Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献

{"title":"Cannabidiol prescribing in the United States: An analysis of real-world data","authors":"Binx Yezhe Lin ,&nbsp;Chloe Lessard ,&nbsp;Yifan Li ,&nbsp;Lisa Gong ,&nbsp;Ruth Ling ,&nbsp;Pallawi Jyotsana ,&nbsp;Jacob Steinle ,&nbsp;Jacob T. Borodovsky ,&nbsp;Fábio A. Nascimento ,&nbsp;Kevin Y. Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Off-label prescribing of Epidiolex® (pharmaceutical cannabidiol) comes with both potential benefits and risks for patients. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the percentage of people prescribed Epidiolex® who do not have diagnostic indications for Epidiolex® (Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [LGS], Dravet Syndrome [DS], and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex [TSC]) and (2) examine potential co-prescribing of medications that may interact with Epidiolex®.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using TriNetX analytics, a web-based database of de-identified electronic health records spanning &gt;110 million people in the United States, we analyzed 4214 people receiving Epidiolex® in 2022. We computed the number of people prescribed Epidiolex® who did not have diagnoses for LGS, DS, or TSC. We evaluated the prevalence of co-occurring prescriptions that are known to interact with cannabidiol following each individual’s first Epidiolex® prescription.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among individuals receiving Epidiolex®, 40 % did not have FDA-approved diagnostic indications (LGS/DS/TSC) in the medical record. In the overall sample, co-occurring psychotropic prescribing was prevalent, including medications with known interactions with cannabidiol (Clobazam=47.2 %; Diazepam=47.4 %; Clonazepam=40.7 %). Among individuals without LGS/DS/TSC who received Epidiolex®, the most common diagnoses received following the index prescription were unspecified epileptic syndromes (53.8 %), sleep disorders (25.7 %), anxiety disorders (25.9 %), mood disorders (18.6 %) and autism spectrum disorders (10.8 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Off-label prescribing and co-prescription of medications with known interactions with cannabidiol is prevalent. Further research is needed to elucidate longitudinal outcomes associated with off-label Epidiolex® prescribing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol among those who have received alcohol use disorder treatment","authors":"Christiana Prestigiacomo,&nbsp;Lindsey Fisher-Fox,&nbsp;Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has primarily studied reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol use in non-treatment samples. This systematic review aimed to characterize the reasons for quitting and/or reducing alcohol use among those who have received treatment for AUD and examine how reasons endorsed differ across measurement methods used. Articles were identified through PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Thematic coding revealed 21 unique themes in reasons for quitting and/or reducing. Common reasons included physical health issues, misalignment with personal goals, family influence, and social factors—also noted in non-treatment populations. Unique themes like hitting rock bottom and avoiding disapproval were identified, potentially linked to treatment initiation or development. The measurement approach influenced the reasons reported, highlighting the need for standardized methods. Common reasons are fundamental and are not a result of treatment, while others are unique to individuals who have received AUD treatment, which may suggest that they are critical in leading one to seek treatment or may be developed during treatment. Assessing and tailoring treatment based on these reasons may enhance outcomes. Standardizing how we measure reasons for quitting or reducing alcohol is crucial for comparing studies and improving treatment. Future research should evaluate reasons over time, assess their importance at different treatment stages, and use varied assessment strategies for comprehensive insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering opioid slang on social media: A Word2Vec approach with reddit data","authors":"E. Holbrook,&nbsp;B. Wiskur,&nbsp;Z. Nagykaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CDC reported that the overdose of prescription or illicit opioids was responsible for the deaths of over 80,000 Americans in 2021. Social media is a valuable source of insight into problematic patterns of substance misuse. The way people converse with illicit drugs in online forums is highly variable, and slang terms are frequently used. Manually identifying names of specific drugs can be difficult in both time and labor.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and methods</h3><div>The study utilized the Gensim Python library and its Word2Vec neural network model to develop an auto-encoding neural network, enabling the innovative analysis of drug-related discourse downloaded from the Reddit website. The slang terms were then used to qualitatively analyze the topics and categories of drugs discussed on the forum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The inclusion of slang terms facilitated the introduction of 200,000 specific mentions of opioid drugs and that stimulant drugs share a substantial semantic similarity with opioids, a 200 % increase in the number of drug-related terms as compared to using existing datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study advances the academic field with an extended collection of drug-related terms, offering a useful methodology and resource for tackling the opioid crisis with innovative, reduced-time detection and surveillance methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large decrease in syringe distribution following the introduction of fentanyl in King County, Washington","authors":"Sara N. Glick ,&nbsp;Joe Tinsley ,&nbsp;Laura Pritchard Wirkman ,&nbsp;Apoorva Mallya ,&nbsp;Peter Cleary ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Golden ,&nbsp;Thomas Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Syringe services programs (SSPs) serve as key platforms to deliver harm reduction services to people who use drugs (PWUD). Changes in drug supply and drug consumption behaviors, particularly the increasing use of fentanyl through non-injection methods, may impact SSP utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>We collected routine program data from three SSPs in King County, Washington. Trends in the annual number of syringes distributed and client encounters were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis to determine when statistically significant changes in trends in annual totals occurred and annual percent change (APC) during each period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of syringes distributed per year through King County SSPs reached a maximum of 8,733,413 in 2020 and then decreased sharply to 2,482,056 by 2023. Annual syringe distribution totals were stable or increasing during all periods from 1989 to 2020 (APC range: 2.0–35.3 %), and only developed a decreasing trend between 2020 and 2023 (APC=-32.8 %). Total number of SSP client encounters per year was stable between 2010 and 2023 (APC=0.7 %), but an increasing trend in encounters was identified starting in 2008 (APC=4.4 %) at a community-based SSP that distributed safer smoking supplies (pipes).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A precipitous decline in syringe distribution through King County SSPs began in 2020 and continued through 2023, which coincided with increasing availability of fentanyl in the local drug market. Nevertheless, the trends in client encounters highlight that PWUD continued to seek harm reduction services, with preliminary evidence that distribution of safer smoking supplies may increase the number of client visits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The power of lived experience in optimizing US policymakers’ engagement with substance use research: A series of rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials","authors":"Elizabeth C. Long ,&nbsp;Riley Loria ,&nbsp;Jessica Pugel ,&nbsp;Patrick O’Neill ,&nbsp;Camille C. Cioffi ,&nbsp;Charleen Hsuan ,&nbsp;Glenn Sterner ,&nbsp;D. Max Crowley ,&nbsp;J. Taylor Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research can inform policies on substance use/substance use disorders (SU/SUDs), yet there is limited experimental investigation into strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research. This study tested the use of narratives to boost policymakers’ research engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In five rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials, SU/SUD research fact sheets were emailed to US legislative policymakers. We tested the use of narratives on the number of email opens, fact sheet clicks, and replies, relative to control emails without narratives. Narratives described lived experience with SU/SUD or motivations to study SU/SUD. The sender was a person with lived experience who authored the narrative or an author of the fact sheet.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When the narrative was about the sender’s <em>own</em> lived experience (Trial 1), or when the narrative was about the sender's motivations to study SU/SUDs (Trial 2), the fact sheet was clicked more than the control (<em>p</em>=.049; <em>p</em>=.012; respectively). When the narrative was about someone <em>else’s</em> experience (Trials 3 and 4), the email was opened (<em>p’s</em>&lt;.001) and replied to (<em>p’s</em>&lt;.001) less, and the fact sheet was clicked (<em>p’s</em>&lt;.001) less. Lastly, emails with lived experience narratives were replied to more than the control, regardless of sender (fact sheet author: <em>p</em>=.028; narrative author: <em>p</em>=.002; Trial 5), but were opened more if the sender authored the narrative (<em>p</em>&lt;.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research generally increased when the sender was telling their own story. This work highlights the power of people with lived experience and informs strategies for optimizing policymakers’ engagement with SU/SUD research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between social norms and at-risk status for e-cigarette use: A sex-stratified analysis of Texas sixth-grade students","authors":"Sarina A. Attri ,&nbsp;Andrew E. Springer ,&nbsp;Baojiang Chen ,&nbsp;Steven H. Kelder ,&nbsp;Dale S. Mantey","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>E-cigarette use remains high among adolescents, underscoring the need to identify targetable risk factors for intervention. This study examines associations between two social norms constructs (prevalence misperceptions and social acceptability) and at-risk status for e-cigarette use among Texas early adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the CATCH My Breath study, which included n=1032 Texas sixth graders. Students who had ever used or were susceptible to using e-cigarettes were categorized as at-risk for long-term use. Susceptibility was measured using a 3-item index assessing curiosity, intentions, and receptivity to using e-cigarettes. Multi-level logistic regressions assessed associations between social norm constructs and at-risk status for the full and sex-stratified samples. Covariates were race, ethnicity, academics, household/peer tobacco use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 36 % of 6th grade students were at-risk for e-cigarette use. Approximately 49 % of students overestimated peer e-cigarette use (“prevalence misperceptions”), and 43 % believed adolescent e-cigarette use is highly acceptable (“social acceptability”). Controlling for covariates, students with medium (aOR=1.89; 95 %CI=1.35–2.65) and high (aOR=1.98; 95 %CI=1.41–2.78) prevalence misperceptions had greater odds of being at-risk for e-cigarette use than those with low misperceptions. Students reporting medium (aOR=2.50; 95 %CI=1.66–3.76) and high (aOR=4.70; 95 %CI=3.21–6.90) social acceptability had greater odds of being at-risk for e-cigarette use than those reporting low acceptability. This association was stronger for females, relative to males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater prevalence misperceptions and social acceptability were associated with being at-risk for e-cigarette use among this sample of Texas early adolescents. Interventions should consider incorporating these social norms into intervention content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of prescribing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the Inpatient setting","authors":"Ashley Burke ,&nbsp;Nina Vadiei ,&nbsp;Lea Mollon","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are many barriers to prescribing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). This study evaluates the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of inpatient MOUD prescribing at discharge to patients with a diagnosis of opioid use/opioid use disorder (OUD) that developed opioid withdrawal during their hospital stay.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study occurred at three hospitals in Arizona. Patients who developed opioid withdrawal during their hospitalization and had a documented opioid-related disorder between January 1, 2021, and January 1, 2022, were included in the study. Patient-specific factors were evaluated as predictors of MOUD prescribing at hospital discharge using descriptive, multivariate regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 382 encounters were included; 249 had documented OUD (65.2 %), 75 of which were discharged with MOUD (75/249; 30.1 %). Patients with moderate/moderately severe opioid withdrawal had higher odds of being discharged with MOUD compared to those with mild opioid withdrawal (OR 2.87 [1.44–5.69], p=0.003). Patients admitted to the largest hospital in Phoenix had higher odds of being prescribed MOUD compared to the largest hospital in Tucson (OR 8.23 [3.02–22.49], p&lt;0.001), as were patients who underwent a routine discharge compared to patient directed discharges (7.63 [2.35–24.71], p=0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Less than one-third of patients with OUD that developed opioid withdrawal during their hospitalization were prescribed MOUD at discharge. Treatment facility, opioid withdrawal severity, and discharge disposition were predictors of MOUD prescribing. Inpatient health-systems and policymakers may consider these data when developing policies/procedures aimed at increasing MOUD prescribing rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Cigarette switching and financial incentives to promote combustible cigarette cessation among adults accessing shelter services: A pilot study","authors":"Munjireen S. Sifat ,&nbsp;Adam C. Alexander ,&nbsp;Michael S. Businelle ,&nbsp;Summer G. Frank-Pearce ,&nbsp;Laili Kharazi Boozary ,&nbsp;Theodore L. Wagener ,&nbsp;Jasjit S. Ahluwalia ,&nbsp;Darla E. Kendzor","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Smoking prevalence among U.S. adults experiencing homelessness is ≥70 %. Interventions are needed to address persisting tobacco disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults who smoked combustible cigarettes (CC) daily (<em>N</em>=60) were recruited from an urban day shelter and randomly assigned to an e-cigarette switching intervention with or without financial incentives for carbon monoxide (CO)-verified CC abstinence (EC vs. EC+FI). All participants received an e-cigarette device and nicotine pods during the first 4 weeks post-switch; and those in the EC+FI group also received escalating weekly incentives for CC abstinence during the same period. Key follow-ups were conducted at 4- and 8-weeks post-switch.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were predominantly male (75 %), 50 % were racially/ethnically minoritized, with an average age of 48.8 years. Descriptive analyses indicated that CC smoking abstinence rates among EC and EC+FI were 3.3 % vs. 13.3 % at 4 weeks (8.3 % overall) and 10.0 % vs. 13.3 % at 8 weeks (11.7 % overall) in the intent-to-treat analyses (missing considered smoking). Among those who completed follow-ups (51.7 % and 45.0 % at 4- and 8-weeks), CC abstinence rates in EC and EC+FI were 6.3 % vs. 26.7 % at 4 weeks (16.1 % overall) and 21.4 % vs. 30.8 % at 8 weeks (25.9 % overall). EC+FI participants reported fewer days of smoking, more days of e-cigarette use, and greater reductions in CO at 4-week follow-up. Most participants reported a high likelihood of switching to e-cigarettes (67.7 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>E-cigarette switching with financial incentives for CC cessation is a promising approach to tobacco harm reduction among adults accessing shelter services. Refinements are needed to improve engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syndemic conditions associated with hazardous alcohol consumption among sexual minority men in San Francisco","authors":"Thye Peng Ngo ,&nbsp;Taylor Cuffaro ,&nbsp;Glenn-Milo Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC) is prevalent among sexual minority men (SMM). Using syndemic theory, this study aimed to identify the number of syndemic conditions, including their combinations, and their association with HAC among SMM in San Francisco.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 246 SMM who consume alcohol. Syndemic factors included multiple substance use, depressive symptoms, HIV/STI status, and houselessness. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds of HAC associated with increasing syndemic conditions. We further examined which combinations of three syndemic factors were associated with the highest odds for HAC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age was 40.7; participants were predominantly White (33.3 %) and Black/African American (29.7 %) and graduated from high school (92.7 %). The prevalence of HAC increased with the number of syndemic conditions: 13.6 % with none, 30.9 % with one, 51.9 % with two, 65.1 % with three, and 69.2 % with four conditions. A significant log-linear trend was observed, with two syndemic conditions increasing the odds of HAC over fivefold (AOR=5.05, 95 % CI=1.68–15.15), and three and four syndemic conditions increasing the odds by more than eightfold (AOR=8.82, 95 % CI=2.74–28.39; AOR=8.55, 95 % CI=2.26–32.28). The combination of depressive symptoms, HIV/STI status, and houselessness tripled the odds for HAC (OR=3.07, 95 % CI=1.34–7.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HAC was associated with increasing syndemics, and specific conditions (depression, HIV/STI, and houselessness) had the greatest odds of HAC. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive screening and integrated interventions targeting these co-occurring conditions to reduce HAC in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of buprenorphine prescribing and racial disparities among patients with opioid overdose","authors":"Kimberly Y. Chieh ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Walter ,&nbsp;Karen L. Cropsey ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Awareness of the relationship between real-world buprenorphine prescribing and overdose frequency is limited, especially in the Southeastern United States. We described buprenorphine prescribing rates for patients experiencing nonfatal opioid overdoses in the context of overdose frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Electronic medical records review was conducted at an urban, academic hospital in Alabama from January 1 through December 31, 2021. Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and nonfatal opioid overdoses, dispositioned from either the emergency department (ED), inpatient, or outpatient affiliated clinics, were identified by International Classification of Diseases-10 codes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 358 unique patients. Many patients were white (71.5 %), male (59.2 %), and uninsured (54.2 %), with a mean age of 42.0±12.8 years. The majority (85.5 %) experienced one to three overdoses, and 14.5 % of patients had more than three overdoses. The buprenorphine prescription rate increased to 55.8 % when patients had more than three overdoses, compared to one overdose (34.5 %) and two to three overdoses (37.4 %) (<em>p</em>=0.025). Compared to females, more males overdosed more than once (<em>p</em>=0.004). Black patients were less likely to receive buprenorphine prescriptions than white patients (27.3 % vs. 44.5 %, <em>p</em>=0.004). Compared to patients with multiple overdoses, more patients with one overdose had public insurance (<em>p</em>=0.028) and were less likely to present to the ED (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Under-prescribing of buprenorphine is high among patients with OUD and opioid overdoses, even in patients with multiple overdoses, and there appear to be racial disparities in prescribing. Our findings indicate clinical opportunities for improving buprenorphine prescribing and reducing the current disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}