, while 9.5% of them did not do so at all. Individuals with a higher number of caries had statistically significantly higher scores on the emotional well-being (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and social well-being (<i>p</i> = 0.033) subscales of P-CPQ, as well as on the parental emotions subscale of FIS (<i>p</i> = 0.020). Also, there was a difference in the number of carious teeth in participants due to unhealthy habits (drinking sweetened beverages, <i>p</i> = 0.030) and due to comforting with food (<i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in the number of carious teeth in individuals with special needs has been associated with the quality of life of their families. To address this, it is crucial to promote the prevention of oral health issues by educating individuals with special needs and their caregivers on proper oral hygiene techniques and diets tailored to their specific requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"547-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Lung Cancer in the European Union.","authors":"Katharina Kehrle, Michael Hetjens, Svetlana Hetjens","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030037","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer is worldwide one of the most common types of cancer with still very high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify and demonstrate correlations between lung cancer mortality rates and potential influencing factors in EU countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study investigated the connections between the mortality rates in the EU countries (n = 28) and potential influencing factors. The significant factors from the correlation analysis were identified using a stepwise multiple regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most important factors for both genders are the incidence of lung cancer, the price of tobacco, and the number of doctors per 100,000 inhabitants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lung cancer is a significant global health challenge. The study identified potential strategies for reducing the mortality rate from lung cancer. These strategies include an increase in the number of physicians, enhanced accessibility to cutting-edge antineoplastic medications, and state-funded coverage of the associated costs. It would be beneficial for politicians to consider implementing LDCT screening for the early detection of the disease. The implementation of uniform healthcare system optimization across the EU, combined with improvements in socio-economic conditions, has the potential to mitigate the risk of developing lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"539-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyberchondria, Health Literacy, and Perception of Risk in Croatian Patients with Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV-A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tanja Staraj Bajcic, Iva Sorta-Bilajac Turina, Marko Lucijanic, Tamara Sinozic, Mirela Vuckovic, Ksenija Bazdaric","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The perception of the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a well-researched phenomenon, but not in relation to cyberchondria and health literacy. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between the assessment of the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, cyberchondria, and health literacy. <b>Materials and methods</b>: This study was conducted in 2020-2021 in Croatia. The experimental group consisted of patients from the Centre for Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV (N = 134). The control group consisted of other patients recruited from daily epidemiological practices (N = 171). The instruments that were used were questionnaires that measure the perception of risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, health literacy, and cyberchondria. <b>Results</b>: Out of 305 respondents, 134 (43.9%) were in the STI counselling group, and 171 (56.1%) were in the control group. Generally, the participants in the former perceived the risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV to be higher (but still low) than those in the latter. There was no difference in health literacy between the STI and control group; the health literacy score was average in both groups. There were differences in almost all the cyberchondria factors, except for Mistrust. Health literacy, belonging to the STI counselling group, and risk behaviours were positively associated with CH in the logistic regression analysis. <b>Conclusions</b>: People with a risk for STIs tend to minimize this risk, have higher cyberchondria levels, and have average health literacy. Cyberchondria is positively associated with health literacy, and more education about excessive health-related internet research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"525-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video Game Addiction in Young People (8-18 Years Old) after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Grey Area of Addiction and the Phenomenon of \"Gaming Non-Pathological Abuse (GNPA)\".","authors":"Domenico Piccininno, Giulio Perrotta","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the literature, video game addiction in youths is correlated with dysfunctional symptoms of anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders, and the pandemic period of 2020-2022 has favored the aggravation of this behavioral addiction. Therefore, we identified the need to analyze this phenomenon with an emphasis on the risks and correlates related to deviance and maladjustment from a prospective perspective, seeking to understand the impact of the individual variables examined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To demonstrate whether the condition of \"gaming non-pathological abuse\" (GNPA) promotes psychopathological features of clinical interest, in the absence of a diagnosis of \"gaming disorder\" (GD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A search performed on PubMed and administration of an ad hoc sociological questionnaire were used to investigate individual variables of criminological interest in a representative population sample (531 males/females, 8-18 years old, M: 14.4, SD: 2.5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis showed that after the pandemic period, digital video game addiction was reinforced, feeding psychopathological traits consistent with anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders. Variables correlated with impulsive, aggressive, and violent behavior related to age, gender, socio-environmental and economic background, and the severity of digital video game addiction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the youth population (8-18 years), \"gaming non-pathological abuse\" (GNPA) is related to aggressive, impulsive and violent behaviors that foster phenomena of social maladjustment and deviance, especially in individuals living in disadvantaged or otherwise complex socio-economic and family contexts. Looking forward, the study of structural and functional personality profiles is essential in order to anticipate and reduce the future risk of psychopathological and criminal behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"511-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Central Nervous System Complications of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Matteo Riccò, Antonio Cascio, Silvia Corrado, Marco Bottazzoli, Federico Marchesi, Renata Gili, Pasquale Gianluca Giuri, Davide Gori, Paolo Manzoni","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing base of evidence suggests that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections may be associated with neurological complications. In accord with the PRISMA statement, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the occurrence of encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with documented RSV infections. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for eligible observational studies published up to 10 April 2024. Raw data included the occurrence of RSV infections among cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy and cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy among series of RSV infections. Data were pooled in a random effects model. Case reports were also collected, and their data pooled as a cumulative series. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² measure, while reporting bias was assessed by means of funnel plots and regression analysis. A total of 15 studies for a total of 7719 RSV infections and 1631 cases of encephalitis were analyzed. Moreover, 27 case reports and case series were retrieved, for a total of 84 individual cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy occurring during a documented RSV infection. A pooled prevalence of 2.20 cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy per 100 RSV cases (I² = 99%) was calculated, while a prevalence of RSV infections among cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy was estimated to 3.53 per 100 cases for studies on respiratory specimens (I² = 48%) and 0.37 per cases on central nervous system (CNS) specimens (I² = 0%). Detection of RSV within the CNS was relatively rare (17.86% of pooled case reports), being associated with male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.021, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.104 to 22.831) and recovery with long-term sequelae (aOR 5.699, 95%CI 1.152; 28.183). Case fatality ratio was estimated to be 0.43 per 100 cases on observational studies and 10.71% in case reports, a difference likely due to publication bias. In summary, RSV represented a not frequent but notable cause of encephalitis/encephalopathy in adults and children. The paucity of available studies not only recommends a cautious appraisal of our results but stresses the clinical significance of future studies on incident cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"421-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Breastfeeding, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Childhood Obesity.","authors":"Ermioni Palaska, Evangelia Antoniou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Panagiotis Eskitzis, Eirini Orovou","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast milk is a unique and highly beneficial source of nutrition for infants. It contains a wide range of nutrients that are specifically tailored to meet the specific needs of a growing infant. On the other hand, obesity is a major health issue that affects people around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and child BMI and the role of maternal BMI, which may influence this relationship. This study revealed that a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of overweight children. Additionally, the research found that children born to overweight or obese women had a higher probability of being overweight or obese themselves. Considering that mothers with a higher pre-pregnancy body weight are more likely to have children with a higher BMI, it is important that they receive information about the advantages of breastfeeding for a minimum of 6 months for both themselves and their children. Additionally, they should be offered ongoing support, to encourage them to start breastfeeding and continue with it beyond this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"411-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Disparity in Stroke Mortality among Adults: A Time Series Analysis in the Greater Vitoria Region, Brazil (2000-2021).","authors":"Orivaldo Florencio de Souza, Alexandre Castelo Branco Araújo, Lorenna Baião Vieira, José Alexandre Bachur, Alberto Grover Prado Lopez, Thiago Gomes Gonçalves, Luiz Carlos de Abreu","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disparity between the sexes in stroke mortality has been demonstrated in people from different locations. The objective of this study was to analyze the disparity between sexes in stroke mortality in adults in the metropolitan area of Greater Vitoria between 2000 and 2021. Ecological time series design was conducted with a database of the Brazilian Health System Informatics Department. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated through joinpoint regression. Pairwise comparisons using parallelism and coincidence tests were applied to compare temporal trends between men and women. Men had higher mortality rates in most years between 2000 and 2021. In contrast, women had higher proportional mortality values in all years evaluated from 2000 to 2021. The paired comparison revealed a disparity between the sexes in the proportional mortality time series (parallelism test: <i>p</i> = 0.003; coincidence test: <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, the time series of the mortality rates showed no disparity between the sexes (parallelism test: <i>p</i> = 0.114; coincidence test: <i>p</i> = 0.093). From 2000 to 2021, there was a disparity in proportional mortality from stroke between the sexes of the population in the metropolitan area of Greater Vitoria, Brazil. However, the time series of mortality rates between the sexes did not reveal any disparity in the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"402-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding, Walking Onset, and Abdominal Obesity Are Determinants of Physical Fitness among Latin American and Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Cultural Study.","authors":"Karina E Andrade-Lara, José Carlos Cabrera Linares, Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla, Alexander Mayanquer-Lara, Manuel Lucena Zurita, Pedro Ángel Latorre Román","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5030022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To comp+are levels of physical fitness between Ecuador and Spain and identify whether breastfeeding period, walking onset, and abdominal obesity are determinants of physical performance in schoolchildren from Ecuador and Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a total of 352 schoolchildren (6-12 years old) from Ecuador (n = 176) and Spain (n = 176) joined in this study. Anthropometric measures, socio-demographic characteristics, and physical fitness were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spanish schoolchildren showed better performance in handgrip strength, standing long jump, and 25 m sprint (<i>p</i> = 0.021; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Spanish children showed better cardiorespiratory fitness (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and a higher VO2 max (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with regards to their peers. In addition, children from Ecuador and Spain showed an influence of breastfeeding period (<i>p</i> ranged from <0.001 to 0.043) and walking onset (<i>p</i> ranged from <0.001 to 0.032) on physical performance. Moreover, physical fitness components were protective factors of abdominal obesity in Ecuadorian and Spanish schoolchildren (<i>p</i> ranged from =0.001 to 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings revealed the influence of the infancy period and the onset of walking on children's physical performance, highlighting the importance of these factors in motor development during early childhood and also their influence in middle childhood and throughout adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":"318-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomonitoring Environmental Exposure in Syrian Refugees in Lebanon.","authors":"Malek Alaouie, Gera M Troisi","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5020021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over one million Syrian refugees have been residing in substandard living conditions in Lebanon for the past decade. Non-invasive biomonitoring of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a pulmonary inflammation biomarker was conducted following and preceding indoor environmental assessments (which revealed elevated mould counts in informal tented settlements and non-residential shelters) to further evaluate effects of environmental exposure to indoor contaminants. Results of biomonitoring (<i>n</i> = 57) provided some insight regarding existing respiratory conditions and the possible implementation of minimally invasive methods to establish susceptibility profiles in Syrian refugees amid limited access to healthcare. The clinical interpretation of FeNO results suggested possible persistent exposure to allergens in addition to significant type 2 inflammation in some subjects. These findings warrant the need to expand this study, investigate other biomarkers, and attempt to correlate findings with environmental conditions to evaluate if a dose-response relationship exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 2","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11203224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}