Physics in Perspective最新文献_第6页

Fundamental Themes in Physics from the History of Art 艺术史中物理学的基本主题

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7

Robert Fleck

{"title":"Fundamental Themes in Physics from the History of Art","authors":"Robert Fleck","doi":"10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mindful of a stated Project 2061 goal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, emphasizing that “scientific literacy includes seeing the scientific endeavor in the light of cultural and intellectual history,” and in the continuing spirit of narrowing the gap between the “two cultures” by enhancing STEAM awareness and education, this essay illustrates, quite literally through well-known works of Western art, the striking parallels between fundamental themes in physics and the visual arts through history. These connections include: the identification of microcosm–macrocosm analogies in prehistoric proto-science; the beginning of the appreciation in pre-classical antiquity of the lawfulness of nature under the aegis of a Divine Lawgiver; the rise of rationalism and the first theories of the architecture of matter during the so-called “Greek miracle”; the overlapping role of theology’s “handmaiden” during the emblematic medieval Age of Faith; Renaissance renovations and the triumph of the “mechanical universe” as the capstone of the scientific revolution in the early modern period; the influence on physics of the Romantic notion of an underlying unity in all of nature, and the increasing abstraction in both art and physics during the nineteenth century; and, finally, the parallels between twentieth-century art and the physics of relativity and quantum theory, concluding with examples from modern cosmology.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"23 1","pages":"25 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5502894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Redshifts versus Paradigm Shifts: Against Renaming Hubble’s Law 红移与范式转移:反对重命名哈勃定律

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00263-z

Cormac O’Raifeartaigh, Michael O’Keeffe

引用次数: 1

A Reconsideration of Ştefania Mărăcineanu’s Measurements of Polonium-210’s Half-Life: Understanding Her Claim to the Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity 重新考虑Ştefania muricurcineanu对钋-210半衰期的测量:理解她对人工放射性发现的主张

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00259-9

Dorel Bucurescu

{"title":"A Reconsideration of Ştefania Mărăcineanu’s Measurements of Polonium-210’s Half-Life: Understanding Her Claim to the Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity","authors":"Dorel Bucurescu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-020-00259-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00259-9","url":null,"abstract":"I re-examine the raw data of the measurements of the half-life of 210Po from the Romanian physicist ?tefania M?r?cineanu’s doctoral thesis, performed at the Institut du Radium, 1921–1923, under the supervision of Marie Curie. The half-life values reported in the thesis show relatively large divergences and a possible dependence on the (metallic) support on which the Po source was deposited. These findings influenced M?r?cineanu’s subsequent independent research, and later compelled her to claim priority for the discovery of artificial radioactivity. The present analysis of these data, performed with the least-squares method, certifies the outstanding accuracy of the experimental measurements by providing values with good agreement between the different series of measurements and an average value that is close to the currently adopted half-life value of this isotope. On the other hand, this analysis changes our perspective by showing that the rudimentary procedure M?r?cineanu used to processing the data introduced errors in her reported values, which favored a poor interpretation of the results.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"22 3","pages":"162 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00259-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4447751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joshua Nall, News from Mars: Mass Media and the Forging of a New Astronomy, 1860–1910, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019, 287 pages, $50 (hardcover) 约书亚·纳尔，《来自火星的新闻:大众传媒与新天文学的形成，1860-1910》，匹兹堡:匹兹堡大学出版社，2019年，287页，50美元(精装本)

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00261-1

Robert W. Smith

引用次数: 0

Enrico Fermi’s Discovery of Neutron-Induced Artificial Radioactivity: A Case of “Emanation” from “Divine Providence” 恩里科·费米发现中子诱导的人工放射性:一个来自“神意”的“散发”案例

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00258-w

Francesco Guerra, Matteo Leone, Nadia Robotti

引用次数: 1

Don’t Be Like Ike 不要像艾克那样

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00257-x

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 0

The Battle of the Astronomers: Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest at the Court of the Celestial Emperors (1660–1670) 天文学家之战:约翰·亚当·沙尔·冯·贝尔和费迪南德·韦尔比斯特在天庭上(1660-1670)

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00254-0

Stefano Salvia

{"title":"The Battle of the Astronomers: Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest at the Court of the Celestial Emperors (1660–1670)","authors":"Stefano Salvia","doi":"10.1007/s00016-020-00254-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00254-0","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is focused on the two most outstanding figures among the Jesuit missionaries in seventeenth-century China: Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest. Schall aimed to introduce the telescope into Chinese astronomy, which was traditionally based on naked-eye observation and calculation. With the advent of the Qing dynasty, he became head of the Mathematical Board and director of the Imperial Observatory. Verbiest was called upon in 1660 to assist Schall in his project of reforming the Chinese traditional calendar. The political situation changed in 1661, with the Empire ruled by a regency hostile to the Jesuits, as were most of the mandarins at the observatory. This was the difficult context of the famous dispute between Yang Guangxian, Wu Mingxuan, and the two Jesuit mathematicians to compare the merits of Western and Chinese astronomy, which lasted from 1664 to 1669. What happened was more than a scientific contest and a court conspiracy: it was a cultural confrontation between the Jesuits and the traditionalist side of the ruling elite, which regarded the Europeans and their increasing influence as a threat for the Empire.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"22 2","pages":"81 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00254-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4088699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

When Missionary Astronomy Encountered Chinese Astrology: Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Chinese Calendar Reform in the Seventeenth Century 当传教天文学遇到中国占星术:约翰·亚当·夏尔·冯·贝尔与17世纪中国历法改革

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00255-z

Liyuan Liu

{"title":"When Missionary Astronomy Encountered Chinese Astrology: Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Chinese Calendar Reform in the Seventeenth Century","authors":"Liyuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00016-020-00255-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00255-z","url":null,"abstract":"Western missionaries played an important role as go-betweens, promoting communication and interaction between Europe and China in science, culture, and religion. In 1644, the Qing government appointed the Germany Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell head of the Bureau of Astronomy, placing him in charge of reforming the Chinese calendar. In the traditional calendar, in addition to dates based on astronomical calculation, there were annotations attached to each day, which included auspicious and inauspicious days with advice on what to do in daily life according to Chinese astrology. Schall reformed the time arrangements with Western astronomical methods. However, he hoped to go further and proposed to change the annotations on the basis of Western natural astrology. Why did Schall choose to import Western astrology into Chinese astronomy, rather than simply sticking to astronomy? I argue that his views were influenced by both the attitudes of the Roman Catholic Church and the Aristotelianism scholarly tradition. The underlying tensions between Europe and China did not involve conflicts between science and pseudoscience, but between different religious beliefs, as well as different natural philosophies and cosmologies. The encounter of two radically different cultural traditions reflected the complicated relationship between science and belief from a global point of view.","PeriodicalId":727,"journal":{"name":"Physics in Perspective","volume":"22 2","pages":"110 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00255-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4874766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Concept of Fact in German Physics around 1900: A Comparison between Mach and Einstein 1900年前后德国物理学中的事实概念:马赫与爱因斯坦之比较

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00256-y

Elske de Waal, Sjang L. ten Hagen

引用次数: 7

Recentering the History of Physics 重新进入物理学史

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Physics in Perspective Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00016-020-00253-1

Robert P. Crease, Joseph D. Martin, Richard Staley

引用次数: 1