Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry for the Reliable Detection of Measurable Residual Disease in Hematological Malignancies in Clinical Laboratories.","authors":"María Beatriz Álvarez Flores, María Sopeña Corvinos, Raquel Guillén Santos, Fernando Cava Valenciano","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120338","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD) requires highly sensitive flow cytometry protocols to provide an accurate prediction of shorter progression-free survival. High assay sensitivity generally requires rapid processing to avoid cell loss from small bone marrow sample volumes, but this requirement conflicts with the need in most clinical cytometry laboratories for long processing and acquisition times, especially when multiple MRD studies coincide on the same day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed protocol was applied to 226 human bone marrow and 45 peripheral blood samples submitted for the study of MRD or the detection of rare cells. Samples were processed within 24 h of extraction and acquired with an eight-color flow cytometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FACSLyse-Bulk protocol allows for the labelling of millions of cells in under 90 min in small sample volumes without affecting the FSC/SSC pattern or antigen expression, and it also allows antigens to be fixed to the membrane, thus avoiding the capping phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed protocol would allow clinical flow cytometry laboratories to perform MRD studies in house and easily achieve a limit of detection and limit of quantification <0.001%, thus avoiding the need to outsource analysis to specialized cytometry laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Patients with Heart Failure Hospitalized for COVID-19-A Study in a Tertiary Italian Center.","authors":"Rossella Cianci, Mario Caldarelli, Pierluigi Rio, Giulia Pignataro, Marta Sacco Fernandez, Francesca Ocarino, Davide Antonio Della Polla, Francesco Franceschi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Gambassi, Marcello Candelli","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120337","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by SARS-CoV-2, has represented a global pandemic associated with an elevated rate of mortality, mainly among older individuals. The extensive pulmonary involvement by the viral infection might have precipitated pre-existing chronic conditions in this vulnerable population, including heart failure (HF). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 in patients with a prior diagnosis of HF referred to the Emergency Department of the Agostino Gemelli University Hospital between March 2020 and January 2023. A total of 886 HF patients (444 men and 442 women, mean age of 80 ± 10 years) were identified. Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio by gender, age, number of comorbidities (excluding HF), and vaccination status, using a propensity score matching (PSM) procedure. We compared the outcomes of 189 patients with a concomitant diagnosis of HF with those of 189 matched controls without HF. <b>Results:</b> Among patients with HF, there was a significantly higher prevalence of valvular disease (<i>p</i> = 0.004), atrial fibrillation (<i>p</i> = 0.003), use of anticoagulants (<i>p</i> = 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and chronic kidney disease (<i>p</i> = 0.001). In contrast, hypertension was more prevalent among controls than HF patients (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In addition, controls exhibited higher lymphocytes counts and a higher PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio compared to HF patients. During hospitalization, patients with HF were more frequently treated with high-flow nasal cannulas (<i>p</i> = 0.01), required more frequent admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and showed a significantly higher mortality rate (<i>p</i> 0.0001) than controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> HF is an independent risk factor for ICU admission and death in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy and Central Nervous System Development: Reflections on the Gold Standard of Fetomaternal Therapy.","authors":"Ivana R Babović, Radmila Sparić, Snežana D Plešinac, Dušica M Kocijančić Belović, Jovana D Plešinac, Slavica S Akšam, Vera D Plešinac, Giovanni Pecorella, Andrea Tinelli","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120336","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term \"fetal programming\" refers to the effects of endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids, whether received from the mother or the fetus, on brain development and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reset. The authors of this narrative review examine the WHO's guidelines for prenatal corticosteroids in pregnant women who are at high risk of premature delivery. These guidelines are regarded as the best available for preventing late-life problems resulting from preterm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to find full-text publications published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2023 that were written in English, the authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors highlight the possible adverse long-term effects of prenatal corticosteroid medication on human brain development and function. This pharmacological feature is therapeutically significant because there is less evidence in the scientific literature regarding the potential role that the timing, mode, and dosage of exogenous steroid treatment may have in neurological illnesses down the road.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The authors expect that these studies will shed light on the relationship between specially designed prenatal corticosteroid therapy and the molecular mechanisms underlying the prenatal programming of neurodevelopment in childhood and adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Potential of Oral Everolimus for Facial Angiofibromas in Pediatric Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case-Based Analysis of Efficacy.","authors":"George Imataka, Satoshi Mori, Kunio Yui, Ken Igawa, Hideaki Shiraishi, Shigemi Yoshihara","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120334","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, leading to the dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This dysregulation results in the development of benign tumors across multiple organ systems and poses significant neurodevelopmental challenges. The clinical manifestations of TSC vary widely and include subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), facial angiofibromas (FAs), and neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). mTOR inhibitors, notably everolimus, have become central to TSC management, with documented efficacy in reducing the sizes of SEGAs and AMLs and showing promise in addressing additional TSC-related symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of an 11-year-old male diagnosed with TSC, presenting with hallmark features including hypopigmented macules, early-onset infantile spasms, SEGA, and AMLs. Initial interventions included adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy and sodium valproate for seizure management and a minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy for SEGA reduction. At age 12, oral everolimus therapy was introduced to address both SEGA recurrence risk and ASD-related social deficits. Over the course of 24 weeks, a reduction in the size and erythema of the patient's FAs was observed, alongside improvements in social engagement, suggesting potential added benefits of systemic mTOR inhibition beyond tumor control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with everolimus over a 24-month period led to significant reductions in both FA and AML size, as well as measurable improvements in ASD-associated behaviors. Therapeutic drug monitoring maintained serum levels within the effective range, minimizing adverse effects and underscoring the tolerability and feasibility of long-term everolimus administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the efficacy of oral everolimus in reducing FA size in a pediatric TSC patient, with broader therapeutic benefits that support the potential of mTOR inhibition as a multi-targeted strategy for TSC management. Further studies are needed to explore the full range of applications and long-term impact of mTOR inhibitors in TSC care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Bone-Derived Osteocalcin in Testicular Steroidogenesis: Contributing Factor to Male Fertility.","authors":"Izatus Shima Taib, Putri Ayu Jayusman","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120335","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteocalcin (OCN), a protein predominantly produced by osteoblasts in bone, has emerged as a significant factor in bone metabolism and reproductive function. This article reviews the latest research on the role of OCN beyond its traditional functions in bone mineralisation, particularly its influence on testicular steroidogenesis and male fertility. The structure and modifications of OCN are elaborated upon, highlighting its uncarboxylated form (ucOCN), which is becoming increasingly recognised for its bioactive properties. The impact of OCN on bone quantity, quality and strength is summarised, emphasising its role as a regulator of bone metabolism. Furthermore, the influence of ucOCN on testicular steroidogenesis and the involvement of GPRC6A, a G protein-coupled receptor, in mediating these effects are also explored. Evidence suggests that ucOCN regulates testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis, which indirectly have the potential to influence bone metabolism integrity. In conclusion, OCN, particularly in its uncarboxylated form, plays a crucial role in bone metabolism and male fertility by regulating testicular steroidogenesis, with GPRC6A mediating these effects, thereby linking bone health and reproductive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Profiles, Etiological Spectrum, and Anatomical Locations of the Post-Hepatic Obstructive Jaundice in Adult Population in Hadhramout Region in Yemen.","authors":"Sultan Abdulwadoud Alshoabi, Abdulkhaleq Ayedh Binnuhaid, Halah Fuad Muslem, Abdullgabbar M Hamid, Fahad H Alhazmi, Faisal A Alrehily, Abdulaziz A Qurashi, Osamah M Abdulaal, Abdullah F Alshamrani, Awatif M Omer","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120333","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive jaundice is a common health challenge in daily clinical practice caused by a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant conditions in or around extrahepatic bile ducts. This study aimed to investigate the causes of obstructive jaundice, analyze the age and sex distribution, and report the locations of obstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of electronic records of patients diagnosed with obstructive jaundice in the Hadhramout region in Yemen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed the data of 303 patients (mean age: 57 ± 17.99 years; range: 18-95 years); 60.40% (n = 183) were female, and 39.60% (n = 120) were male. The highest prevalence was found in middle-aged adults (n = 112, 36.96%), followed by the old (n = 101, 33.33%). Common bile duct (CBD) stones were the most common cause of obstructive jaundice (n = 175, 57.8%), followed by CBD stricture (n = 58, 19.1%), carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (n = 35, 11.6%), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 21, 6.9%), and external compression of the CBD (n = 2, 0.7%). CBD stones, cholangiocarcinoma, and ampulla of Vater masses were more prevalent in females (30.9%, 3.8%, and 2.2%, respectively) than in males (25.8%, 2.9%, and 1.7%, respectively). In contrast, CBD stricture and carcinoma of the pancreas were more frequent in males, occurring in 12.1% and 7.1% of male patients, respectively, compared to 7.9% and 4.9% in female patients. The primary obstruction site was the CBD (n = 254, 83.8%), followed by the head of the pancreas (n = 30, 9.9%), and the ampulla of Vater (n = 13, 4.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obstructive jaundice predominantly affects middle-aged adults followed by the old-aged patients predominantly in females. The most common cause of obstructive jaundice was CBD stones, followed by CBD stricture, while carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was the most common malignant cause, followed by cholangiocarcinoma. Distal CBD is the most common anatomical location of obstructive jaundice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Three-Bag Method Acetylcysteine Versus Two-Bag Method Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Alrashed, Abdulrahman Alyousef, Hisham A Badreldin, Khalid Bin Saleh, Shmeylan Al Harbi, Abdulkareem M Albekairy, Abrar Alghamdi, Amal Al-Nahdi, Dhay Alonazi, Mohammed Alnuhait, Abdullah Alshammari, Tariq Alqahtani","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120332","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acetaminophen is generally considered safe when used according to the recommended guidelines. Consumption in excessive doses can lead to severe liver damage and, in critical cases, may even result in death. To reduce the effects of acetaminophen overdose, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been established as the preferred intervention to prevent liver damage.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the potential benefits of a two-bag N-acetylcysteine (NAC) dosing regimen compared to the traditional three-bag protocol in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The research team utilized the PubMed and Cochrane databases to perform a thorough and comprehensive search of the relevant literature from the inception of these databases up until January 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies were included. The overall use of two-bag NAC was associated with lower anaphylactic reactions and gastrointestinal symptoms compared to the three-bag method. The rate of liver toxicity resolution was the same between the two treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The two-bag NAC regimen can be considered a safe and effective method for managing acetaminophen toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absenteeism and Productivity Loss Due to Influenza or Influenza-like Illness in Adults in Europe and North America.","authors":"David Fisman, Maarten Postma, Myron J Levin, Joaquin Mould-Quevedo","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120331","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy working-age adults are susceptible to illness or caregiving requirements resulting from annual seasonal influenza, leading to considerable societal and economic impacts. The objective of this targeted narrative review is to understand the societal burden of influenza in terms of absenteeism and productivity loss, based on the current literature. This review includes 48 studies on the impact of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) and reports on the effect of influenza vaccination, age, disease severity, caring for others, comorbidities, and antiviral prophylaxis on absenteeism and productivity loss due to influenza/ILI, focusing on publications originating from Canada, Europe, and the United States. Influenza/ILI results in substantial work time and productivity loss among working adults and students in Canada, Europe, and the United States, particularly those who are unvaccinated, are <65 years of age, or who have severe disease. Considerable work time and productivity loss is attributable to illness and caregiver burden related to influenza. Further research is required on the impact of influenza on absenteeism and productivity loss in adults with comorbidities to support the development of effective employer policies for working adults with underlying health conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue Ultrasonography in the Screening of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Promising Potential for Overloaded Sleep Centers.","authors":"Milan Smiesko, Ester Jenigarova, Peter Stanko, Zsolt Kasa, Ivan Cavarga, Stefan Lassan","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120330","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a frequently underdiagnosed sleep disorder marked by recurrent episodes of apnea and/or hypopnea during sleep, primarily resulting from the partial or complete collapse of the upper airway. OSAS significantly affects patients' health and quality of life. Additionally, it is a recognized risk factor for inducing microsleep episodes during daily activities, particularly in occupations such as professional driving, where sustained attention is critical. The aim of our study was to identify an effective screening test for use in outpatient settings, capable of distinguishing patients with a severe form of OSAS. Patients who test positive with this screening tool would subsequently be prioritized for polysomnographic evaluation in a sleep laboratory. A total of 64 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) or polygraphy (PG) examination at our clinic were subsequently examined by USG of the tongue with measurements of tongue base thickness (TBT) and the distance between lingual arteries (DLA) during wakefulness and in a relaxed tongue position. The measurements of TBT and DLA were subsequently correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) obtained from PSG or PG. In our cohort of patients diagnosed with severe OSAS, a TBT threshold of ≥65 mm served as an effective cutoff value. A TBT value of ≥65 mm reached an AUC value of 78.1%, sensitivity of 74.4%, specificity of 61.9%, positive predictive value of 80%, negative predictive value of 54.2% and overall accuracy of 70.3%. A DLA value of ≥30 mm in our sample of patients with severe OSAS showed an AUC of 76.5%, sensitivity of 69.8%, specificity of 71.1%, positive predictive value of 83.3%, negative predictive value of 53.6%, and overall accuracy of 70.3%. Tongue USG markers, particularly TBT and DLA measurements during wakefulness and in a relaxed tongue position, show potential as effective screening tools for identifying severe OSAS in European populations. These markers demonstrate improved accuracy over traditional screening questionnaires by reducing the likelihood of false-negative results. Patients with a positive screening should preferably be referred for polysomnography. In this way, patients with a serious illness could receive adequate therapy sooner.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11675877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Associated of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Pre- and Post-COVID Study.","authors":"Manuela Chiavarini, Jacopo Dolcini, Giorgio Firmani, Elisa Ponzio, Pamela Barbadoro","doi":"10.3390/diseases12120329","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diseases12120329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Diabetes and hypertension are major global health challenges aggravated by COVID-19's impact on healthcare and lifestyle factors. This study aims to compare the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of these conditions before and after the pandemic (2019 vs. 2022). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We used data from Italy's \"Aspects of Daily Life\" survey; 74,294 adults were included. <b>Results</b>: Results show a rise in diabetes prevalence from 7.76% in 2019 to 8.49% in 2022 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while hypertension did not show this. Logistic regression analysis for the years 2019 and 2022 revealed a statistically significant association between the year 2022 and increased odds of diabetes (OR = 1.08, <i>p</i> = 0.008). BMI's role as a risk factor intensified, with higher odds ratios (ORs) for both conditions in overweight and obese individuals in 2022. For example, obesity-related ORs for diabetes increased from 2.45 (95%CI 1.73-3.47) in 2019 to 3.02 (95%CI 2.09-4.35) in 2022, and for hypertension from 2.86 (95%CI 2.28-3.58) to 3.64 (95%CI 2.87-4.61). Lower education levels also showed a greater association with hypertension risk in 2022; subjects with only middle or high school diplomas had significantly higher ORs than individuals with higher education; there was a non-significant trend in 2019. However, diabetes risk associated with lower education remained stable and significant in both years. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that the pandemic may have increased risk factors for diabetes and hypertension, particularly BMI and educational level, compared with the literature on the increased burden of chronic diseases during COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}