Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health最新文献

{"title":"An Italian survey of opioids misuse: Epidemiological and psychopathological aspects","authors":"Gianfranco Stigliano ,&nbsp;Andrea Miuli ,&nbsp;Aliseo Lalli ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Alessi ,&nbsp;Antonella Sociali ,&nbsp;Fabiana Esposito ,&nbsp;Laura D'Angelo ,&nbsp;Giacomo d'Andrea ,&nbsp;Alessio Mosca ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Santovito ,&nbsp;Giovanni Martinotti ,&nbsp;Massimo di Giannantonio","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Opioid abuse is a worrying reality especially in the US. The increase in the prescription of opioids in Europe poses the risk of a possible increase in the number of abusers also in Italy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the abuse of opioids in the youth population and to evaluate possible correlations with some psychopathological aspects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A survey, conducted from July 2019 to March 2020, about the use of opioids was spread to a group of subjects aged between 18 and 40 years. A socio-demographical investigation and psychometric scales evaluating internet game addiction, gaming online, quality of life and general psychometric features were administrated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine-hundred and thirteen subjects completed the survey. Seventeen-five subjects (8.21%) have used one opioid at least once in their lifetime. Weak correlations were found between codeine and morphine intensity of use and sleep disturbance, cigarette smoked per day, while codeine correlates with the number of coffees taken per day and somatization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although the data of this survey do not show high percentages of use in Italy (8.21% of the sample have used one of the listed opioids at least once in their lifetime), the correlations founded confirm the literature data already present highlighting the need for constant monitoring of this phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118221000271/pdfft?md5=9ffc72bc4cd5e07b18ba7b6cc4390698&pid=1-s2.0-S2667118221000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual suicide by carbon monoxide intoxication: 91% HbCO saturation in a sealed setting","authors":"Davide Ferorelli ,&nbsp;Gabriele Mandarelli ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Spagnolo ,&nbsp;Federica Misceo ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Strisciullo ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Polo ,&nbsp;Biagio Solarino ,&nbsp;Alessandro Dell'Erba","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most common lethal poison in every community yet studied. Accidental or suicidal CO poisoning has been reported as the most frequent manner of death. In the case we report here, a man was found dead inside his house with a strong smell of burning. The house presented no signs of effraction, and a lot of scotch tape was placed around the windows and doors edges as well as the keyholes to avoid any passage of air. Near the bed, there was an extinguished brazier with combusted carbon. After the external examination of the body a toxicological analysis was performed. The results pointed out 91% HbCO saturation in absence of signs of intermediate intoxication on the body or on the scene. This article aims to outline the importance of performing a multidisciplinary approach that includes an accurate crime scene investigation and a proper toxicological assessment, to evaluate the cause of death in cases of suspected CO inhalation suicide. The crime scene investigation together with the very high levels of HbCO saturation detected, suggest a possible correlation between time of exposure, source of CO, and saturation levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54368820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worsening of chorea during smoking cessation therapy with cytisine: A case report","authors":"Sarah Vecchio,&nbsp;Sonya Maugeri,&nbsp;Luciana Orso,&nbsp;Lorenzo Somaini","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cytisine is an effective, inexpensive, affordable, and well-tolerated drug for smoking cessation treatment, and it has been used for many years in some parts of the world. Recent studies confirm its significance in anti-smoking efficacy with no serious safety signals or expected drug interactions. We present a case of a 62-year-old patient with a history of choreic syndrome on tetrabenazine therapy who experienced worsening neurological symptoms during smoking cessation therapy with cytisine. It is conceivable that cytisine therapy could reduce the desensitization of α6β2 nAChR and increase dopamine release, worsening the chorea. The present case report may help bring attention to some not yet described interactions of cytisine in humans, and the role of the drug in people with tobacco addiction and underlying neurological conditions. Clinicians should be aware of possible interactions between cytisine and other drugs or pathological conditions in which the same neurotransmitter pathways are involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54369293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) via the YouTube data tool: A novel netnographic analysis","authors":"Elisabeth Prevete ,&nbsp;Aleksi Hupli ,&nbsp;Shanna Marrinan ,&nbsp;Darshan Singh ,&nbsp;Bruno D’ Udine ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bersani ,&nbsp;Kim P.C. Kuypers ,&nbsp;Johannes G. Ramaekers ,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kratom (<em>Mitragyna speciosa</em>) is a tree native to Southeast Asia with long history of traditional medicinal use. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of self-reported experiences as shared on YouTube™ videos. A total of 500 videos with 19,478,180 views and 134,863 comments emerged as result from the data scrape extracted via the YouTube Data Tool. 12 out of the 16 most viewed videos were manually processed and selected for inductive thematic analysis. Kratom was used to self-medicate a number of health conditions, including opioid dependence/addiction (83.4%), pain (75%), anxiety (67%), depression (42%), substance use (42%) as well as to boost energy (50%), elevate mood (25%) and its nootropic effects (25%). Although most of the described experiences were positive (58%), side-effects, such as dependence and withdrawal (50%), nausea (42%), loss of appetite (25%), sedation (25%), loss of motivation (16.7%), were also reported. These were associated in the 25% of the cases with chronic ingestions. Overall, it was found that Kratom was mainly used for self-medication, rather than recreational purposes, justifying the need for further clinical studies to better assess the safety and the efficacy of its use in a therapeutic context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher methadone dose reduces risky drug injecting behaviours among methadone clients in Myanmar","authors":"Sun Tun ,&nbsp;B. Vicknasingam ,&nbsp;Darshan Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>HIV prevalence rate among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Myanmar is marginally high (34.9%). HIV transmission can be reduced and prevented through harm reduction programs such as methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and needle syringe exchange program (NSEP). We sought to determine the relationship between methadone dose and injecting behaviours among clients enrolled in the MMT program in Myanmar.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A total of 210 MMT clients, who had a minimum of six-month methadone treatment history, were recruited from five cities through stratified random sampling for this cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire with the timeline flow back (TLFB) scale was administered. Respondents were also screened for illicit drug use.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Almost two-thirds (63.5%, n=132) received less than or equal to 80mg/day of methadone dose, and 36.5% (n=76) received more than 80mg of methadone daily, while the sample average daily methadone dose in this study was 83mg (ranging from 20mg to 300mg per day). The results indicated that methadone dose was associated with having HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis (TB) treatment history, heroin injection history in the last 30 days, needle sharing history, addiction severity on employment, as well as THC (cannabis) and benzodiazepine use history (p&lt;0.05). In addition, those who received a high methadone dose (more than 80mg/day) reduced their heroin injection use by 4 times compared to heroin injection frequency of respondents on low methadone dose (injection IRR=0.0029 vs. 0.0118, p=0.0000). Meanwhile, those who had HIV on high methadone dose were 2.6 times more likely to report reduction in risky injecting behaviours compared to low methadone dose.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A higher dose of methadone on prescription (more than 80mg/day) seems to reduce risky HIV injecting behaviours among both HIV negative and positive clients in MMT programs in Myanmar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54368857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image enhancing drugs: A narrative review on the motivational risk factors influencing skin lightening use","authors":"Alaa Al-Sarraf ,&nbsp;Anthony Bewley ,&nbsp;Ilaria De Luca ,&nbsp;Mariya Prilutskaya ,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In societies that place a great emphasis on physical appearance and body aestheticism, the use of image enhancing drugs (IEDs) has become increasingly widespread. Of particular concern is the use of skin lightening drugs, which might contain undisclosed and harmful ingredients of potential adulterated nature. These products are frequently advertised on social media platforms and elsewhere and used without medical consultation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An explorative literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINHAL, and ProQuest to better understand the motivational risk factors associated with skin lightening and assess their relation to body image, self-esteem, and other psychological disorders. All studies published until December 2020 were included in the review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A number of non-psychological factors can be associated with this practice. These include: (a) sociocultural i.e., achieve different social and cultural benefits, and (b) skin conditions such as hyperpigmentation lesions. Conversely, psychological factors can be correlated to (a) low self-esteem, (b) body image disturbances, and (c) other psychological factors like history of trauma and depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Skin lightening remains a poorly studied and understood multifactorial phenomenon. More extensive research is needed to improve current clinical practice and raise public awareness on this dangerous practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of hepatitis C virus prevalence and incidence among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in England","authors":"Sarah Savić-Kallesøe ,&nbsp;David Palma Díaz ,&nbsp;Andres Roman-Urrestarazu","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of hepatitis C, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. It is treatable with directing acting antivrials (DAAs), yet still accounts for over 580,000 global deaths annually. Due to the nature of transmission and particular risk factors, men living with HIV who have sex with other men (HIV+ MSM) are disportionately burdened. Whilst HCV is a statutorily notifiable disaease in England and a virtually complete registry exists, data specific to MSM are not captured, leaving gaps in our knowledge of HCV trends among HIV+ MSM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This paper aims to investigate the HCV prevalence and incidence among HIV+ MSM in England through a systematic review of academic literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The systematic review resulted in six articles. Evidence suggests that incidence has generally risen between 2002-2015 and declined between 2015-2018, which may be attributed to the introduction of DAAs. The range of reported prevalences varied from 2.2%-9.9% , the most recent estimate being 4.24% in 2018.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review's deficiency is the non-existent record of behavioural risk factors across the studies. Most studies recruited HIV+ MSM from HIV clinics, an arguably robust sampling method considering that 90% of those living with HIV in England are engaged in care at an HIV clinic. The gaps in the academic literature and national surveillance for HCV among HIV+ MSM demonstrate this group to be disproportionately under-studied. National surveillance ought to record HCV cases and risk factors specific to HIV+ MSM to better inform interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dangerous use of inhalants among teens: A case report","authors":"Ermelinda Levari ,&nbsp;Martina Stefani ,&nbsp;Roberta Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Attilio Negri ,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recreational use of inhalants among teenagers and other vulnerable individuals is a growing cause of concern for clinicians. Products, such as computer dusters and spray cleaners containing highly toxic compounds, are being used to obtain immediate euphoric effects with significant health risks. In this article we provide an overview of this new drug trend and present a case report of a 14-year-old girl, who was admitted at our Addiction Treatment Unit (Ser.D) in Trento (Italy) after inhalant use. The lack of literature in the field suggests the need for further investigations on such hazardous practices and more targeted prevention approaches aimed at informing adolescents, parents and clinicians working with them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The market of sport supplement in the digital era: A netnographic analysis of perceived risks, side-effects and other safety issues","authors":"Valeria Catalani ,&nbsp;Attilio Negri ,&nbsp;Honor Townshend ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Simonato ,&nbsp;Mariya Prilutskaya ,&nbsp;Anna Tippett ,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The market of sport supplements is expanding worldwide. Such phenomenon is often supported by captivating marketing strategies and social media advertising providing unscientifically founded claims, thus raising safety concerns. The aim of our study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the online market, patterns of use, perceived risks and other safety issues on supplement use as reported in online fitness communities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A mixed method approach was employed. An automatized web-based monitoring tool (Brand24®) was used to track the most popular supplements and related discussions according to the number of interactions between users and shares; the number and category of websites; the social media reach; and the most popular hashtags. Results were assessed through a netnographic qualitative analysis of online fitness fora, to identify motivations of intake, self-reported side effects andthe overall safety perception reliability of supplements information online.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A social media reach of over four million individuals, inclusive of 18595 posts, emerged from our search. The most cited supplements were “Whey Protein”, “Branched Chain Amino-Acid”, “Creatine”, “Multivitamin supplements” and “Nitric Oxide boosters”. Supplements were mainly taken for muscle gain (23%), increase energy (17%), and weight loss (8%). Although the web narrative on supplementation was overall positive, a wide range of side effects were reported by 19% of fitness fora users. These included acne (9%), water retention (9%), stomach pain (9%), rashes (7%), erectile dysfunctions (7%) and weight gain (5%). Concerns about contamination (47%), counterfeit content (17%) and the presence of hidden ingredients (11%) were also recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In a poorly regulated context, where unsolicited social media posts have replaced the typical advice provided by professionals, efforts should be made to ensure the reliability of the provided information to avoid the insurgence of unwanted adverse effects and safeguard public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which comes first? New insights on comorbidity between eating disorders and bipolar disorders","authors":"Ambra Craba,&nbsp;Marianna Mazza,&nbsp;Giuseppe Marano,&nbsp;Lucio Rinaldi,&nbsp;Gabriele Sani,&nbsp;Luigi Janiri","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Bipolar disorders (BDs) and eating disorders (EDs) are both common and severe mental illness and present wide areas of symptomatological overlap. The present study aims to focus on the most significant aspects of this comorbidity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review summarizes epidemiology, aethiopathology, prognostic impact, assessment, treatment of comorbidity between BDs and EDs, and comorbidity between bipolar or eating disorders and other psychiatric disorders. We have reviewed articles published in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect from 2005 to 2020 concerning comorbidity between eating and bipolar disorders, and systematic reviews or metanalysis on comorbidities between EDs or BDs and other psychiatric disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Studies that specifically evaluate the prevalence of EDs in patients with bipolar disorder are more than the studies that investigate the opposite. In BDs, binge eating disorder (BED) represents the most common eating disorder with a prevalence ranging from 8,8% to 28,8%, whereas BN has a prevalence ranging from 4,8% to 10%, and AN from 1% to 7,4%. Instead, in ED patients, prevalence of bipolar disorders ranges from 11,5% to 68.1%.</p><p>The relationship between EDs and BDs has not been yet investigated enough and consequently has not been totally understood. The presence of EDs has been considered as a marker of clinical severity in patients with bipolar disorders, whereas the presence of bipolar disorder in patients with EDs seems not to have a considerable effect on the age at onset of ED symptoms and on their severity. Comorbidities between EDs or BDs and other psychiatric disorders were also examined.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Given the strong co-occurrence of eating and bipolar disorder, the treatment for one of these should consider that the other one may co-exist, and therefore should focus on both of them. In patients suffering from one of these disorders, the early screening for the other one should be made. As for pharmacological treatment, it is mandatory to consider that pharmacological treatment effective for one of the two disorders could worsen symptoms of the other, for instance many psychotropic medications could cause weight gain. Further studies are needed to reach an early diagnosis through the development of screening tools, and to deepen aspects of this comorbidity that remain still unknown with particular regard to pharmacological treatment and to biopsychological aspects that might be useful in determining the aetiopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}