Physics in Perspective最新文献_第7页

In Europe 在欧洲

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2

Jeroen van Dongen

{"title":"In Europe","authors":"Jeroen van Dongen","doi":"10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2","url":null,"abstract":"As the History of Science Society, which is based in America, holds its annual meeting in Utrecht, one of the key academic centers on the European continent, one may surmise that the field has returned home. Yet, this hardly reflects how today’s world of scholarship is constituted: in the historiography of science, “provincializing Europe” has become an important theme, while the field itself, as is the case across the world of academia, is centered around a predominantly American literature. At the same time, ever since historians of science emancipated themselves from the sciences a long time ago, they often have appeared, in the public eye, to question rather than to seek to bolster the authority of the sciences. How has this situation come about, and what does it tell us about the world we live in today? What insight is sought and what public benefit is gained by the historical study of science? As we try to answer these questions, we will follow a number of key mid-twentieth-century historians—Eduard Dijksterhuis, Thomas Kuhn, and Martin Klein—in their Atlantic crossings. Their answers to debates on the constitution of the early modern scientific revolution or the novelty of the work of Max Planck will illustrate how notions of “center” and “periphery” have shifted—and what that may tell us about being “in Europe” today.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"22 1","pages":"3 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4132483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“It’s better to forget physics”: The Idea of the Tactical Nuclear Weapon in the Early Cold War “最好忘记物理”:冷战早期战术核武器的想法

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00251-3

Christian P. Ruhl

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Einstein’s Gyros 修正:爱因斯坦的陀螺仪

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00250-4

József Illy

引用次数: 0

Einstein’s Gyros Einstein’s Gyros

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00248-7

József Illy

引用次数: 2

Physics and (Natural) Philosophy 物理与(自然)哲学

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00249-6

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 0

Varying Constants of Nature: Fragments of a History 自然的变化常数:历史的片段

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00247-8

Helge Kragh

{"title":"Varying Constants of Nature: Fragments of a History","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00247-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00247-8","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of constants of nature originated in the late-nineteenth century and has since then increasingly occupied the minds of physicists. But are the constants truly constant? Inspired by Paul Dirac’s suggestion that the gravitational constant varies slowly in time, the question was addressed not only by physicists but also by astronomers, geologists, and paleontologists. Pascual Jordan in Germany and Robert Dicke in the United States formulated theories of gravitation that went beyond general relativity by incorporating a varying gravitational constant. These theories had cosmological consequences and also implications for the earth sciences. During the period 1955–1975, theories of varying gravity played a significant role in the process that led to the plate-tectonics revolution. Although the theories turned out to be wrong, this chapter in the history of interdisciplinary science deserves attention. For one thing, it changed the landscape of both the cosmological and geological sciences. For another thing, the question of varying natural constants is still unsettled and the subject of scientific investigation. The article focuses on the period from about 1930–1975, but also includes some comments of a more general nature.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 4","pages":"257 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00247-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5129389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Biography and the History of Physics 物理学的传记和历史

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00245-w

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 0

Correction to: From Liverpool to Beijing and Chongqing: William Band’s Adventure in Wartime China 更正:从利物浦到北京和重庆:威廉班德在战时中国的冒险

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00244-x

Danian Hu

引用次数: 0

What the Middle-Aged Galileo Told the Elderly Galileo: Galileo’s Search for the Laws of Fall 中年伽利略告诉老年伽利略:伽利略对坠落规律的探索

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00243-y

Penha Maria Cardozo Dias, Mariana Faria Brito Francisquini, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar, Marta Feijó Barroso

{"title":"What the Middle-Aged Galileo Told the Elderly Galileo: Galileo’s Search for the Laws of Fall","authors":"Penha Maria Cardozo Dias, Mariana Faria Brito Francisquini, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar, Marta Feijó Barroso","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00243-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00243-y","url":null,"abstract":"Recent historiographic results in Galilean studies disclose the use of proportions, graphical representation of the kinematic variables (distance, time, speed), and the medieval double distance rule in Galileo’s reasoning; these have been characterized as Galileo’s “tools for thinking.” We assess the import of these “tools” in Galileo’s reasoning leading to the laws of fall ((v^{2} propto D) and (v propto t)). To this effect, a reconstruction of folio 152r shows that Galileo built proportions involving distance, time, and speed in uniform motions, and applied to them the double distance rule to obtain uniformly accelerated motions; the folio indicates that he tried to fit proportions in a graph. Analogously, an argument in Two New Sciences to the effect that an earlier proof of the law of fall started from an incorrect hypothesis (v?∝?D) can be recast in the language of proportions, using only the proof that v?∝?t and the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 3","pages":"194 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00243-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4602469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors 卡尔·普兹布拉姆:放射性、晶体和颜色

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z

Wolfgang L. Reiter

{"title":"Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors","authors":"Wolfgang L. Reiter","doi":"10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z","url":null,"abstract":"Karl Przibram is one of the pioneers of early solid state physics in the field of the interdependence of coloration effects and luminescence in solids (crystals, minerals) induced by radiation. In 1921 Przibram discovered the effect of radio-photoluminescence, the light-stimulated phosphorescence in activated crystals induced by gamma rays. In 1926 Przibram was the first to use the term, Farbzentrum (color center, F-center), and in 1923 he advanced the view of atomic centers as carriers of coloration. Being a pupil of Ludwig Boltzmann and Franz S. Exner, he dedicated his early work to condensation and conductivity phenomena in gases and Brownian motion. Under the influence of Stefan Meyer, he began his lifelong interest in mineralogy, setting up his own research group at the Vienna Radium Institute, which pioneered investigations on thermoluminescence and gave a first description of glow curves. Being of Jewish descent, Przibram had to leave Austria after the Nazis took power; he found shelter in Belgium and returned to Austria in 1946 as professor for experimental physics at the University of Vienna. This paper is a first attempt to give an overview of the cultural and scientific background of Przibram’s life and science in context of the cultural and political developments from 1900 to 1950 in Austria.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"21 3","pages":"163 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4486505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1