Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Associations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) indication, HIV risk perception and unwillingness to use PrEP among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, MD","authors":"Tarfa Verinumbe ,&nbsp;Gregory M. Lucas ,&nbsp;Katie Zook ,&nbsp;Brian Weir ,&nbsp;Miles Landry ,&nbsp;Kathleen R. Page ,&nbsp;Susan G. Sherman ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Perceived HIV risk may impact willingness to initiate PrEP among people who inject drugs (PWID).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed baseline data from PrEP eligible PWID in Baltimore, MD. Risk perception was assessed by PWID relative to the average risk of their age group categorized as: higher-than, lower-than, or about average. Participants were informed of PrEP for HIV prevention and asked about their willingness to use daily PrEP. Associations of PrEP indication (categorized as injection risk only vs any sexual risk), perceived HIV risk and non-willingness to use PrEP was assessed using generalized linear models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 489 participants, 61 % were male, 66 % were Black and mean age was 46 years. One-third (35 %) of the participants were aware of PrEP and &lt;1 % had used PrEP in the prior 30 days. Overall, 30 % of PWID reported lower-than-average perceived HIV risk and 18 % reported non-willingness to use PrEP. Participants with injection risk only were more likely (aOR: 2.75; 95 %CI: 1.60 – 4.73) to report having lower-than-average perceived HIV risk compared to those with any sexual risk. Participants with lower-than-average perceived risk were more likely to report non-willingness to use PrEP compared to those with higher perceived risk (adjusted PR: 1.91; 95 %CI: 1.18 – 3.10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A considerable proportion of PWID eligible for PrEP reported having low risk of HIV acquisition despite being eligible for PrEP. Consistent and tailored PrEP messaging that addresses drug use HIV risk perception may be critical to increasing PrEP uptake among PWID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining naloxone access and interest in secondary naloxone distribution on an American Indian Reservation in the Northern Midwest of the United States","authors":"Kristin E. Schneider ,&nbsp;Sean T. Allen ,&nbsp;Allison O’Rourke ,&nbsp;Molly C. Reid ,&nbsp;Maisie Conrad ,&nbsp;Pam Hughes ,&nbsp;Laura Palombi ,&nbsp;Toni Wakemup,&nbsp;Andrea Medley ,&nbsp;Melissa Walls","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Indigenous communities in the United States experience disproportionate rates of overdose morbidity and mortality due to a range of historical traumas and ongoing oppression. Limited health and harm reduction service access on some Tribal lands exacerbate these challenges. To date, little is known about naloxone access on tribal reservation lands.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used cross-sectional survey data from community members on the reservation lands of a northern Midwest Tribe in the United States. We explored the prevalence and correlates of recent (past 6-month) naloxone receipt and interest in secondary naloxone distribution among all participants and people who used drugs (PWUD) recently. Correlates included sociodemographics, cultural identity and spirituality, witnessing overdoses, stigma, and drug use characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 227 Indigenous participants, the average age was 45, 62 % were women, 53 % were single, 29 % were not working, 29 % had experienced recent hunger, and 8 % considered themselves homeless. 91 % said that Indigenous spiritual values were important to them. Sixteen percent had witnessed a recent non-fatal overdose, and 6 % had witnessed a fatal one. Twenty-four percent of the overall sample had recently received naloxone, and 40 % of PWUD had received it. Witnessing both fatal (p&lt;0.001) and nonfatal overdoses (p=0.001) were associated with receiving naloxone. Further, 63 % of participants were willing to distribute naloxone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Innovative strategies to expand naloxone access that are culturally relevant and responsive are needed in Indigenous communities. Cultural connectedness and shared identity are key strengths of Indigenous communities that can potentially be leveraged to implement secondary naloxone distribution programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of future overdose among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland","authors":"Michael P. Ramirez ,&nbsp;Gregory M. Lucas ,&nbsp;Kathleen R. Page ,&nbsp;Katie Zook ,&nbsp;Miles Landry ,&nbsp;Amanda Rosecrans ,&nbsp;Robert Harris ,&nbsp;Suzanne M. Grieb ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia ,&nbsp;William Clarke ,&nbsp;Susan G. Sherman ,&nbsp;Brian W. Weir","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Longitudinal studies of future overdose risk among people who inject drugs (PWID) are needed to inform planning of targeted overdose preventions in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Integrating Services to Improve Treatment and Engagement (INSITE) study followed 720 PWID between June 2018 and August 2019 to evaluate the delivery of mobilized healthcare services in Baltimore, Maryland. The present analyses used logistic regression to identify baseline characteristics predictive of non-fatal or fatal overdose during the 6-month follow-up among 507 participants with overdose information. Non-fatal overdoses were self-reported and fatal overdoses were identified through the National Death Index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, 121 (23 %) reported an overdose in the prior 6 months. Between baseline and follow-up, 66 (13 %) participants reported a non-fatal overdose and 6 (1 %) experienced a fatal overdose. Overdose during follow-up was positively associated with overdose in the 6 months prior to baseline (6.70 aOR; 95 % CI: 3.51, 12.78) and more than 6 months prior to baseline (2.49 aOR; 95 % CI: 1.52, 4.08) versus no prior overdose. Overdose during follow-up was also positively associated with buprenorphine treatment (2.37 aOR; CI: 1.08, 5.21) and negatively associated with non-prescribed methadone at baseline (0.59 aOR; 0.38, 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Identifying and intervening with PWID who experienced a recent overdose could reduce short-term elevated risk of future overdose. However, as other PWID reported never experiencing an overdose at baseline nonetheless experienced an overdose during follow-up, targeted approaches should be complemented with population-level interventions. Overdose risk implications of buprenorphine treatment and non-prescribed methadone are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 vaccination status and beliefs of individuals with co-occurring serious mental illness and alcohol use disorder","authors":"Mohammad Keshtkar ,&nbsp;Diana Tyutyunnyk ,&nbsp;Paige King ,&nbsp;Katharine Palmer ,&nbsp;Mariah Brigman ,&nbsp;Julianne D. Jett ,&nbsp;Rachael Beck ,&nbsp;Sara C. Parent ,&nbsp;Richard Ries ,&nbsp;Sterling M. McPherson ,&nbsp;Naomi S. Chaytor ,&nbsp;John M. Roll ,&nbsp;Douglas L. Weeks ,&nbsp;Michael G. McDonell","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study objective was to determine factors associated with obtaining COVID-19 vaccination in people with co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) and serious mental illness (SMI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Survey responses were obtained from 135 adults with SMI seeking community-based AUD treatment about their primary series vaccination status, COVID-19 preventative practices, vaccination motivators, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and strategies to increase vaccination uptake. Vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were compared. Responses to survey items with nominal or Likert scales were analyzed with chi-square tests of association. Logistic regression was employed to determine predictors of vaccine status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy-nine percent (n=107) of participants reported they were vaccinated. A higher proportion of vaccinated participants believed COVID-19 was a serious disease. While both groups adopted preventative hygiene practices at similar rates (e.g., washing hands), vaccinated participants engaged in more interpersonal practices directly involving others (e.g., wearing masks and avoiding crowds). The strongest vaccine motivator was protecting personal health, while the primary reason for hesitancy was potential side effects. Most unvaccinated participants endorsed increased safety information availability (61.1 %) and living with a high-risk-for-severe-infection individual (55.6 %) as reasons to overcome hesitancy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vaccination rates, motivators, and hesitancy reasons were similar to the general United States population. Strategies to increase vaccination in this high-risk population should include education on vaccine safety and side effects and the impacts of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses on others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal cannabis exposure in the clinic and laboratory: What do we know and where do we need to go?","authors":"Lani Cupo ,&nbsp;Karen A. Dominguez-Cancino ,&nbsp;José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz ,&nbsp;M. Mallar Chakravarty","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coincident with the legalisation of cannabis in many nations, rates of cannabis use during pregnancy have increased. Like prior investigations on smoking and alcohol, understanding how prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) impacts offspring outcomes across the lifespan will be critical for informing choices for pregnant people, clinicians, and policy makers alike. A thorough characterization of the life-long impacts is especially urgent for supporting all of these stakeholders in the decision-making process. While studies in humans bring forth the most direct information, it can be difficult to parse the impact of PCE from confounding variables. Laboratory studies in animal models can provide experimental designs that allow for causal inferences to be drawn, however there can be challenges in designing experiments with external validity in mirroring real-world exposure, as well as challenges translating results from the laboratory back to the clinic. In this literature review, we first highlight what is known about patterns of cannabis use during pregnancy. We then seek to lay out updates to the current understanding of the impact of PCE on offspring development informed by both human and nonhuman animal experiments. Finally we highlight opportunities for information exchange among the laboratory, clinic, and policy, identifying gaps to be filled by future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How substance use preferences and practices relate to fentanyl exposure among people who use drugs in Rhode Island, USA","authors":"Leah C. Shaw ,&nbsp;Katie B. Biello ,&nbsp;Jane A. Buxton ,&nbsp;Jacqueline E. Goldman ,&nbsp;Scott E. Hadland ,&nbsp;Susan G. Sherman ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Alexandria Macmadu ,&nbsp;Brandon D.L. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Over 107,000 people died in the United States (U.S.) from drug overdose in 2022, with over one million overdose deaths since 1999. The U.S. drug market is characterized by a highly toxic, unregulated, and rapidly changing supply. Understanding the extent of exposure to fentanyl among people who use drugs (PWUD) will guide public health interventions aimed to decrease overdose.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We utilized baseline data from the Rhode Island Prescription and Illicit Drug Study, a randomized controlled trial of harm reduction-oriented interventions for PWUD in Rhode Island from 2020 to 2023. We evaluated sociodemographic and drug use-related covariates and examined fentanyl presence in urine drug testing (UDT). We built a classification and regression tree (CART) model to identify subpopulations with the highest likelihood of fentanyl presence in UDT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 446 participants, those with fentanyl present in UDT tended to be younger, non-Hispanic white, and had recently injected drugs (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05 for all). The CART analysis demonstrated a large variation in sample sub-groups’ likelihood of fentanyl presence in UDT, from an estimated probability of 0.09 to 0.90. Expected recent fentanyl exposure was the most important predictor of fentanyl in UDT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Univariate analyses and CART modeling showed substantial variation in the presence of fentanyl in UDT among PWUD. Harm reduction services for people actively injecting drugs and drug checking programs based on capacity-building, empowerment, and targeted towards those not yet engaged in services are urgently needed to support PWUD in navigating the current volatile drug supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000647/pdfft?md5=cee48821cca3b11f8a75f4a762818160&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk use of prescription opioids among patients treated for alcohol problems in New York State. A repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2018","authors":"Tzu-Yin Kuo ,&nbsp;Chi-Hua Lu ,&nbsp;Zackary Falls ,&nbsp;Gail Jette ,&nbsp;Walter Gibson ,&nbsp;Peter L. Elkin ,&nbsp;Kenneth E. Leonard ,&nbsp;Edward M. Bednarczyk ,&nbsp;David M. Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and high-risk opioid use are at risk of serious complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with high-risk opioid use in patients with an alcohol use problem from 2005 to 2018.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed data from first admissions for alcohol treatment (2005–2018) to the NYS Office of Addiction Services and Supports merged with Medicaid Claims Data. High-risk opioid use was defined as opioid dose ≥50 morphine mg equivalents (MME) per day; opioid prescriptions overlapping ≥7 days; opioids for chronic pain &gt;90 days or opioids for acute pain &gt;7 days.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients receiving ≥50 MME increased from 690 to 3226 from 2005 to 2010; then decreased to 2330 in 2018. From 2005–2011, patients with opioid prescriptions overlapping ≥7 days increased from 226 to 1594 then decreased to 892 in 2018. From 2005–2010, opioid use &gt;7 days for acute pain increased from 133 to 970 and plateaued after 2010. From 2005–2018, patients who received opioids &gt;90 days for chronic pain trended from 186 to 1655. White patients, females, age 36–55, patients with chronic and acute pain diagnoses had the highest rates of high-risk use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prevalence of high-risk opioid use in patients with alcohol use problems increased from 2005 to 2011, and generally decreased after 2010. However, prevalence of opioids &gt;90 days for chronic pain trended up from 2005 to 2018. High-risk opioid use among patients with AUD emphasizes the need to develop interventional strategies to improve patient care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000623/pdfft?md5=aa208a02fe548f757344954bdfaaecfc&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on MOUD retention in a sample of rural primary care patients: A secondary analysis of electronic health records","authors":"Stacy Calhoun ,&nbsp;Huiying Guo ,&nbsp;Zhe Fei ,&nbsp;Chunqing Lin ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Clingan ,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Larissa J. Mooney ,&nbsp;Yih-Ing Hser","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>There is limited research examining factors impacting MOUD retention in rural settings, especially within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using electronic health records data collected as part of a NIDA Clinical Trials Network study (CTN-0102), this study explored how the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted MOUD retention in a sample of 563 rural primary care patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cox regression model was applied to examine if COVID-19 was related to treatment retention, controlling for demographics, clinic, insurance type, and other diagnoses. The independent variable was the number of days between the patient’s first MOUD prescription date during the pre-COVID observation period (10/1/2019–3/13/2020) and the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dependent variable was retention on MOUD, defined as the time from the first MOUD prescription documented during the pre-COVID observation period to the first break in consecutive MOUD prescriptions (right censored at 180 days).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings demonstrated that there was a reduced risk of a prescription break for every 10-day increase in the time from the first documented MOUD prescription to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (HR = 0.96, 95 % CI = 0.92–0.99; <em>p</em> = 0.011).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While the data did not include complete treatment histories to determine who was new to MOUD treatment, the findings suggest that patients whose first documented MOUD prescription in the dataset was closer to the onset of the pandemic had a greater likelihood of experiencing retention challenges. This underscores the importance for clinics to establish comprehensive contingency plans for future emergencies to ensure uninterrupted MOUD treatment and support, particularly for individuals in the early stabilization phase of their recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277272462400060X/pdfft?md5=598f3721d84bf71bc517a95b2657abdc&pid=1-s2.0-S277272462400060X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","authors":"Emily Pasman ,&nbsp;Lisa Blair ,&nbsp;Marvin A. Solberg ,&nbsp;Sean Esteban McCabe ,&nbsp;Ty Schepis ,&nbsp;Stella M. Resko","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Substance use and substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among college students. Information about the gap between substance use treatment need versus treatment receipt can guide efforts to increase service access. This study examined past-year DSM-5 SUD and receipt of treatment among US college students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Past-year DSM-5 SUD and treatment receipt were estimated among a sample of 6115 college students aged 16 and older and a comparison group of non-students from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, weighted to be nationally representative. Among the college student sample, multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with past-year SUD. Bivariate analyses were used to compare socio-demographic and substance use differences between college students who received treatment and those who had an SUD but did not receive treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Weighted prevalence of past-year SUD among college students was 21.8 %. Only 4.6 % of students who had an SUD received treatment in any setting. Relative to non-students with SUD, proportionately fewer college students with SUD received treatment. Among college students, age, sex, past-year psychological distress, and past-year substance use were significantly associated with past-year SUD; and receipt of treatment differed significantly by age, insurance type, level of education, and enrollment status. College students who received treatment had greater prevalence of stimulant, opioid, tranquilizer, and poly-SUDs and more severe SUD symptomology than those who did not receive treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Additional efforts are needed to engage college students with SUDs in acceptable, evidence-based treatment services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000635/pdfft?md5=1ea92bfa926074e0816d71b3492e1a1a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the landscape of state Tobacco 21 laws: Key components, research challenges, and future directions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To understand the impact of laws raising minimum legal sales age for tobacco products to age 21, researchers and policymakers need to recognize how recommended policy components vary across states. This paper identified and reviewed policy components across 43 jurisdictions that have enacted Tobacco 21 (T21) laws since 2015.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using NexisUni’s database of state laws and legislation, we evaluated T21 laws in effect as of January 2024 and assessed for the incorporation of six components recommended in proposed model legislation: 1) age verification; 2) tobacco retailer licensing; 3) provisions to suspend or revoke a license; 4) unannounced inspections; 5) retailer civil or criminal penalties; and 6) provisions that allow for more stringent local laws.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only one state included all six components we reviewed, including limiting penalties to civil fines. All jurisdictions included a provision to change the legal sales age of purchase and 37 imposed requirements on retailers to verify identification. Thirty-eight jurisdictions had licensing programs, but only 31 included license suspension or revocation provisions for underage sales. Twenty-three jurisdictions preempt localities from imposing more stringent requirements. Twenty-five jurisdictions use a mix of civil and criminal or solely criminal penalties and 21 jurisdictions have penalties for underage purchasers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our database of recommended T21 components with effective dates can be merged with other datasets to facilitate policy evaluation. We discuss ways to enhance research and data collection in this area, and recommend that states update MLSA laws to adopt all recommended policy components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000209/pdfft?md5=682022b6a1013384cc6b429290ebeeac&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}