Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health最新文献

{"title":"Motives and Perceptions of Cannabis Use among a Sample of Employed Graduates in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Neshalatha Govarthnapany ,&nbsp;Darshan Singh ,&nbsp;Suresh Narayanan ,&nbsp;Balasingam Vicknasingam","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cannabis use is criminalized in Malaysia under existing drug laws, despite the prevailing contrasting views towards cannabis regulation. We sought to determine the motives for using cannabis, perceptions regarding the risks of using it, and the legal ramifications related to its use among employed graduates in Malaysia.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Twenty-three employed graduates were recruited through snow-ball sampling for this qualitative study. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed based on the respondents’ testimonies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The majority were females (52%, n=12/23), and Malay (57%, n=13/23). Nearly 87% (n=20/23) were single (including one divorcee). The respondents’ mean age was 30.9 years (SD=5.2), and the mean age at which cannabis was first used was 20.5 years (SD=3.1). The majority used cannabis for recreational (60%, n=16/23), and medicinal (30%) purposes. Cannabis use was associated with perceived positive effects and the belief that it is a safe substance. It was also regarded to be safer than conventional pharmacotherapy in treating self-disclosed psychological symptoms. The few who wanted but had difficulty abstaining from cannabis use avoided seeking treatment due to the fear of prejudice from treatment providers. Users also felt that drug laws are being applied unevenly to favour the well-connected. In general, users want a more liberalized approach to cannabis use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of cannabis among educated, employed individuals persists because they remain functional and appear to be unharmed by extended use. They are either unconcerned or unaware of the negative side of cannabis use. Making them aware of the negatives in an intelligent and fact-based manner will help them make informed decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New psychoactive substances in Nigeria: A call for more research in Africa","authors":"Emeka W. Dumbili ,&nbsp;Ikenna D. Ebuenyi ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Ugoeze","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Media reports indicate that New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) is widespread in Nigeria and Africa, but little empirical research has been conducted on this. Also, contemporary studies on NPS have focused on Global North, precluding Africa. This may not be unrelated to the ‘non-classical packaging’ of NPS in homemade herbal mixtures and drug cocktails in the continent. This mini-review highlights the types of non-classical NPS available in Nigeria and calls for comprehensive and coordinated research that will map onto the availability, types, patterns, and motives for taking NPS among Nigerians to be conducted. This will facilitate the design of evidence-based harm reduction strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by NPS. Various substances that are packaged in non-classical forms and used ‘to get high’ are readily available. Some users take <em>Gutter-Water</em> (a cocktail of tramadol, cannabis, codeine, and vodka) and <em>Monkey-Tail</em> (a cocktail of homemade gin, cannabis seeds, leaves, stems, and roots) while others use ‘La Casera Apple Drink’ (carbonated soft drink) mixed with ‘Tom-Tom’ (menthol-flavoured candy). Other available non-conventional substances include smoking the whitish part of lizard dung or dry human faeces, dry cassava and pawpaw leaf/seeds, Zakami (<em>Datura metel)</em> seeds, Moringa (Zogale) leaf and inhaling/sniffing burnt tyres, hydrogen sulphide gas (sewer gas) and nail polish. Furthermore, we found that some people drink a mixture of bleach (sodium hypochlorite solution) and carbonated soft drinks and 10-day old urine as psychoactive substances. The motivations for the use of these substances include pleasure and prolonged intoxication. Studies should be conducted in all the regions of Nigeria and Africa to determine the availability, types, and extent to which NPS and other non-classical substances are available and used. This will facilitate the inclusion of these NPS to the World Drug Report and help in designing public health interventions in these settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of fentanyl and synthetic opioids prevalence among addiction patients by means of hair analysis","authors":"Alberto Salomone ,&nbsp;Ermelinda Levari ,&nbsp;Andrea Lotti ,&nbsp;Marinella Frenguelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Longo ,&nbsp;Massimo Gottardi ,&nbsp;Giovanni Michele Marchio ,&nbsp;Martina Stefani ,&nbsp;Roberta Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Attilio Negri ,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although the diffusion of novel synthetic opioids has become a worldwide phenomenon, their prevalence of use in Italy seems to be limited. Existing national data is mainly derived by anamnestic surveyslacking of toxicological validation and not always disclosing the use of these compounds, which might remain under-diagnosed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>an assessment of the metabolites of the main synthetic opioids on hair samples was carried out among patients admitted at the Addiction Treatment Unit of Trento. The analytical approach included: (a) screening by means of immunoenzymatic method for fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and oxicodone; (b) confirmation of the samples resulted positive for fentanyl and oxicodone by means of HPLC-MS/; (c) search and dosage detection of Tramadol by means of HPLC-MS/MS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3 out of 309 analysed samples were found positive: one was positive to Fentanyl and two to 4-ANPP. In the same cohort, 6 samples were also found positive for Oxycodone . Tramadol was searched in 189 samples and 12 of them resulted positive.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><p>Those found positive were mainly young adults engaging in dangerous patterns of use and lacking awareness of risks. The phenomenon requires further consideration by health professionals. Training and more evidence-based information on synthetic opioids as well as other Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are urgently needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The dangerous use of inhalants among teens:","authors":"E. Levari, Martina Stefani, Roberta Ferrucci, Attilio Negri, O. Corazza","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2022.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2022.100036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54368932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘An unusual suicide by carbon monoxide intoxication: 91% HbCO saturation in a sealed setting’ [Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health Volume 1, 2021, 100021]","authors":"D. Ferorelli, G. Mandarelli, L. Spagnolo, F. Misceo, G. Strisciullo, Lorenzo Polo, B. Solarino, A. Dell'Erba","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2022.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2022.100035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54368916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}