Synaptic signatures of perinatal cannabinoids: A systematic review of rodent hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory

Rebecca Przy , Ben Jacoby , Brian R. Christie
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Abstract

The expanding legalization of cannabis raises significant public health concerns about its use during pregnancy, particularly due to the limited understanding of its impact on neurodevelopment. Existing research suggests that perinatal cannabis or cannabinoid exposure may impair learning and memory; however, variations in study design hinder the ability to draw generalizable conclusions. Clinical studies are limited in their observational nature and the lack of insight into neural or cellular mechanisms underlying cognitive changes, underscoring the importance of preclinical studies to explore the effects of perinatal cannabinoids in greater detail. The objective of this systematic review is to consolidate findings from existing preclinical research that investigates the effects of perinatal cannabinoid exposure on learning and memory and the putative mechanism of learning and memory, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, in rodents. This review summarizes studies on hippocampal synaptic plasticity (n = 2), spatial/visual memory (n = 13), working memory (n = 6), recognition memory (n = 12), and associative memory (n = 7). Perinatal cannabinoid-induced impairments were reported in the two synaptic plasticity studies, and in 24 out of 30 studies that examined learning and memory, with spatial memory tasks showing the most consistent deficits. While the existing evidence converges on the notion that perinatal cannabinoid exposure negatively impacts hippocampal physiology and associated memory functions, further research is needed to disentangle the influence of various methodological factors, including offspring sex and age, cannabinoid type, time of gestational exposure, and method of administration.
围产期大麻素的突触特征:啮齿动物海马突触可塑性、学习和记忆的系统综述
大麻合法化的扩大引起了对怀孕期间使用大麻的重大公共卫生关切,特别是由于对其对神经发育的影响了解有限。现有研究表明,围产期接触大麻或大麻素可能损害学习和记忆;然而,研究设计的变化阻碍了得出概括结论的能力。临床研究在观察性质上受到限制,并且缺乏对认知变化背后的神经或细胞机制的了解,这强调了临床前研究更详细地探索围产期大麻素影响的重要性。本系统综述的目的是巩固现有的临床前研究结果,这些研究调查了围产期大麻素暴露对啮齿动物学习和记忆的影响,以及可能的学习和记忆机制——海马突触可塑性。本文综述了海马突触可塑性(n = 2)、空间/视觉记忆(n = 13)、工作记忆(n = 6)、识别记忆(n = 12)和联想记忆(n = 7)的研究进展。两项突触可塑性研究报告了围产期大麻素引起的损伤,30项研究中有24项研究研究了学习和记忆,其中空间记忆任务显示出最一致的缺陷。虽然现有的证据集中在围生期大麻素暴露会对海马生理和相关记忆功能产生负面影响,但需要进一步的研究来解开各种方学因素的影响,包括后代的性别和年龄、大麻素类型、妊娠暴露时间和给药方法。
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来源期刊
Drug and alcohol dependence reports
Drug and alcohol dependence reports Psychiatry and Mental Health
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