Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Neurogenic Bladder in Children with Myelomeningocele.","authors":"Aleksandar Sič, Borko Stojanović, Miroslav Đorđević","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelomeningocele (MMC), a severe congenital anomaly resulting from neural tube closure defects, poses significant urological challenges necessitating specialized care. This review explores the intricate landscape of MMC within urological practice, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. By surveying diverse treatment modalities, this review aims to offer insights into enhancing urological management strategies for MMC and guiding future research directions. At the heart of the conversation lies the pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children with MMC, with a particular focus on the complexities of diagnosis and the various paradigms guiding urological management. Common complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections are examined alongside non-surgical interventions like intermittent catheterization (CIC) and pharmacotherapy, notably oxybutynin. Additionally, surgical options including botulinum toxin injection and reconstructive procedures are explored to enhance urological outcomes for affected children. By unpacking the complexities of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in MMC, this review emphasizes the imperative of a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach in urological care, ultimately aiming to enhance patient well-being and functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False-Positive Galactomannan Test Results in Multiple Myeloma.","authors":"Shingen Nakamura, Yusaku Maeda, Ryohei Sumitani, Masahiro Oura, Kimiko Sogabe, Hikaru Yagi, Shiro Fujii, Takeshi Harada, Ken-Ichi Matsuoka, Hirokazu Miki","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IA) is a common infectious disease in patients with hematological diseases. The prevention, early detection, and establishment of treatment strategies for IA are important. The serum galactomannan antigen (GM) mycological test for IA diagnosis, included in the mycology criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG), is widely used because of its high sensitivity and specificity. However, false-positive results are a concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed all GM tests performed at our department in the clinical practice setting between April 2003 and January 2012.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 330 cases and 2155 samples analyzed, 540 (25%) were positive (≥0.5). Among the underlying diseases, positivity rates were the highest for multiple myeloma (MM), with 61.3%. By type, positivity rates for IgG, IgA, Bence-Jones protein, and IgD were 71.7%, 33.3%, 57.1%, and 34.6%, respectively. Seventeen out of eighteen cases that were GM-positive at MM diagnosis were false positives, according to the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria. The IgG and GM values were not directly correlated. Of the seventeen false-positive cases identified, two developed IA during anti-myeloma treatments, and GM values did not become negative during the treatment in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although subclinical IA may be included in a higher GM index, the results may be prone to false positives; particularly in IgG-type MM, the results should thus be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy on Renal Perfusion in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Analysis of Doppler Ultrasound and Angiogenesis Biomarkers.","authors":"Ardianto Pramono, Jonny, Djuwita Adi Wahyono, Aditya Pratama Lokeswara, Enda Cindylosa Sitepu, Ermi Girsang, Terawan Agus Putranto","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health challenge with a severe health burden. Approximately 40% of diabetic patients develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), leading to kidney failure. Autologous dendritic cell therapy may enhance renal function by modulating vascular markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Involving 35 patients, this quasi-experimental study assessed the pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin levels before and four weeks following autologous dendritic cell administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction in median PI was found from 1.61 ± 0.63 to 1.21 ± 0.26 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The increase in mean RI was insignificant from 0.74 ± 0.07 to 0.75 ± 0.06 (<i>p</i> = 0.17). The median VEGF showed a slight reduction from 522.10 ± 608.6 to 473.70 ± 550 (<i>p</i> = 0.589) and endothelin from 1.74 ± 0.71 to 1.63 ± 0.76 (<i>p</i> = 0.554).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that autologous dendritic cell therapy may improve kidney perfusion in DKD patients, indicated by a significant reduction in the PI. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits for renal perfusion in DKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Sweeteners: A Double-Edged Sword for Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Helal F Hetta, Nizar Sirag, Hassabelrasoul Elfadil, Ayman Salama, Sara F Aljadrawi, Amani J Alfaifi, Asma N Alwabisi, Bothinah M AbuAlhasan, Layan S Alanazi, Yara A Aljohani, Yasmin N Ramadan, Noura H Abd Ellah, Abdelazeem M Algammal","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim</b>: The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Artificial sweeteners, also known as non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), have garnered attention for their potential to disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome. This review explores the complex relationship between NNS and the gut microbiome, highlighting their potential benefits and risks. By synthesizing current evidence, we aim to provide a balanced perspective on the role of AS in dietary practices and health outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted research to guide their safe and effective use. <b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the effects of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota. The search utilized key terms including \"Gut Microbiome\", \"gut microbiota\", \"Eubiosis\", \"Dysbiosis\", \"Artificial Sweeteners\", and \"Nonnutritive Sweeteners\". <b>Results</b>: NNS may alter the gut microbiome, but findings remain inconsistent. Animal studies often report a decrease in beneficial bacteria like <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and an increase in harmful strains such as <i>Clostridium difficile</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, potentially leading to inflammation and gut imbalance. Disruptions in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and gut hormone signaling have also been observed. However, human studies generally show milder or no significant changes, highlighting the limitations in translating animal model findings directly to humans. Differences in study design, dosage, exposure time, and sweetener type likely contribute to these varied outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b>: While NNS offer certain benefits, including reduced caloric intake and improved blood sugar regulation, their impact on gut microbiome health raises important concerns. The observed reduction in beneficial bacteria and the rise in pathogenic strains underscore the need for caution in NNS consumption. Furthermore, the disruption of SCFA production and metabolic pathways illustrates the intricate relationship between diet and gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Serotypes of Dengue Virus Infection in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Isaac Boamah, Alex Odoom, Kwamena W C Sagoe, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue virus (DENV) infection poses a serious and growing public health threat in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Ghana. Despite the heightened risks due to suitable climatic conditions and the presence of competent vectors, the epidemiology of DENV in Ghana remains poorly understood, underscoring the critical need for a comprehensive assessment of the burden and circulation of the virus in the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 24 September 2024. Studies presenting primary DENV seroprevalence data among Ghanaian populations were included. Quality was assessed using JBI tools. Meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence with 95% CIs using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nine studies met the selection criteria, with eight studies involving febrile patients and one involving blood donors. The pooled seroprevalence rates were 33.3% (95% CI: 16.2-50.4%) for IgG, 5.9% (95% CI: 0-12.5%) for IgM, 1.5% (95% CI: 0.4-2.6%) for DENV RNA, and 32.3% (95% CI: 0-68.5%) for IgG/IgM combined. Notably, the IgG seroprevalence exhibited substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99%). DENV-2 and DENV-3 were the predominant serotypes identified. There was potential bias in seroprevalence estimates from hospital-based febrile samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review has established the prevalence and circulation of DENV serogroups in Ghana. The higher seropositivity and heterogeneity underscore the need for standardized large-scale surveillance to optimize disease characterization and guide control. Integrating dengue prevention into existing vector control programs could help reduce risks in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Typhoid Fever in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Frederick Kungu, Aaron Awere-Duodu, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Typhoid fever caused by <i>Salmonella enterica serovar</i> Typhi remains an important public health problem in Ghana. Understanding the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of <i>S.</i> Typhi is crucial to guide the treatment and control of typhoid fever. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of typhoid fever in Ghana and describe the antibiotic susceptibility profiles. <b>Methods</b>: Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed repository and three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Observational studies reporting typhoid fever prevalence among Ghanaian participants diagnosed by culture or Widal test and published between 1 January 2004 and 16 August 2024 were eligible. Quality was assessed using standardized JBI critical appraisal checklists. Random-effects meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval was performed to estimate pooled prevalence and conduct subgroup analyses. <b>Results</b>: A total of 22 studies involving 228,107 participants were included in the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of typhoid fever was 4.14% (95% CI: 2.78-5.75). Blood culture detected more cases (3.68%) than stool culture (1.16%). Multidrug resistance was documented in 20-66% of isolates, and ciprofloxacin had the lowest prevalence of resistance (0-17%). <b>Conclusions</b>: This review highlights the substantial typhoid fever burden and evolving antimicrobial resistance in Ghana. Continuous surveillance of the disease is warranted to optimize empiric treatment and control strategies, given the resistance to first-line drugs. Enhanced prevention through water, sanitation, and vaccination programs is imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmark for Setting ACTH Cell Dosage in Clinical Regenerative Medicine for Post-Operative Hypopituitarism.","authors":"Tatsuma Kondo, Hidetaka Suga, Kazuhito Takeuchi, Yutaro Fuse, Yoshiki Sato, Toshiaki Hirose, Harada Hideyuki, Yuichi Nagata, Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Our objective is to develop hormone-producing pituitary cells that can function in the same manner as the human body and provide more effective treatments than current hormone replacement therapy. We have already established a technique for generating hypothalamic-pituitary organoids using feeder-free human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and demonstrated their effectiveness in vivo through transplantation into hypopituitary mouse models. To prospectively determine the upper limit of transplanting adenohypophyseal cells into humans, we investigated the human maximum secretion capacity of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 28 patients with pituitary adenomas, among whom 16 evinced no abnormality of ACTH secretion and 12 showed no GH secretion on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and growth hormone-releasing hormone-2 (GHRP-2) stimulation testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average ACTH peak value after CRH stimulation tests was 97.2 pg/mL, and the average GH peak value after GHRP-2 stimulation tests was 25.1 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data will likely serve as benchmarks of ACTH and GH secretion when transplanting cultured cells into humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial Probiotics with New Cancer Therapies for Improved Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Moeka Nakashima, Akari Fukumoto, Satoru Matsuda","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant form of primary liver cancer. Intricate networks linked to the host immune system may be associated with the pathogenesis of HCC. A huge amount of interdisciplinary medical information for the treatment of HCC has been accumulated over recent years. For example, advances in new immunotherapy have improved the results of treatment for HCC. This approach can be advantageously combined with standard conventional treatments such as surgical resection to improve the therapeutic effect. However, several toxic effects of treatments may pose a significant threat to human health. Now, a shift in mindset is important for achieving superior cancer therapy, where probiotic therapy may be considered, at least within the bounds of safety. The interplay between the gut microbiota and immune system could affect the efficacy of several anticancer treatments, including of immune checkpoint therapy via the alteration of Th17 cell function against various malignant tumors. Here, some recent anticancer techniques are discussed, whereby the growth of HCC may be effectively and safely repressed by probiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onychomycosis Endonyx: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ernesto De-La-Rosa-Garibay, Roberto Arenas, Martha Y Herrera-Castro, Alicia Valdez-Gaona, Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño, Paola Berenice Zarate-Segura, Fernando Bastida-González, Erick Martínez-Herrera, Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Endonyx onychomycosis is a chronic infection of the nail plate that presents as milky white discoloration, without hyperkeratosis or onycholysis, and was originally described as being caused by <i>T. soudanense</i> and <i>T. violaceum</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present review, the definitions used in the different articles and the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with this onychomycosis variant were analyzed through a systematic review of the reported cases in the literature using the terms \"endonyx\" AND \"onychomycosis\" in PUBMED, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Academics databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 28 articles with a total of 175 patients diagnosed with endonyx onychomycosis, mainly reported in Asia and Africa. Nine papers presented detailed descriptions. From these, a total of 15 immunocompetent patients were registered, and the etiological agents reported were <i>Trichophyton soudanense</i>, <i>T. rubrum</i>, <i>T. violaceum</i>, <i>T. tonsurans</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. After analyzing the definitions employed in the remaining articles, only 47.3% cited or described a concept consistent with the original description. The other 47.3% of the studies lacked a traceable criterion for the diagnosis of these cases. Moreover, most studies analyzed their data at a global level, describing little information to provide specific insights into the endonyx variant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emphasis on clinical description and histopathological analysis is essential to confirm the role of less commonly reported fungi, and more accurate diagnostic and treatment protocols for this condition are mandatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Oral Function Associated with the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults? A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sho Shirotori, Yoko Hasegawa, Koutatsu Nagai, Hiroshi Kusunoki, Shogo Yoshimura, Kana Tokumoto, Hirokazu Hattori, Kayoko Tamaki, Kazuhiro Hori, Hiromitsu Kishimoto, Ken Shinmura","doi":"10.3390/diseases13040109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the concurrent loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue accumulation, is associated with reduced physical function and poor health status in older adults. Although oral function can impact the overall health of older adults, its role in the development of sarcopenic obesity remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to examine the association between oral function and the incidence of sarcopenic obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study included 597 independent older adults (aged ≥65 years) from Tamba-Sasayama, a rural region of Japan, who participated in academic studies between June 2016 and December 2023. Participants underwent surveys at least twice, with a minimum two-year interval. The participants were divided into four groups (robust, obese, sarcopenic, and sarcopenic obese) according to their health condition. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed based on the guidelines of the Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Obesity. The oral function was evaluated by assessing the number of remaining teeth, tongue pressure, occlusal force, masticatory performance, and oral diadochokinesis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis evaluated the association between oral function and the incidence of sarcopenic obesity after adjusting for relevant confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sarcopenic obesity group was older, had lower skeletal muscle mass, and inferior physical function. This cohort also had the highest prevalence of hypertension and significantly fewer remaining teeth. The proportion of individuals with sarcopenic obesity was 1.7% of the total population, with 2.8% in the obesity group at baseline, and 8.0% of those were diagnosed with sarcopenia progressing to sarcopenic obesity. The Cox regression model revealed that reduced tongue pressure was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenic obesity, with a hazard ratio of 0.906 (95% confidence interval: 0.829-0.990; <i>p</i> = 0.028), independent of other variables related to sarcopenia and obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that oral function is associated with the incidence of sarcopenic obesity but not with that of sarcopenia or obesity alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}