Physics in Perspective最新文献_第8页

From Liverpool to Beijing and Chongqing: William Band’s Adventure in Wartime China 从利物浦到北京和重庆:威廉乐队在战时中国的冒险

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00241-0

Danian Hu

{"title":"From Liverpool to Beijing and Chongqing: William Band’s Adventure in Wartime China","authors":"Danian Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00241-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00241-0","url":null,"abstract":"Trained at University of Liverpool in both theoretical and experimental physics, William Band accepted in 1929 an appointment at Christian Yenching University in Beijing, China, where he established his career through the 1930s, heading the physics department and nurturing dozens of distinguished Chinese researchers in its MSc program. Despite the Japanese occupation of Beijing in summer 1937, Band continued his work at Yenching—an American property and an oasis of freedom for Chinese students in?North China. In the wake of Pearl Harbor, Band joined a breathtaking and successful escape from Yenching, just before the Japanese raid?reached the campus. He sought refuge in Communist guerrilla bases in North China, where he taught calculus, college physics, and radio theory to radio technicians?of guerrilla forces. After trekking one thousand miles through Japanese occupied areas, escorted by Communist?guerrillas, Band arrived first in Yan’an, the Chinese Communist headquarters, where he met and?conversed with?Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and then?in Chongqing, China’s wartime capital, where he served in the Sino-British Science Cooperation Office to help war-ridden Chinese scientists until his departure for Britain in December 1944. Band’s adventure provides a unique and useful lens to explore uncharted aspects of science in Republican China.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 3","pages":"222 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00241-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4071866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Desire to Data: How JLab’s Experimental Program Evolved Part 3: From Experimental Plans to Concrete Reality, JLab Gears Up for Research, mid-1990 through 1997 从欲望到数据:JLab的实验项目是如何演变的。第三部分:从实验计划到具体的现实，JLab为研究做准备，1990年中期到1997年

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00238-9

Catherine Westfall

{"title":"From Desire to Data: How JLab’s Experimental Program Evolved Part 3: From Experimental Plans to Concrete Reality, JLab Gears Up for Research, mid-1990 through 1997","authors":"Catherine Westfall","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00238-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00238-9","url":null,"abstract":"This is the third in a three-part article describing the development of the experimental program at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, from the first dreams of incisive electromagnetic probes into the structure of the nucleus through the era in which equipment was designed and constructed and a program crafted so that the long-desired experiments could begin. These developments unfolded against the backdrop of the rise of the more bureaucratic New Big Science and the intellectual tumult that grew from increasing understanding and interest in quark-level physics. Part 3, presented here, focuses on the period from 1990 to through 1997. During this period of continued revolutionary change, laboratory personnel and would be users labored to proceed from the approved 1990 experimental equipment conceptual design report, the official blueprint for the project, to fully constructed, commissioned, operating equipment under the watchful eye of Department of Energy officials and expert reviewers. The article ends with an assessment of the actual experimental resources and results compared with the initial scientific desires that prompted the decades-long effort to bring the project to life.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 2","pages":"108 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00238-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4029803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decolonizing Physics: Learning from the Periphery 非殖民化物理学:从边缘学习

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00240-1

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 0

Making Research More Diverse: How Peripheral Members Join a Scientific Community 使研究更加多样化:外围成员如何加入科学共同体

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00239-8

Deepanwita Dasgupta

引用次数: 0

What We Talk about When We Talk about Physics 当我们谈论物理时，我们在谈论什么

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00237-w

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 0

Physical Review: From the Periphery to the Center of Physics 物理评论:从边缘到中心的物理

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00235-y

Mahdi Khelfaoui, Yves Gingras

引用次数: 7

Sabine Hossenfelder, Lost in Math: How Beauty Leads Physics Astray, Basic Books, 2018, 304 pages, $17.99 (hardcover). 萨比娜·霍森菲尔德，《迷失在数学中:美丽如何将物理学引入歧途》，基础图书，2018年，304页，17.99美元(精装)。

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00233-0

Jeremy Butterfield

引用次数: 2

Shifting Trends in Modern Physics, Nobel Recognition, and the Histories That We Write 现代物理学的变化趋势，诺贝尔奖的认可，以及我们所写的历史

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00234-z

Mary Jo Nye

{"title":"Shifting Trends in Modern Physics, Nobel Recognition, and the Histories That We Write","authors":"Mary Jo Nye","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00234-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00234-z","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late-nineteenth century, scientists have been labeled with disciplinary fields and scientific achievements have been identified largely with heroic individuals. Reward systems such as the highly visible Nobel Prizes have reinforced such a view of science. This paper examines long-term trends in Nobel Physics awards since 1901 and asks whether the awards have registered the increasing specialization, collaboration, and transdisciplinary research that mark the course of modern physics. A second major question is the extent to which, in turn, histories of physics since the 1960s have reflected trends in physics or in Nobel recognition. Historians of physics appear to have favored accounts of particle physics and relativity theory over other areas of physics, with biography remaining a strong tradition in the history of physics, even while institutional and social history has become significant. Concluding remarks address hierarchies of prestige in science, the accessible and emotional appeal of heroic and revolutionary accounts of science, and the perennial appeal of fundamental questions, like reductionism and emergence.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 1","pages":"3 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00234-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4448987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Embattled Cooperation(s): Peaceful Atoms, Pacifist Physicists, and Partisans of Peace in the Early Cold War (1947–1957) 四面派的合作:冷战初期的和平原子、和平主义物理学家和和平派(1947-1957)

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00236-x

Stefano Salvia

{"title":"Embattled Cooperation(s): Peaceful Atoms, Pacifist Physicists, and Partisans of Peace in the Early Cold War (1947–1957)","authors":"Stefano Salvia","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00236-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00236-x","url":null,"abstract":"The famous nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo, who defected to the USSR in 1950, was affiliated to the internationalist network called “Partisans of Peace,” founded in 1949. Later renamed the World Peace Council, it was an organization of pacifist scientists, intellectuals, and artists like Frédéric Joliot-Curie and Pablo Picasso that was similar to the Pugwash movement, but part of the Comintern (later Cominform). As noted by Albert Einstein, the Partisans of Peace were “pacifist” in a very particular sense: they strongly criticized Western nuclear policies, but they justified the Soviet atomic programme as inevitable response to them. At the same time, physicists who joined the 1955 Russell–Einstein Manifesto like Joseph Rotblat and Norbert Wiener, or the 1957 G?ttingen Declaration like Otto Hahn and Max Born, were suspicious about the 1955 “Atoms for Peace” program, sponsored by the United States to balance the Soviet influence in Europe as well as in non-aligned countries. I will discuss these different—and partially overlapping—scientific-cooperation networks built in the name of “peace” during the hottest years of the Cold War, when peace itself had become an ideological weapon in the hands of a militarized science.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 1","pages":"43 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00236-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4291900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Physics Is Its History 物理学是它的历史

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-018-0231-1

Robert Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Peter Pesic

引用次数: 0