Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Healthcare Settings and Infection Prevention: Today's Procedures in Light of the \"Instructions for Disinfection\" Issued During the 1817 Typhus Epidemic in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Pre-Unification Italy).","authors":"Davide Orsini, Maria Luisa Cristina, Anna Maria Spagnolo, Carola Minet, Marina Sartini, Roberto Parrella, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Mariano Martini","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even today, healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) remain the most frequent and serious complications in healthcare, with a significant clinical and economic impact. The authors of this manuscript address the causes and conditions that determine this situation and describe them in comparison with the situation in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany more than two centuries ago and with the instructions that were issued at the time to contain the typhus epidemic of 1817, increase hospital sanitation, and disinfect houses. Today, we know that a crucial element in the fight against healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is the definition and implementation of best care practices and other measures, according to a combined program that must be tailored to each healthcare setting. In the early nineteenth century, these approaches originated from experience and chemical knowledge that were becoming established, opening the way to the ideas and experiments of Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis and later of Joseph Lister, who traced the path for the birth of hygiene. Two centuries later the pioneering vision of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the beginning of the 19th century, when preventive measures in the field of public health were still backward and underdeveloped, is still enlightening and surprisingly topical.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubber Crumb Infill in Synthetic Turf and Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metalloids.","authors":"Shamshad Karatela, Igor Popovic, Zahra Sobhani, Shiv Basant Kumar, Thava Palanisami, Li-Zi Lin, Gunther Paul","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic turf has become a popular alternative to natural grass due to low upkeep costs; however, its health impacts have not been clearly elucidated. This review examines and consolidates the existing literature on rubber crumb in infill in synthetic turf and its associated adverse health outcomes, along with recommendations for future research. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar of studies on exposures to rubber crumb in infills in synthetic turf. The search focused on epidemiological and toxicological laboratory studies (including exposure simulation and animal studies), as well as government reports. Non-English studies and those addressing injuries (musculoskeletal and burn injuries) were not considered. Eighteen laboratory studies examined concentrations of PAHs found in synthetic turf rubber infill. The total level of PAHs detected in samples varied between 0.4 mg/kg and 3196 mg/kg. The PAH levels were influenced by the age of the synthetic turf, with the older synthetic surface fields containing lower concentrations (compared to newly laid turfs). Synthetic turfs composed of industrial rubber crumb infill also had a lower PAH composition relative to end-of-life tyre-derived infill. In the six studies that investigated the metal content and composition of rubber crumb infill, Aluminium (5382 mg/kg), Zinc (5165 mg/kg), and Iron (489.6 mg/kg) had the highest median concentrations. There were minor differences in heavy metal concentrations found in newly installed synthetic turf compared to older turfs and synthetic sporting fields exposed to direct sunlight (versus indoor fields). There were two epidemiological studies on synthetic turf rubber crumb infill (one ecological and one cross-sectional study), which found no significant associations between synthetic turf exposure and the incidence of leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Similarly, one metabolomic study of urine samples from athletes taken pre- and post-match on synthetic turf, and two studies simulating dermal, ingestion, and inhalation exposure concluded that there was no elevated health risk associated with playing on synthetic turf pitches. Currently, there is very limited evidence of an association between synthetic turf use and adverse health outcomes. Considering the ubiquitous use of synthetic grass globally and the scarcity of epidemiological studies, there is a vital need for further research based on longitudinal study designs and more robust exposure assessments, to help improve our understanding of any potential health risks associated with synthetic turf infill exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Livestock in Japan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sayoko Hanamoto, Yuri Fujimoto, Katsuaki Sugiura, Takeshi Haga","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is an important health issue that is estimated to have caused 130,000 deaths worldwide in 2021. As more instances of cross-species transmission of MRSA have been reported, concerns have been raised regarding the spread of livestock-associated MRSA to humans. The prevalence of MRSA in livestock varies globally. This study systematically reviews the prevalence of MRSA at the farm and animal levels in Japan. <b>Methods:</b> Relevant studies published in English or Japanese between 2000 and 2023 were retrieved from four databases. Pooled prevalences at the farm and animal levels in Japanese farms were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. <b>Results:</b> The 13 studies included in this meta-analysis yielded an MRSA prevalence of 3.54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-8.30%) at the individual pig level, 13.07% (95% CI 5.42-23.04%) at the pig farm level, 0.0% (95% CI 0.00-0.04%) at the individual cattle level, and 0% (95% CI 0.00-0.44%) at the individual chicken level. A significant increase in MRSA prevalence over time was evident at the individual pig level by both subgroup analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.020) and meta-regression (<i>p</i> = 0.019). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results indicated that the proportion of pigs that can be a source of MRSA infection in humans has been steadily increasing in Japan. Despite some limitations, our findings strongly imply a need for more attention to pig-to-human MRSA transmission in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NT-proBNP for Heart Failure Screening in Primary Care in an Eastern European Country: What We Know and Proposed Steps.","authors":"Ioana Camelia Teleanu, Anca Mîrșu-Păun, Cristian Gabriel Bejan, Ana-Maria Alexandra Stănescu","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological studies indicate that heart failure (HF) prevalence and associated mortality are significantly higher among Eastern European countries as compared to their Western European counterparts. The significant financial burden on the healthcare system matches these sobering data. Thus, efficient programs for patients with HF have been called for. N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) represents a widely used, cost-effective, and readily available test that can be used to evaluate HF risk. However, it should not be used as a universal assessment, given the existing variability in proposed cut-off scores for various subgroups of patients. Thus, the clinical context needs to always be considered, and alternative diagnoses need to be ruled out. Based upon evidence from the literature for the above assumptions, the advantages and limitations of using NT-proBNP in primary care settings, along with other HF diagnostic modalities, are discussed in this paper. Also, this paper argues that an effective primary care network, in collaboration with specialist providers, may avoid a delay in HF diagnoses, may help provide on-time treatments, and may ultimately cut unnecessary healthcare expenditures associated with HF hospitalizations. Therefore, the present paper proposes an algorithm for diagnosing HF in primary care settings and discusses specific knowledge and skills that family physicians should be well equipped with in order to successfully respond to the needs of their patients with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Role of Irisin in Longevity and Aging: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ana I Plácido, Daniela Azevedo, Maria Teresa Herdeiro, Manuel Morgado, Fátima Roque","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irisin is a protein resulting from a proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FND5). The ability of irisin to modulate adipocyte and control glucose metabolism in human metabolic diseases gave rise to the hypothesis that irisin could have a pivotal role in aging-related diseases. Although in animal models, increased levels of irisin have been positively associated with better health outcomes, in humans, its role remains controversial. To provide an overview of the main finding on irisin in older adults, a comprehensive search was performed through the MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies conducted in older adults (≥60 years) published since 2012. After grouping and analyzing the articles based on diseases associated with older adults, the main conclusion of this narrative review is that the included studies did not yield consistent evidence regarding the association between irisin and health or disease in older adults. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effective role of this protein in promoting health and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining South Tyrol's Experience: Digital Health Adoption and Workforce Issues in Implementing Italy's Primary Care Reform Under Ministerial Decree No. 77/2022.","authors":"Christian J Wiedermann, Angelika Mahlknecht, Verena Barbieri, Dietmar Ausserhofer, Barbara Plagg, Carla Felderer, Pasqualina Marino, Adolf Engl, Giuliano Piccoliori","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Ministerial Decree (D.M.) 77/2022 aims to reform Italy's primary care system by establishing community health centres and integrating digital tools to address healthcare access disparities and workforce shortages. This review focuses on frailty assessment tools, digital health innovations, and workforce challenges in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol, emphasising interprofessional trust and collaboration issues. <b>Methods:</b> Using a narrative custom review approach guided by the SANRA checklist, this study synthesised findings from PubMed, official health websites, and regional surveys on frailty, workforce dynamics, interprofessional collaboration, and digital infrastructure in South Tyrol. <b>Results:</b> General practitioners (GPs) exhibited high professional motivation but expressed concerns about autonomy and administrative burdens in collaborative care models. Trust issues between GPs and specialists hinder workforce cohesion and care coordination, highlighting the need for structured inter-professional communication. Frailty assessments, such as the PRISMA-7 tool, identify over 33% of community-dwelling individuals aged 75 years and older as frail, necessitating targeted interventions. Digital health adoption, particularly electronic health records and telemedicine, is slow because of workforce shortages and infrastructure limitations. <b>Conclusions:</b> The successful implementation of D.M. 77/2022 in South Tyrol requires addressing workforce challenges, improving interprofessional trust, expanding digital infrastructure, and integrating frailty assessment findings into care strategies. These measures are critical for achieving a more resilient, equitable, and effective primary healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 4","pages":"838-853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay Between Vitamin D Deficiency, Iron Status, and Anemia Risk in Moroccan Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Noura Zouine, Ilham Lhilali, Lode Godderis, Adil El Midaoui, Samir El Jaafari, Younes Filali-Zegzouti","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Vitamin D and iron deficiencies are prevalent among Moroccan women of reproductive age (WRA). Research suggests that Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may impair iron bioavailability, potentially leading to iron deficiency (ID) and anemia. Objectives: This study investigates associations between vitamin D status, iron levels, and anemia risk in WRA, aged 18-49, from Meknes, Morocco. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted among 463 participants, measuring serum 25(OH)D, blood count parameters, iron, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and creatinine. Lifestyle factors, including dietary intake, sun exposure, and physical activity, were assessed through validated questionnaires, and anthropometric data were collected. Linear and logistic regression models analyzed associations, while ROC analysis evaluated VDD's predictive accuracy for ID and anemia. <b>Results:</b> VDD (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was significantly associated with reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, and ferritin (all <i>p</i> < 0.01), indicating vitamin D's role in erythropoiesis and iron storage. Multivariate logistic regression showed that VDD increased the risk of anemia (OR: 7.17, 95% CI: 3.19-19.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ID (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.32-3.77, <i>p</i> = 0.007), and IDA (OR: 4.10, 95% CI: 1.73-12.08, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Dietary iron intake was inadequate, showing minimal protective effects against anemia and ID (β(SE): -0.08(0.03), <i>p</i> = 0.030 and β(SE): -0.05(0.02), <i>p</i> = 0.037). <b>Conclusions</b>: VDD is a significant risk factor for impaired iron status and anemia in Moroccan WRA, highlighting the need for targeted nutritional interventions and further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 4","pages":"805-827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Bovine Neosporosis in Relation to Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Transmissibility Factors in Dual-Purpose Production Systems in Colombia.","authors":"Cesar A Murcia-Mono, Sergio Falla-Tapias, Britney K Cabrera-Ospina, Jahir O Vargas-Domínguez, William O Burgos-Paz","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bovine neosporosis represents a significant threat to reproduction and production in livestock systems worldwide. This disease is caused by the protozoan <i>Neospora caninum</i>, resulting in abortions of cows and neurological signs in newborn calves. This leads to significant economic losses, decreasing meat and milk production, especially in tropical regions. The infection has an endogenous and exogenous cycle of transmission involving dogs that shed the oocysts, with the highest transmission successes in humid areas. Similarly, there is a lack of knowledge about the epidemiological risk factors and management practices involved in the transmission success in tropical humid regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this sense, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted on 150 farms from 24 municipalities of the Huila area. A total of 360 cattle were sampled, and information about the production system was collected using a structured poll with 128 questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In these cattle, 53% (191/360) were positive for antibodies against <i>Neospora caninum</i> using ELISA. The logistic regression analysis using the information collected from the poll identified the presence of flooring type, water access, production systems, and feed management as risk factors. Among the protective factors were identified the geographical area, molasses supplementation, and biosecurity practices such as animal separation and access control.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study identified for the first time the epidemiological risk factors associated mainly with the exogenous cycle of neosporosis. The present study contributes to the design of intervention strategies oriented to minimize the impact of parasitism in Colombian herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 4","pages":"828-837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Mode Face-to-Face and Telephone Approach to Data Collection in Health Surveys: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Paulo Henrique Guerra, Letícia Aparecida Calderão Sposito, Daniel Umpierre, Alex Antonio Florindo","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The present study aims to identify information from health research studies that have used a mixed-methods data collection approach, considering the combination of face-to-face and telephone interviews (referred to as the MMFT approach), specifically focusing on identifying themes, objectives, designs, populations involved, and implementation processes. <b>Methods</b>: A scoping review was developed, with systematic searches performed in March 2024 across five databases, namely, PubMed; SciELO; Scopus; Web of Science; as well as Google Scholar and reference lists. The inclusion criteria were defined under the following categories: \"Participants\" (observational epidemiological studies, with no restrictions as to where they were carried out, sampling techniques, or sample profiles); \"Concept\" (use of MMFT in data collection), and \"Context\" (studies carried out in the health area, with no restrictions on the theme/subject). The review process was carried out by three researchers who worked independently. <b>Results</b>: From the initial 1515 potential references, the synthesis of this review included data from seven original studies, highlighting cross-sectional designs, involvement of adults and/or elderly people without specific health conditions, variability between data collection strategies, and complementary use of online approaches. <b>Conclusions</b>: Based on the evidence generated, it is recommended that future studies assess aspects of the MMFT approach in terms of response rate, cost reduction, and increasing the speed of conducting health surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 4","pages":"796-804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary Blood Donation in Modern Healthcare: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities.","authors":"Svjetlana Gasparovic Babic, Antea Krsek, Lara Baticic","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/epidemiologia5040052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voluntary blood donation plays a crucial role in public health by ensuring a stable supply of blood and its components, essential for medical treatments including surgeries, trauma care, and chronic disease management. Voluntary donors, often healthier individuals, enhance the safety of the blood supply and play a vital role in emergency preparedness. Beyond its societal benefits, regular blood donation may offer health advantages for donors, including improved cardiovascular health due to reduced iron levels and psychological benefits stemming from altruism and a sense of social responsibility. Public health initiatives are instrumental in fostering blood donation through education, awareness campaigns, and targeted donor recruitment strategies. These efforts encourage a culture of social responsibility, inspiring community participation and improving overall healthcare system sustainability. Despite these efforts, challenges such as fluctuating donation rates, aging populations, and shifting demographics underscore the need for ongoing initiatives to ensure a sufficient blood supply. As a public health priority, voluntary blood donation demands continuous promotion and innovation to meet the growing demand for blood products and maintain healthcare system resilience. This review highlights the public health significance of voluntary blood donation, with particular focus on its benefits for donors and its role in supporting healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 4","pages":"770-784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}