Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Accentuated Eccentric and Maximal Strength High-Resistance Training Programs with or Without a Curcumin-Based Formulation Supplement on Body Composition, Blood Pressure, and Metabolic Parameters in Older Adults.","authors":"Alvaro Juesas, Angel Saez-Berlanga, Carlos Babiloni-Lopez, Ezequiel G Martin, Luis Garrigues-Pelufo, Ana Ferri-Caruana, Javier Gene-Morales, Fernando Martin-Rivera, Iván Chulvi-Medrano, Pablo Jiménez-Martínez, Carlos Alix-Fages, Magdalena Cwiklinska, Veronica Gallo, Virginia Zarza, Pedro Gargallo, Julio Fernandez-Garrido, Oscar Caballero, Jose Casaña, Elisa Moretti, Elisa Grazioli, Giovanni Angelo Navarra, Marianna Bellafiore, Danica Janicijevic, Raouf Hammami, Juan C Colado","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study compared the effects of high-resistance training (RT) programs, with or without curcumin supplementation, on variables commonly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including body composition, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-one older adults at risk of MetS (BMI > 25 kg/m², fat mass > 32%, and systolic blood pressure > 130 mmHg in half of the participants) were randomly assigned to six groups, which were comprised as follows: four experimental groups involving either accentuated eccentric or maximal strength RT with curcumin or placebo and two control groups receiving either curcumin or placebo. Experimental groups completed a 16-week full-body RT with elastic bands, while controls did not exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that (I) all experimental protocols significantly reduced fat mass (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), with the maximal strength RT group supplemented with curcumin (Max-Cur) showing the greatest reduction, at 14.3%; (II) muscle gains were significant and comparable across experimental groups (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.008); (III) both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased similarly across experimental groups (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001); (IV) metabolic parameters significantly improved across experimental groups (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.037), except for creatinine, which showed an undesirable peak only in the Max-Cur group; (V) curcumin supplementation enhanced the effects of both RT programs; and (VI) between 54% and 100% of participants achieved clinically meaningful improvements in seven out of ten MetS-related variables across experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that high-RT programs combined with curcumin supplementation positively impacted all MetS-related variables. The Max-Cur RT group stood out as the most beneficial, with the greatest fat mass reductions, highlighting this approach as a promising strategy to reduce the risk of MetS in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital Radiotherapy for Graves' Ophthalmopathy: Single Institutional Experience of Efficacy and Safety.","authors":"Madalina La Rocca, Barbara Francesca Leonardi, Maria Chiara Lo Greco, Giorgia Marano, Roberto Milazzotto, Rocco Luca Emanuele Liardo, Grazia Acquaviva, Viviana Anna La Monaca, Vincenzo Salamone, Antonio Basile, Pietro Valerio Foti, Stefano Palmucci, Emanuele David, Silvana Parisi, Antonio Pontoriero, Stefano Pergolizzi, Corrado Spatola","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graves' ophthalmopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves-Basedow disease. Radiotherapy is effective especially when used in synergy with the administration of glucocorticoids. The aim of our study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy, using different protocols, to improve ocular symptoms and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two-hundred and three patients treated with retrobulbar radiotherapy between January 2002 and June 2023. Ninety-nine patients were treated with a schedule of 10 Gy in 10 fractions and one-hundred and four were treated with 10 Gy in 5 fractions. Radiotherapy (RT) was administrated during the 12 weeks of pulse steroid therapy. Patients were evaluated with a clinical exam, orbital CT, thyroid assessment, and Clinical Activity Score (CAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up was 28.6 months (range 12-240). Complete response was found in ninety-four pts (46.31%), partial response or stabilization in one hundred pts (49.26%), and progression in nine pts (4.43%). In most subjects, an improvement in visual acuity and a reduction in CAS of at least 2 points and proptosis by more than 3 mm were observed. Three patients needed decompressive surgery after treatment. Only G1 and G2 acute eye disorders and no cases of xerophthalmia or cataract were assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment in this setting, especially when associated with the administration of glucocorticoids. Although the most used fractionation schedule in the literature is 20 Gy in 10 fractions, in our clinical practice, we have achieved comparable results with 10 Gy in 5 or 10 fractions with a lower incidence of toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TREM2 Alleviates Neuroinflammation by Maintaining Cellular Metabolic Homeostasis and Mitophagy Activity During Early Inflammation.","authors":"Lingfeng Hu, Jie Liu, Jie Peng, Xiao Li, Zhangqiong Huang, Caixing Zhang, Shengtao Fan","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Inflammation is a pivotal characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. The triggering receptor expressed on the myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene has previously been shown to suppress inflammation by directly inhibiting inflammation-related pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently emerged as another critical pathological manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. Although TREM2 is involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial autophagy, its role in the relationship between inflammation and mitochondrial autophagy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we generated TREM2-overexpressing BV-2 cells and established a neuroinflammatory model with LPS. We compared these cells with wild-type cells in terms of inflammation, metabolism, autophagy, and mitochondria using methods such as RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microglia overexpressing TREM2 exhibited increased resistance to inflammation. Additionally, these cells inhibited the metabolic reprogramming that occurs early in LPS-induced inflammation, reduced ROS release, mitigated mitochondrial damage, maintained a certain level of autophagic activity, and cleared damaged mitochondria. Consequently, they alleviated the inflammation caused by the mitochondrial barrier.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ur results suggest that TREM2 can alleviate inflammation by maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial autophagy activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Predictors of Vitamin D Awareness Among Greek Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Gavriela Voulgaridou, Fani Athanassiou, Eirini Kravvariti, Stephania Doulgeraki, Sousana K Papadopoulou, Lambros E Kokokiris","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health, calcium absorption, and immune function, yet significant misconceptions and knowledge gaps persist. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding vitamin D among Greek women and identify factors associated with vitamin D knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 761 Greek women (mean age: 41.2 ± 7.7 years) using an online self-administered questionnaire designed in Google Forms. Participants were recruited via social media platforms to ensure a geographically diverse sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 57.4% of participants demonstrated knowledge of vitamin D's functions, primarily linking it to bone health (34.4%) and immune function (26.8%). The multiple regression model identified significant predictors of knowledge of vitamin D's functions, including age (OR = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.019-1.062, <i>p</i> < 0.001), weight (OR = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.938-0.992, <i>p</i> = 0.010), and frequent vitamin D testing (>2 times: OR = 2.280, 95% CI: 1.392-3.736, <i>p</i> = 0.001; once-twice: OR = 1.776, 95% CI: 1.111-2.829, <i>p</i> = 0.016). Furthermore, age (OR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.027-1.081, <i>p</i> < 0.001), weight (OR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.975-0.999, <i>p</i> = 0.028), higher city population (>50,000 citizens: OR = 1.598, 95% CI: 1.021-2.502, <i>p</i> = 0.040), frequent vitamin D testing (>2 times: OR = 2.616, 95% CI: 1.529-4.447, <i>p</i> < 0.003; one-two times: OR = 1.773, 95% CI: 1.052-2.989, <i>p</i> = 0.032), and children's supplementation (OR = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.007-1.987, <i>p</i> = 0.046) were significant predictors of knowledge regarding diseases preventable by vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greek women demonstrated moderate awareness of vitamin D's functions, but significant knowledge gaps persist, particularly regarding its role in calcium absorption and dietary sources. Age, frequent vitamin D testing, and urban residence were significant predictors of knowledge. Targeted public health campaigns are essential to address misconceptions and improve vitamin D awareness and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Burden and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Women.","authors":"Baiken Baimakhanova, Amankeldi Sadanov, Lyudmila Trenozhnikova, Assya Balgimbaeva, Gul Baimakhanova, Saltanat Orasymbet, Diana Tleubekova, Alma Amangeldi, Zere Turlybaeva, Zhanar Nurgaliyeva, Roza Seisebayeva, Zhanat Kozhekenova, Saltanat Sairankyzy, Zhanserik Shynykul, Sandugash Yerkenova, Aknur Turgumbayeva","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a prevalent health concern among the female population, with anatomical and physiological determinants such as a shorter urethra and its proximity to the rectum augmenting vulnerability. The presence of Escherichia coli and various other pathogens plays a significant role in the etiology of these infections, which can be aggravated by sexual intercourse and disturbances to the vaginal microbiome. The physiological alterations associated with pregnancy further elevate the likelihood of UTIs, with untreated cases potentially leading to severe complications such as pyelonephritis, preterm labor, and stillbirth. Furthermore, postmenopausal women encounter an augmented risk of UTIs attributable to estrogen deficiency and vaginal atrophy, as well as conditions including pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), which hinder optimal bladder functionality. The aforementioned factors, in conjunction with the rising prevalence of cesarean deliveries and catheterization, complicate the management of UTIs. While precise diagnosis is paramount, it remains a formidable challenge, notwithstanding advancements in molecular diagnostic techniques. Management strategies encompass antibiotic-sparing therapies; however, the increasing incidence of multidrug resistance represents an alarming trend. Diverse guidelines from various medical specialties endeavor to standardize treatment approaches, yet significant inconsistencies continue to exist. This study systematically appraises the extant guidelines, evaluating the quality of evidence while identifying areas of agreement and discord to supply practitioners with effective strategies for UTI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status of Adult People Living with HIV: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Stella Proikaki, Nikolaos Georgiadis, Theodoros N Sergentanis, Eleni Kornarou, Tonia Vassilakou","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interaction between HIV infection, nutrition and immune system functioning is intricate, leading, in many cases, to a cycle of poor health outcomes. Despite the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) since the late 1990s and the concomitant increase in the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV), malnutrition and HIV-associated wasting continue to pose significant challenges, particularly in developing countries. Additionally, metabolic adverse effects associated with HAART, such as alterations in bone and lipid metabolism, as well as the impact on cardiovascular health, add further complexity to patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature review of relevant studies involving adults diagnosed with HIV. The studies, published between 2000 and 2023, were identified using the Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accumulating evidence in the literature indicates that careful monitoring and appropriate nutritional interventions can significantly enhance clinical outcomes in malnourished HIV-positive persons. The importance of addressing the prevalent deficiencies in certain micronutrients discussed in many of the studies is clearly underlined. However, challenges remain, particularly in low-income settings, where limited resources and infrastructure can impede effective implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are critical research gaps with regard to the interaction between ART and nutrition, as well as the development of tailored nutritional approaches that aim to improve patient outcomes. Future research directions and policy strategies should focus on the development of sustainable programmes aimed at enhancing the quality of life for PLHIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Association of Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Factors with Emotional Eating: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Maria Mentzelou, Sousana K Papadopoulou, Evmorfia Psara, Theophanis Vorvolakos, Constantina Jacovides, Ioanna P Chatziprodromidou, Eleftherios Lechouritis, Maria Mitsiou, Constantinos Giaginis","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Emotional eating is an eating behavior that is influenced by behaviors, stress, emotions, and individual feelings in relation to eating. For many decades, studies have shown that mental health is the complex outcome of numerous biological, psychological, and social factors, involving contextual factors beyond the individual.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study is to evaluate the interconnections between emotional eating and sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 328 adults aged between 18 and 75 years. Relevant questionnaires were utilized to evaluate sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters and types of feeding and the expression of emotional food consumption (The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the analyses above, negative correlations between the emotional eating score and waist circumference and Body Mass Index (BMI) were noted. Furthermore, men were more likely to eat emotionally than women. According to a univariable regression analysis, it was also shown that there was an inverse relationship with age up to 35.92 years and a positive relationship for age > 35.92 years. In addition, an inverse relationship with a decrease in the emotional eating score was found with a BMI up to <49.32 kg/m².</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings have emphasized the importance of performing large, prospective, well-designed, randomized, interventional, clinical trials to generate data indicating improvements in eating behavior. Moreover, in future studies the researchers must indicate which assessment tool for emotional eating they will use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Energy Balance: Uncovering the Hidden Variables of Obesity.","authors":"Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic, creating an increased burden of weight-related diseases and straining healthcare systems worldwide. While the fundamental principle of energy balance-caloric intake versus expenditure-remains central to weight regulation, real-world outcomes often deviate from simplistic predictions due to a multitude of physiological and environmental factors. Genetic predispositions, variations in basal metabolic rates, adaptive thermogenesis, physical activity, and nutrient losses via fecal and urinary excretion contribute to interindividual differences in energy homeostasis. Additionally, factors such as meal timing, macronutrient composition, gut microbiota dynamics, and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) further modulate energy utilization and metabolic efficiency. This Perspective explores key physiological determinants of the energy balance, while also highlighting the clinical significance of thrifty versus spendthrifty metabolic phenotypes. Key strategies for individualized weight management include precision calorimetry, circadian-aligned meal timing, the use of protein- and whole food diets to enhance DIT, and increases in non-exercise activity, as well as mild cold exposure and the use of thermogenic agents (e.g., capsaicin-like compounds) to stimulate brown adipose tissue activity. A comprehensive, personalized approach to obesity management that moves beyond restrictive caloric models is essential to achieving sustainable weight control and improving long-term metabolic health. Integrating these multifactorial insights into clinical practice will enhance obesity treatment strategies, fostering more effective and enduring interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Association with Depression or Anxiety.","authors":"Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Claudiu Nistor, Aurelian-Emil Ranetti, Mara Carsote","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020054","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Non-classical manifestations such as neuropsychiatric manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have long been documented as symptoms of PHPT and are commonly reported by these patients, despite this connection still being a matter of debate, and they (&lt;i&gt;per se&lt;/i&gt;) do not represent an indication of parathyroidectomy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to overview the most recent findings regarding the link between depression and/or anxiety (D/A) in subjects confirmed with PHPT, including the impact of the surgery in improving their outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a comprehensive review of English-based original studies published between January 2020 and October 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The studies (n = 16) included a total of 10,325 patients and an additional 152,525 patients with hypercalcemia (out of whom 13,136 had a PHPT diagnosis and 45,081 were at risk of PHPT diagnosis). Out of these subjects with PHPT, 10,068 underwent parathyroidectomy. Female prevalence was between 62.5 and 92%. Most individuals were over 50, with the youngest studied population having a mean age of 52.7 ± 13.8 years, and the oldest had a median of 71. Depression was documented based on ICD-10 codes (n = 3) and patients' records (n = 2), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) (n = 2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (n = 3), BDI-II (n = 3), Symptom Check List 90-revised (SCL) (n = 1), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) (n = 2), HADS (n = 2), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (n = 1), and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3-Level Version (EuroQOL-5D-3L) (n = 1). Patient records' (n = 1) and ICD-10 codes (n = 2) were also used for anxiety. Most studies used questionnaires to identify anxiety in PHPT: DASS (n = 2), SCL90R (n = 1), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (n = 1), HADS (n = 2), EuroQOL-5D-3L (n = 1), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (n = 1). Depression prevalence varied from 20-36.6% to 65.7% (scale-based assessment) and to 10.5% upon ICD-10. A rate of newly onset depression was reported of 10.7% and of 0.2% with concern to the prevalent suicidal ideation (an incidental rate of 0.4% after a median follow-up of 4.2 years). Most studies identified a moderate depression (when assessing its severity), affecting approximately one third of the surgery candidates. The prevalence of anxiety in PHPT varied between 10.4% and 38.6% (n = 8). Discordant results were generated when applying distinct questionnaires for the same population, and this might come as a potential bias. Other confounding factors are generated by the sub-population referred for surgery that typically displays a more severe parathyroid condition or non-endocrine overlapping conditions (e.g., related to the social or familial status).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The modern approach of the patient with PHPT should be complex and go beyond the traditional frame. D/A had a high prevalence in the mentioned studies","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Therapeutic Perspectives.","authors":"Aris Kaltsas, Timoleon Giannakas, Marios Stavropoulos, Zisis Kratiras, Michael Chrisofos","doi":"10.3390/diseases13020053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13020053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is among the most common conditions affecting men as they age, resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that can profoundly impact quality of life. While historically attributed primarily to androgenic imbalances, current evidence implicates additional factors-particularly oxidative stress (OS) and chronic inflammation-in BPH pathogenesis. This review aims to synthesize research on the interplay between OS, inflammation, and hormonal regulation in BPH, emphasizing their clinical relevance and potential therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted focusing on mechanistic studies, clinical trials, and observational reports. Searches included data on ROS generation, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory mediators, and their contribution to pathological prostatic overgrowth. Potential interventions targeting OS-such as antioxidant supplementation, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D receptor agonists, and phytotherapeutics-were also evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic inflammation and OS were consistently identified within hyperplastic prostate tissue. Excessive ROS production, diminished antioxidant defense, and sustained cytokine release create a proproliferative and antiapoptotic environment, accelerating disease progression. Metabolic comorbidities (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance) further exacerbate these imbalances. Standard therapies (α-blockers and 5-ARIs) effectively relieve symptoms but do not directly address the oxidative-inflammatory axis. Emerging evidence suggests that pharmacological and dietary approaches targeting OS and inflammation may reduce prostate volume expansion and alleviate LUTS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that OS and inflammation are key contributors to BPH progression. Incorporating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies alongside conventional treatments holds promise for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Future research should focus on validating OS-specific biomarkers and optimizing personalized therapy regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":72832,"journal":{"name":"Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}