Advanced Engineering Materials最新文献

{"title":"Geometry-Faithful Strain Normalization for Interface-Controlled Strengthening in Phase-Transforming Filamentary Composites","authors":"Obinna Onyebuchi Barah,&nbsp;Abdulrazak Jinadu Otaru,&nbsp;Ige Bori,&nbsp;Sami F. Khalil","doi":"10.1002/adem.71072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In deformation-processed composites, strength is governed by refinement of a codeforming second phase into a dense filamentary architecture that constrains plasticity through interfacial barriers. When a postdeformation phase transformation alters reinforcement volume and filament geometry at fixed macroscopic dimensions, nominal true strain no longer uniquely represents the operative interfacial length scale. Here, a geometry-faithful framework is introduced to restore a one-to-one mapping between deformation state and reinforcement length scale through an effective-strain normalization that accounts for transformation-induced filament expansion. The approach is demonstrated using a filamentary Al/Ca composite and its postdeformation converted Al/Al₂Ca state, combining tensile testing, quantitative filament-thickness measurements, and barrier-type scaling. Normalization aids direct comparison at matched filament thickness (<i>t</i> ≈ 1.10–0.35 µm), enabling assessment of the geometry-normalized apparent interfacial barrier effect separately from chemistry-driven geometry changes. On a geometry-consistent basis, strength in both states follows an inverse-thickness dependence (∝1/<i>t</i>), consistent with interface-controlled dislocation glide, while the transformed state exhibits higher strengthening efficiency at high refinement, reaching ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 365 MPa at <i>t</i> ≈ 0.35 µm (<i>η</i>_eff ≈ 12.7) with only a modest conductivity penalty (31.5 MS m⁻¹, ≈10% relative to Al). Effective-strain normalization thus decouples deformation history from transformation-induced geometry evolution and provides a transferable basis for ranking reinforcement efficiency in postdeformation phase-transforming composites. The normalization is applicable when the reinforcement retains a continuous filamentary topology and transformation-induced expansion is approximately uniform; it becomes less reliable when filament breakup, spheroidization, or reaction gradients make filament thickness no longer representative of the operative barrier spacing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Face-Centered Cubic–Body-Centered Cubic Dual Phases to Single Body-Centered Cubic: Effect of Cr Content on the Phase Structure and Wear Mechanism of Laser-Cladded FeCoCrNiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coatings","authors":"Qiangqiang Jiang,&nbsp;Jian Hu,&nbsp;Huifang Dong,&nbsp;Xiuzhu Fang,&nbsp;Wenming Du","doi":"10.1002/adem.71078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The FeCoCrNiAl high-entropy alloy powder was mixed with Cr powder at different mass fractions, and a series of coatings were fabricated by laser cladding. The effects of Cr addition on the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and tribological properties of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results show that the FeCoCrNiAl coating without Cr addition consists of coexisting face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. With increasing Cr content, a complete phase transformation from FCC to BCC occurs, resulting in a single BCC structure. The average grain size exhibits a nonmonotonic evolution with increasing Cr content, initially increasing and subsequently decreasing, reaching 12.64 μm at 30% Cr. Correspondingly, the microhardness increases from 475.55 HV₁ to 635.12 HV₁, mainly due to the combined effects of phase-transformation strengthening, solid-solution strengthening, and grain refinement. Although the wear rate initially increases, it decreases at higher Cr contents. At 30% Cr, the coating exhibits the lowest wear rate, showing a reduction of approximately 57.14%.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Stiffness Graded Metal–Ceramic Femoral Stems: UMAT-Based Design and Finite Element Assessment","authors":"Rihem Nouira,&nbsp;Sameh Elleuch,&nbsp;Hanen Jrad","doi":"10.1002/adem.71069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functionally graded metal–ceramic materials represent a promising strategy for tailoring the stiffness of load-bearing biomedical implants and mitigating the mechanical mismatch between metallic femoral stems and bone. In this study, a continuous UMAT-based finite element framework is developed for the material-driven design of stiffness-graded femoral stems. In contrast to conventional layer-wise FGM approximations, the proposed formulation assigns the elastic modulus directly at the integration-point level, thereby generating a continuous stiffness field without artificial material interfaces. Three metal–ceramic systems, namely Ti–HA, CoCr–HA, and SS316L–HA, are systematically evaluated using power-law, sigmoid, and exponential gradation profiles with different volume fraction indices. The influence of metallic substrate, gradation law, and volume fraction index on stem stress redistribution, proximal femoral stress transfer, stress shielding, and implant–bone micromotion is assessed. The UMAT implementation is verified against equivalent layer-wise FGM models, which progressively converge toward the continuous solution. The results demonstrate that low-index power-law Ti–HA stems provide the most favorable compromise between reduced stress shielding, enhanced proximal load transfer, and controlled micromotion, offering design guidelines for continuously graded metal–ceramic biomedical implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXenes From Fundamentals to Market: Structural Characteristics, Emerging Synthesis Routes, Applications, and AI-Accelerated Innovations","authors":"Vaibhav Jain,&nbsp;Bhavya Jain,&nbsp;Ashish Kalkal,&nbsp;Shailaja Sampat,&nbsp;Vasu Jain","doi":"10.1002/adem.71151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MXenes, a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides have attracted significant attention because of their layered structures, metallic conductivity, and tunable surface chemistry. These unique characteristics allow precise control of their physical, and chemical properties, making them promising materials for diverse advanced applications. This review provides an overview of recent progress in MXene research, covering their structure, synthesis, properties, and applications. The structural characteristics of MXenes, including atomic arrangements, surface terminations, and interlayer interactions, are discussed to explain their influence on electrical, thermal, optical, and electrochemical behavior. Recent advances in synthesis methods are then examined, including conventional top-down etching techniques and emerging fluoride-free, hydrothermal, and scalable approaches that aim to improve safety, reproducibility, and industrial applicability. The review further highlights important structure–property relationships, emphasizing the roles of compositional tuning, surface functionalization, and hybridization in controlling charge transport, ion diffusion, mechanical flexibility, and stability. Finally, recent MXene applications in energy storage, smart textiles, healthcare, environmental remediation, and electromagnetic interference shielding are reviewed, together with the growing role of artificial intelligence in materials design and performance optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Analysis of Ca-Modified γ–Al2O3 Nanocoating on Graphite for Application in Al2O3-C Monolithic Refractory Ceramics at Harsh Environment","authors":"Sunanda Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1002/adem.71073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper deals with newer insights on preparation and implementation of incorporating calcium aluminate coated graphite in alumina-carbon monolithic refractories. The course of evolution of nanosized hydrophilic selective coating on surface-treated graphite is depicted by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) conjugated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the respective sol–gel precursor. An extensive research has been conducted to distinguish between as-received and coated graphites as regards the fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, oxidation resistance, scanning electron microscopy, field emission SEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy studies supplemented with the elemental mapping and transmission electron microscopy. The positron annihilation lifetime spectra of uncoated, coated (green), and coated (calcined) graphites have been specially witnessed to emphasize the decisive influence of Ca-modified γ–Al₂O₃ coating on graphite. Determination of physical characteristics, slag corrosion resistance and selective mechanical with thermomechanical behaviour of refractory castables including coated or uncoated graphite have also been brought about to conclusively bring forth a less porous and much improved microstructure of the refractory owing to surface-modified sustainable graphites prevalent at the aggressive atmosphere of steel making.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back Cover: Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Enhancement Effect of Metallic Nanoparticles on Epoxy Composites (Adv. Eng. Mater. 18/2026)","authors":"Anisa Riaz,&nbsp;Xiaoli Xiong,&nbsp;Yizhou Lin,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Khan,&nbsp;Samuel Ajayi,&nbsp;Xingyu Wang,&nbsp;Chengcheng Tao,&nbsp;Ying Huang","doi":"10.1002/adem.71252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Metallic Nanoparticle-Reinforced Epoxy Composites</b></p><p>This study evaluates metallic nanoparticle-reinforced epoxy composites via experimental testing and RVE modeling. The cover image shows FEA-based RVE models of maximum principal plastic strain under tensile loading. Results indicate that nanoparticles with an optimal loading level will yield enhanced mechanical performance and abrasion resistance. Overall, the findings support the development and optimization of high-performance nanoparticle-reinforced epoxy composites. More details can be found in the Research Article by Ying Huang, Xingyu Wang, and co-workers (DOI:\u000010.1002/adem.71161).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Architectural Scaling of Gyroid Lattices on the Coupled Acoustic and Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane-Filled Interpenetrating Phase Composites","authors":"Evgenii Sysoev,&nbsp;Maxim Yu. Arsentev,&nbsp;Maxim M. Sychov,&nbsp;Linar Shafigullin,&nbsp;Michael Nosonovsky,&nbsp;Ekaterina Skorb","doi":"10.1002/adem.71176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPCs) based on Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) architectures for multifunctional aerospace and automotive applications. Hybrid IPCs were developed by infiltrating 3D-printed Gyroid lattices with moisture-curing polyurethane foam. The research evaluates frequency-dependent sound absorption and quasi-static mechanical properties using experimental measurements and JCALP numerical modeling. The results demonstrate that reducing unit cell size enhances both stiffness and high-frequency absorption. A critical synergy is identified at a 6 mm cell size, where foam infiltration increases sound absorption by 12.4% and shifts peaks toward lower frequencies. Mechanically, the IPC configuration provides a confinement effect that stabilizes the Gyroid struts against buckling. For the G04 architecture, Young’s modulus and specific energy absorption increased by up to 24.6% and 15.3%, respectively, relative to an equivalent-mass unfilled Gyroid lattice with the same 4 mm unit-cell size. Foam infiltration modified the acoustic response depending on the Gyroid unit-cell size. Optical observations suggest a wall-induced variation in foam cell morphology. The combined results demonstrate that changing unit-cell size under constant wall thickness changes the overall architecture, including porosity and relative density, which collectively influence the acoustic and mechanical response, providing practical design guidelines for multifunctional lightweight structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover: Multimodal Data-Driven Microstructure Characterization (Adv. Eng. Mater. 17/2026)","authors":"Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Santiago Benito,&nbsp;Özge Özgün,&nbsp;Sebastian Weber,&nbsp;Markus Stricker","doi":"10.1002/adem.71200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Data-Driven Microstructural Segmentation</b></p><p>In their Research Article (10.1002/adem.202503154), Qi Zhang and co-workers present an automated and robust unsupervised data-driven workflow for grain and phase segmentation as well as boundary detection using a complex microstructure of a partially reduced iron oxide pellet, integrating principle component-based (PCA) clustering with constrained nonnegative matrix factorization (cNMF). The\u0000cover illustrates the data-driven workflow for automated microstructural segmentation. An EBSD sampling grid is superimposed on crystallographic lattices, where each scan pixel is represented as a weighted combination of reference Kikuchi patterns, enabling automatic pixel-level grain boundary detection through weight-gradient intersections.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Characterization of Localized Creep Deformation and Failure in Grade 91 Weldments by Digital Image Correlation-Augmented Experimentation","authors":"Nikhil Suman,&nbsp;J. Ganesh Kumar,&nbsp;G. V. Prasad Reddy,&nbsp;Vikram Jayaram,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1002/adem.202503194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202503194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trimetallic weld joints between Grade-91, Alloy-800, and SS316LN steels are used at the steam generator inlet of prototype fast breeder reactors. In this configuration, dissimilar welds between ‘IN82 buttered Grade 91 steel and Alloy 800’ welded with IN182 electrode, are susceptible to premature creep failure. This vulnerability arises from microstructural degradation in Grade 91 adjacent to IN82 caused by thermo-mechanical effects during buttering, welding, and post-weld heat treatment. The resulting heat-affected zone exhibits strong heterogeneity in microstructure, which produces a graded strain field that conventional uniaxial creep tests cannot capture. In this study, digital image correlation is used to map strain evolution and failure in cross-weld Grade 91 flat subsize specimens tested at 550°C under stresses of 250–325 MPa, and to relate strain localization to microstructure. Strain evolution is highly inhomogeneous across the heat-affected zone, with local peak strains exceeding 20% in the intercritical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ), while average strains remain below 5%. Results identify the ICHAZ as the weakest region and the coarse-grained HAZ as the most creep-resistant. Rejuvenation of the ICHAZ by reducing precipitate depletion and martensite tempering is expected to improve creep life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Ti–Fe α/β Alloys by Diffusion-Driven Solid-State Processing","authors":"Jiaqi Xu,&nbsp;Xun Zhang,&nbsp;Jack M. Donoghue,&nbsp;Albert D. Smith,&nbsp;Rahul Unnikrishnan,&nbsp;Rhys Thomas,&nbsp;Vahid Nekouie,&nbsp;Jie Luo,&nbsp;Dongchen Hu,&nbsp;Michael Preuss,&nbsp;Philip J. Withers","doi":"10.1002/adem.202502959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502959","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some alloys are difficult to make by ingot metallurgy. Here, the potential for making alloys by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and homogenising powder mixtures is explored for Ti–Fe. Iron is an effective and cost-effective β stabiliser but gives rise to segregation issues during solidification. Exploiting the fact that Fe diffusion through Ti is fast, Fe and Ti powders are co-HIPed at, and homogenised at, only 800°C in order to create an α+β microstructure based on small prior β grains. The evolution of phase composition and elemental distribution during homogenisation has been tracked quantitatively in 3D by X-ray computed tomography and in 2D by energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The final homogenised microstructure consists of fine α Ti laths separated by β ligaments with a prior β grain size of only 80 μm, free of TiFe intermetallics with no indication of a grain boundary α constituent. Kirkendall pore formation was observed during homogenisation heat treatment due to the fast diffusion of Fe in Ti. This study shows the potential of HIP processing followed by homogenisation heat treatment as a novel solid-state manufacturing route for difficult-to-cast alloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202502959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}