Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health最新文献

{"title":"Pathological gambling among students at the Joseph KI-ZERBO University in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: prevalence and associated factors","authors":"Boubacar BAGUE ,&nbsp;Zeinabou CISSE ,&nbsp;Konsam Cédric Christel SAWADOGO ,&nbsp;Zoulkarnéini Cheick ZAN ,&nbsp;Mahamane Mobarak SALIFOU ABDOU ,&nbsp;DOGA Azize ,&nbsp;Kady Tissalogo ,&nbsp;Kapouné KARFO","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pathological gambling, recognised as an addictive disorder, is increasingly affecting young people. Given the lack of data in Burkina Faso, this study explores its prevalence and associated factors among students at Joseph KI-ZERBO University, in order to better guide preventive action.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from September 2024 to March 2025, with data collection from January 14 to 22, 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 439 students were included in our study. We found that 25.1% of students gambled. The average age of gambling students was 23.7 years. The prevalence of pathological gambling among UJKZ students was 30%, and 48.2% of students had a moderate risk of pathological gambling. We found that age, gender and religion were not significantly associated with pathological gambling among UJKZ students. However, family history of pathological gambling, initiation to gambling through the media and daily gambling were significantly associated with pathological gambling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights the extent of pathological gambling and the factors that might influence it. It is therefore necessary to implement collective and targeted preventive strategies to limit the spread of pathological gambling among this vulnerable population, i.e. students. It will also be important to conduct further research to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these behaviours, as well as their academic and social impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing cardiovascular risks in Internet-addicted adults: A case-control analysis","authors":"Ramin Khameneh Bagheri ,&nbsp;Alireza Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Vahid Reza Askari ,&nbsp;Mohsen Moohebati ,&nbsp;Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mansouripour ,&nbsp;Mona Kabiri ,&nbsp;Vafa Baradaran Rahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in adults addicted to the Internet and compare them to controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present case-control study was conducted on 780 individuals randomly selected from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders Study (MASHAD study). Addiction to the Internet was determined by the self-administered Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Participants with IAT scores &gt;30 and lower than 30 were recruited to the Internet-addicted and control group, respectively. Demographic risk factors and laboratory findings were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We evaluated 780 participants, 191 with Internet addiction and 589 in the control group. The median age was 53 (9.0), and 61.2 % of participants were female. The Internet-addicted group was remarkably younger than the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). We found remarkable differences in job status (<em>P</em> = 0.002) and history of hypertension (<em>P</em> = 0.029) between the two groups. Furthermore, moderate Internet addiction individuals were younger (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and had significantly higher cholesterol levels than the mild group (<em>P</em> = 0.045). Internet addiction scores correlated remarkably with age (<em>r</em>= -0.025, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), history of hypertension (<em>r</em> = 0.086, <em>P</em> = 0.016), history of cardiovascular diseases (<em>r</em> = 0.079, <em>P</em> = 0.026), and job status (<em>r</em>= -0.135, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In addition, linear regression supported that Internet addiction score is markedly associated with age (<em>B</em>= -0.35, 95 % CI: -0.46, -0.24; standard error= 0.055, and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Internet addiction may be considered a potentially dangerous factor for health, especially in younger adults. Therefore, focusing on educational planning about the negative effects of excessive Internet use, as well as monitoring and controlling its use, seems necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Methods for Detection of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) in Athletes","authors":"S. Khelifi,&nbsp;M. Al-Jaber,&nbsp;R. Kamal,&nbsp;K. Al-Kuwari,&nbsp;V. Mohamed-Ali,&nbsp;M. Al-Maadheed","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is increasing evidence for the association between substance use disorders and mental health disorders in athletes. New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) pose an additional challenge, especially those prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and difficult to detect due to their rapidly evolving chemical structures and limited availability of reference standards. This project aims to develop and validate sensitive analytical methods for detecting selected NPS identified by local institutions in Qatar and investigate their presence in 500 samples destined for discard following routine analysis for known dopants at ADLQ.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated targeting NPS observed in Qatar. Development included optimizing sample preparation protocols (dilute and shoot, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction) and mass spectrometric parameters. Validation was conducted following guidelines established by WADA and the International Standard for Laboratories (ISL), assessing selectivity, detection and identification limits, carry-over, recovery, and matrix effects. Retrospective analyses are being performed on previously negative urine samples from consenting athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This research will establish validated analytical methods for NPS detection and generate the first comprehensive prevalence data for NPS use among athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study addresses a gap in anti-doping research and supports global understanding of NPS in sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Drug Market in Poland After the Introduction of Generic Legislation for the Control of NPS","authors":"B. Byrska","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In Poland, psychoactive substances are controlled under the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction, which schedules traditional narcotics and psychotropics. The rise of new psychoactive substances (NPS) led to the introduction of generic legislation in 2018, allowing regulation of entire chemical groups based on structural and pharmacological similarity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The results of analyses of samples submitted to the Institute of Forensic Research in Krakow between 2018 and 2025 were examined. GC-MS, UHPLC-PDA and LC-QTOF/MS were used to identify and quantify psychoactive substances.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In recent years, 3-CMC and 4-CMC have been the most popular substances. In 2024, many numbers of samples containing mephedrone were also seized. Recently, the emergence of a new cathinone derivative – NEP has been observed. Semi-synthetic cannabinoids first appeared in 2022, followed by a marked increase in their prevalence and popularity among users in 2023 and 2024. Besides NPS, a significant number of seized samples contained amphetamine and MDMA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Since 2018, the number of identified NPS has declined, with users returning to classical substances like amphetamine and MDMA. However, semi-synthetic cannabinoids may represent a new wave of NPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic Effects of 3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) in Healthy Volunteers","authors":"E. Theunissen,&nbsp;J. Reckweg,&nbsp;N. Mason,&nbsp;K. Kuypers,&nbsp;S. Toennes,&nbsp;J. Ramaekers","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a synthetic cathinone that has been banned in many countries after emerging as a “legal high”. Although synthetic cathinones currently lack approved medical applications, cathinone and other compounds structurally related to amphetamine have previously demonstrated analgesic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluated the analgesic effects of low to moderate doses of 3-MMC (25, 50, and 100 mg) in a placebo-controlled, crossover trial involving 14 healthy volunteers. Participants were exposed to experimental pain using pressure pain threshold (PPT) and cold pressor test (CPT) paradigms for up to five hours after dosing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that 3-MMC produced dose-dependent increases in pain threshold and reductions in the subjective experience of pain and unpleasantness. These effects were most pronounced at the 50 and 100 mg doses and remained consistent throughout the 5-hour testing period. Notably, the doses used were low enough to avoid intense psychoactive effects and were associated with a relatively mild side effect profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that 3-MMC may have potential as a pain-relieving agent. Further research is warranted to explore its analgesic properties in clinical populations and to better understand its safety and efficacy in therapeutic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Integrated Drug Early Advisory System (IDEAS) to Collate Drug-Related Data in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"O. Johnson,&nbsp;W. Popplewell,&nbsp;M. Russell,&nbsp;D. Kappatos,&nbsp;M.-J. McCarthy","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) is developing the Integrated Drug Early Advisory System (IDEAS). ESR holds a unique position as the provider of forensic drug analysis for Aotearoa New Zealand, encompassing clandestine laboratory investigations, drug chemistry, toxicology, wastewater analysis, and border interceptions. IDEAS aims to integrate these data streams to detect novel or high-risk substances, monitor drug trends, and provide actionable temporal spatial intelligence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subject matter experts from drug-related teams are collaborating with business intelligence specialists to define system requirements, identify key data sources, and map critical functionalities for real-time alerts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Development is underway to build a unified, searchable repository that enables early detection of harmful substances and supports trend analysis. IDEAS will serve as an essential drug data management tool for ESR and external partners such as the National Drug Intelligence Bureau, Ministry of Health, licenced Drug Checking services, emergency medicine, and the justice system, supporting national harm reduction strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By leveraging real-time laboratory data, IDEAS will enhance Aotearoa New Zealand’s ability to respond rapidly to emerging drug threats. This initiative will strengthen coordination across ESR and empower public health and enforcement agencies to act decisively, improving safety outcomes for communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Binding Affinity of Novel N-Naphthyl-Substituted Phenethylamines as 5-HT2AR Agonists","authors":"E.R.A. Desport","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hundreds of new psychoactive substances (NPS) appear on the legal and illegal drug market each year, with serotonergic phenethylamines, such as 2C-B and derivatives, being some of the most common. Minor, easy-to-perform changes in their chemical structure can drastically change their pharmacology, especially at the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). We therefore explored N-naphthyl substitutions on 2C-X/2C-X-Fly scaffolds for their potential enhanced affinity and bias signaling toward β-arrestin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten analogues (including five not previously described) were synthesised and characterised by ¹H/¹³C NMR, HPLC, GC-MS, HR-MS, and melting point. Affinity for 5-HT2AR was measured in duplicate competitive [³H]-ketanserin binding assays using transfected CHO-K1 membranes; Ki values were calculated with the Cheng–Prusoff equation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>N-naphthylation increased 5-HT2AR affinity by up to ∼600-fold relative to parent compounds. The most potent analogue, 2C-T N-1-Nap, exhibited Ki ≈ 6 nM (pKi = 8.23), comparable to ketanserin. Across the set, 1-naphthyl isomers consistently outperformed their 2-naphthyl counterparts, showing a clear positional effect. Structure–activity analysis suggests a steric clamp in the receptor pocket favoring the 1-orientation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A single N-naphthyl substitution can transform low-potency phenethylamines into high-affinity, potentially β-arrestin-biased 5-HT2AR agonists. While their probable β-arrestin bias necessity further functional assays, it remains unclear how these compounds behave in humans. Nonetheless, they hold great potential for the appearance of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens on the drug market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Sensitive and Specific UV Spectrophotometric Method for Detection and Determination of Diphenhydramine in Urine for Forensic Analysis","authors":"H. Saurabh,&nbsp;L. Gupta,&nbsp;N. Tomar,&nbsp;A. Kumar,&nbsp;K. Goyal,&nbsp;R.K. Sarin","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a first-generation H1-antihistaminic agent that is widely available in the Indian market under the brand name Benadryl. This pharmaceutical compound has been identified as an adulterant in seized samples of cocaine and heroin. Besides adding to the bulk, DPH also enhances the synergistic effects of the heroin. The current research presents a rapid and sensitive methodology for the detection and quantification of DPH in forensic samples, utilizing a UV-Spectrophotometer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The drug was spiked into the urine samples and extracted at a basic pH using ethyl acetate. Various aliquots of the drug, ranging from 100 to 6.25 ppm, were prepared and analysed using a double-beam UV spectrophotometer (Lab India UV 3092).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The presence of DPH was confirmed at ƛmax of 257 nm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Conclusion: The developed method is sensitive, reproducible, rugged, stable (1 week of storage at ambient temperature), and precise (% RSD 1.72). The limit of detection was found to be 0.800 μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was found to be 3.41 μg/mL. The developed method is a rapid tool for the routine analysis of DPH in forensic samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web Outreach and NPS: Expanding Harm Reduction Through Online Engagement in St. Petersburg","authors":"L. Aleksei","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and evolving drug markets in Russia necessitates innovative harm reduction strategies. The St. Petersburg Charitable Fund \"Humanitarian Action\" developed a pioneering web outreach program to engage people who use drugs (PWUD) online, particularly those who are not reached by traditional services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using online platforms, including Darknet forums and Telegram instant messenger, trained outreach workers engaged with PWUD to provide harm reduction information, counseling, and referrals. The project integrated peer-based strategies and maintained anonymity to build trust and accessibility. Data were collected on interactions, reach, and referrals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2020 and 2022, the web outreach team contacted more than 2,000 individuals, with a significant share reporting NPS use. Online communication led to increased uptake of offline harm reduction services and improved knowledge of safer use practices. Engagement with harder-to-reach populations, such as those using synthetic cathinones, was especially notable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Web outreach represents a vital expansion of harm reduction, especially in contexts of repressive drug policies and limited access to health services. The experience of \"Humanitarian Action\" underscores the potential of digital strategies to connect with marginalized PWUD and address emerging drug trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Emergence of New Psychoactive Substances in Brazil (2019–2025): A national survey supporting the Brazilian Early Warning System","authors":"G. Giudice","doi":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etdah.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In recent years, Brazil has seen an increase in the circulation of NPS. While forensic laboratories have reported isolated detections, no comprehensive national survey has been conducted. To address this gap, the Center for Studies on Drugs and Community Social Development (CDESC) launched an online survey targeting focal points from forensic institutions in all Brazilian states. CDESC is a project involving UNODC, the National Secretariat for Drug Policy and Asset Management (SENAD/MJSP), and UNDP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A chemist made the survey design and the form. The data team implemented the form using Google Apps Script with JavaScript, a free and accessible tool for nationwide data collection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the time of submission, data collection is ongoing. So far, 23 laboratories have responded, representing all five Brazilian regions. Only two reported no NPS detections during the period. The others identified a range of substances, highlighting documentation gaps and operational challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This retrospective mapping provides unprecedented insights into NPS presence and diversity, reinforcing the need for coordinated monitoring efforts. The findings directly informed the priorities of the newly established Early Warning System.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72899,"journal":{"name":"Emerging trends in drugs, addictions, and health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}