Zhe-Xuan Wang, Bin Zhang, Ming Wen, Fei Liang, Guang-Ping Zhang
{"title":"Achieving Superior Strength and Ductility of Ni/Ni–W Laminated Composites for Cutting-Edge MEMS Applications","authors":"Zhe-Xuan Wang, Bin Zhang, Ming Wen, Fei Liang, Guang-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance the reliability of micro-electromechanical system movable components, coarse-grained (CG) Ni/nanocrystalline (NC) Ni–W laminated composites with improved strength and ductility are fabricated herein. Tensile properties and deformation behavior of CG Ni/NC Ni–W laminated composites with varying Ni–W layer thicknesses are investigated. The results indicate that the CG Ni/NC Ni–W laminated composite with a thickness ratio of 40:1 demonstrates a favorable combination of a high tensile strength (886.5 MPa) and an excellent elongation to failure (6.7%) compared to the monolithic Ni and other laminated composites. The improved tensile property is attributed to the coupling effect of the CG Ni and the NC Ni–W layers. The introduction of the heterogeneous structure and the high-strength NC Ni–W layers can enhance the strength. The coordinated deformation between the NC Ni–W and the CG Ni layers increases the necking resistance of the Ni layers, thereby improving the toughness of the laminated composites. This finding offers a potential component selection of the laminated composites and optimization design strategy for enhancing the reliability of components in microelectromechanical system devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon Huffman, Behrad Koohbor, Dennis Miller, Subramani Sockalingam, Michael A. Sutton, George Youssef
{"title":"Strain Rate Effect on the Structural Performance of Mathematically Generated Metastructures","authors":"Brandon Huffman, Behrad Koohbor, Dennis Miller, Subramani Sockalingam, Michael A. Sutton, George Youssef","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Additive manufacturing approaches enable designing and fabricating structures with complex geometries, such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices with unique mechanics. TPMS structures are pursued for impact mitigation for civilian and military applications. Herein, additive manufacturing of TPMS structures (gyroids, Schwarz diamond, and Schwarz primitive) is done using hyperelastic photocurable resin with glass microballoon reinforcements and the strain rate effects on the mechanical responses are investigated. A successful optimization of vat photopolymerization 3D printing is done to realize TPMS structures with modified photocurable resin with up to 20.6 vol% (20 wt%) glass microballoons. An exploratory investigation is performed using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar to test the impact response of bulk samples and TPMS structures. It is found that glass-reinforced hyperelastic resins exhibit favorable mechanical and structural behaviors, motivating comprehensive experimental regimens as a function of strain rates, including quasi-static and low- and moderate-velocity loading scenarios. The results highlight the affinity of gyroid structures to self-contact and relative sliding, enhancing the performance at low strain rates. The primitive TPMS structures outperform the remaining counterparts in the impact loading scenarios based on the structural performance. The outcomes of this research evidence the potential of 3D-printed TPMS structures with glass-reinforced hyperelastic photocurable resins for improved impact efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Biodegradable Bamboo Powder and Jute Powder","authors":"Vimukthi Dananjaya, Yongqi Wang, Yashi Zheng, Prasad Potluri, Chamil Abeykoon","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The additive manufacturing of biodegradable polymer composites offers a sustainable approach to material development, yet performance challenges persist. This research investigates using bamboo powder and jute stick powder as reinforcements in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Bamboo and jute powders are individually blended with PLA using a twin-screw extruder to create composites, which are then fabricated into test samples via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, and bending are evaluated, while thermal and structural properties are characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and rheometry. Results reveal a significant reduction in mechanical properties with the addition of bamboo and jute powders. For instance, the tensile strength peaks at 38.13 MPa with 9 wt% bamboo powder but drops to 29.24 MPa at 3 wt%, compared to 41.41 MPa for pure PLA. This decline is attributed to weak fiber-matrix adhesion and uneven fiber distribution. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the potential of incorporating bamboo and jute powders as reinforcing fibers in polylactic acid (PLA) composites to develop sustainable materials with improved properties. This study comprehensively demonstrates the potential for sustainable composites while highlighting areas for optimization in material design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202402835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Activation and Variant Selection of α″ Martensite in Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr Alloy during Compression Deformation","authors":"Xin Wen, Ningning Zhang, Renlong Xin, Mingpan Wan","doi":"10.1002/adem.202403026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202403026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article aims to understand the grain orientation-dependent stress-induced martensite (SIM) transformation in Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti17) alloy. The variant selection of β → α″ transformation is particularly focused on as the activation of different variants largely determines the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Profuse SIM transformation is observed in Ti17 alloy after compression deformation at room temperature. The habit planes of the activated martensites are analyzed in a statistical manner, and then Schmid factors (SFs) for the martensitic transformation are calculated. It is revealed that the activation of α″ martensites in Ti17 alloy is highly dependent on the initial orientation of β grains. Over 75% of the martensites select the variant with the first or second-largest SF, and about 63% prefer the invariant planes with higher SF as their habit planes. Geometric compatibility factor (<i>m</i>′) is for the first time, used to evaluate the strain compatibility of martensite (or slip)-induced martensites at grain boundaries (GBs). It is revealed that the selection of the habit planes seems to be largely affected by the strain compatibility required at GBs, which sheds light into understanding the activation and variant selection of SIM in meta-stable titanium alloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superior Shock Resistance of Magnesium and Magnesium–Aluminum Alloys with Cerium Addition","authors":"Maadhav Anand, Shreshtha Ranjan, Shubham Sisodia, Gopalan Jagadeesh, Satyam Suwas, Ankur Chauhan","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the shock response of forged and annealed commercially pure magnesium (Cp<b>–</b>Mg) and its cerium (Ce)-alloyed variants (Mg<b>–</b>0.5Ce and Mg<b>–</b>3Al<b>–</b>0.5Ce). Shock loading is performed using a conventional shock tube setup at two pressure levels along the forging direction (FD). Under low-pressure conditions, all materials deform without fracturing, with Cp<b>–</b>Mg exhibiting the highest deflection. However, at higher pressure, Cp<b>–</b>Mg discs fracture, displaying brittle cleavage, whereas Mg<b>–</b>0.5Ce and Mg<b>–</b>3Al<b>–</b>0.5Ce absorb impact energy without failure due to their superior strength–ductility balance. Among the Ce-alloyed variants, Mg<b>–</b>3Al<b>–</b>0.5Ce demonstrates slightly better shock resistance, exhibiting lower deflection and effective strain. Shock loading does not alter the grain size but results in a high density of predominantly extension twins that complements slip activity in all materials, particularly at higher pressures and in Cp<b>–</b>Mg. Post-shock analysis reveals the greatest reduction in basal texture intensity in Cp<b>–</b>Mg, while Mg<b>–</b>0.5Ce and Mg<b>–</b>3Al<b>–</b>0.5Ce show a moderate decrease. This reduction is attributed to slip and twinning, with Cp<b>–</b>Mg displaying the highest twinning activity. Local misorientation analysis indicates strain localization and stress concentrations at twin–matrix interfaces. Overall, Mg<b>–</b>0.5Ce and Mg<b>–</b>3Al<b>–</b>0.5Ce exhibit superior shock resistance compared to Cp<b>–</b>Mg, owing to their higher toughness, lower twin density, and increased non-basal slip activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial Nano-Ag/Cu Composite Coatings on Pure Ti Implants by Magnetron Sputtering Following Pretreatment for Dental Applications","authors":"Xun Ma, Leilei Yu, Peixu Cheng, Ping Liu, Sergey Karpushenkov, Jiannan Liu, Wei Li","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402437","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pure Ti is widely utilized in dental implant applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility. However, its lack of antibacterial properties poses a limitation. To address this constraint, nanocomposite coatings with novel topographic microstructure and Ag, Cu nanoparticles are introduced onto the surface of pure Ti implants through sandblasting, acid etching, and hydrothermal treatment and magnetron sputtering. In addition, polished Ti substrates, Ti substrates subjected to sandblasting, acid etching, and hydrothermal treatment, as well as Ti samples individually magnetron sputtered with Ag and Cu, are fabricated and investigated. A systematic comparison between those samples is performed to investigate the influence of substrate surface microstructure and element composition on physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial performance of Ti implants. The results demonstrate that sandblasting, acid etching, and alkali heat treatment significantly enhance the surface roughness of pure Ti, thereby improving its wettability. Nano-Ag and nano-Cu particles are deposited via magnetron sputtering technology, resulting in excellent antibacterial properties. Compared to the single-layer coating, the nano-composite coating exhibited superior antibacterial activity despite releasing lower concentrations of Ag<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Therefore, nanocomposite Ag- and Cu-based coatings fabricated by sandblasting, acid etching, hydrothermal treatment, and magnetron sputtering, effectively enhance the antibacterial properties of Ti implants for dental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pei Wei, Yi Chen, Zhen Chen, Sen Yao, Xiaoyong Huang, Min Li, Jiajian Wang, Bingheng Lu
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of K418 Superalloy Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"Pei Wei, Yi Chen, Zhen Chen, Sen Yao, Xiaoyong Huang, Min Li, Jiajian Wang, Bingheng Lu","doi":"10.1002/adem.202403067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202403067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the purpose of optimizing the microstructures and the resultant mechanical properties of K418 superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), various heat treatments including direct aging and solution/aging treatments at various temperatures and durations are undertaken. The effect of heat-treated temperature and duration on microstructure and mechanical properties is studied systematically. The results show that the <i>γ′</i> and metal carbide (MC)-type carbide precipitates are formed during heat treatment and growth with increasing solution and aging temperature, which have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of LPBF-ed K418 superalloy. Compared to solution/aging heat treatment, direct aging heat treatment is more conducive to improving the mechanical properties of materials. The as-built K418 superalloy exhibits a maximum tensile strength of ≈1169 ± 28.3 MPa at aging temperature of 800 °C for 16 h, while its elongation is relatively low, ≈4.83 ± 0.78%. The strengthening mechanisms have been confirmed by microstructure analysis to be secondary phase and grain boundary strengthening mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna V. Spivak, Tatiana V. Setkova, Ludmila A. Gorelova, Oleg S. Vereshchagin, Valentin N. Kovalev, Egor S. Zakharchenko, Sergey N. Britvin, Vladimir N. Bocharov
{"title":"β-Ga4GeO8 Stability Under Extreme Conditions (up to 600 °C and 30 GPa)","authors":"Anna V. Spivak, Tatiana V. Setkova, Ludmila A. Gorelova, Oleg S. Vereshchagin, Valentin N. Kovalev, Egor S. Zakharchenko, Sergey N. Britvin, Vladimir N. Bocharov","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The Ga<sub>4</sub>GeO<sub>8</sub> compound has attracted sufficient attention as an advanced optical material and host matrix material for near-infrared phosphors. A complex study (scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction, lattice dynamics calculations, and Raman spectroscopy up to 600 °C and 30 GPa) is presented on the synthetic <i>β</i>-Ga<sub>4</sub>GeO<sub>8</sub> compound. The <i>β</i>-Ga<sub>4</sub>GeO<sub>8</sub> crystals (up to 200 μm in size) are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (600/650 °C, 100 MPa) at temperatures sufficiently lower than previously reported. The unit cell parameters are: <i>a</i> = 8.2701(2), <i>b</i> = 8.2392(2), <i>c</i> = 9.0886(2) Å, <i>β</i> = 117.674(1)°, <i>V</i> = 548.45(2) Å<sup>3</sup>, space group <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>c</i>. The obtained structural data are used for the lattice dynamics calculations. The assignment of <i>A</i><sub>g</sub> and <i>B</i><sub>g</sub> bands (cm<sup>−1</sup>) in calculated and experimental non-polarized Raman spectra at the ambient conditions is carried out. No significant changes are observed in the Raman spectra up to ≈600 °C. <i>In situ</i> Raman spectroscopy indicates that the structural integrity of the material is well preserved up to ≈11 GPa. Thus, <i>β</i>-Ga<sub>4</sub>GeO<sub>8</sub> is stable at least up to ≈600 °C and ≈11 GPa, which may indicate its potential applications under extreme conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Atomic Segregation and Ordered Stacking Fault Phase Transformation Along the Superlattice Stacking Fault During Creep in a Novel Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloy","authors":"Xinyu Li, Haopeng Zhang, Xiaokun Li, Jian Jia, Changsheng Liu, Jiantao Liu, Yiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adem.202401530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Superlattice stacking faults (SSFs) in the γ′ precipitate of a novel powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based superalloy after creep rupture at 760 °C/552 MPa are analyzed through atomic-level characterization. The results show that the Cottrell atmosphere formed by the segregation of γ formers Cr, Co, and Mo near the leading partial dislocation drives the extension of SSFs. Co, Cr, Mo, and W segregate along the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault and lead to the formation of the ordered stacking fault phase ε-D0<sub>19</sub>. Meanwhile, Co, Ti, W, and Nb segregate along the superlattice extrinsic stacking fault and promote the formation of the ordered phase η-D0<sub>24</sub>. In addition, the formation process diagram of the SSF with ordered phase under the aid of segregation is drawn. The transformation of the ordered stacking fault phase can be evaluated by the atomic ratios of Al over the stacking fault phase formers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clément Ernould, Martin Jay, Jean-Marc Auger, Julien Lesseur, Benoît Tranchand
{"title":"Mass Finishing of Ti–6Al–4V Additively Manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition with Powder Process","authors":"Clément Ernould, Martin Jay, Jean-Marc Auger, Julien Lesseur, Benoît Tranchand","doi":"10.1002/adem.202402882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The surface finish of parts produced by laser metal deposition using powder (LMD-p) is a major economic factor limiting process acceptance in industry. It notably hampers nondestructive testing, delaying scrap detection. The later typically occurs after costly operations (machining of LMD blank and computed tomography), hence damaging economic competitiveness while severely limiting achievable geometries. This motivates the development of surface post-treatment for additively manufactured metal components. However, the millimeter-scale waviness created by the deposited beads presents an additional challenge for LMD parts compared to powder bed fusion. Although a well-established industrial method, mass finishing (MF) has seen few academic studies. Yet, its ability to attain mirrorlike surfaces is valuable for improving the fatigue strength of alloys sensitive to surface defects, such as Ti–6Al–4V. This work demonstrates the potential of a staged approach in line with industrial practices for the post-treatment of LMD-p mechanical specimens. Effects of polymer and ceramic abrasive media during high-energy centrifugal barrel finishing are compared, each yielding noticeably different surface finish. Additional fatigue tests and X-ray radiography evidence the benefits of MF in terms of mechanical properties and inspection capability. Other post-treatments such as laser or chemical polishing complement this study for comparison and discussion purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}