Advanced Engineering Materials最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale Optical Characterization of Droplet Size Distributions in Aerosol Jet Printing","authors":"Simon Ferson,&nbsp;Eleonora Ferraris,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Vetrano","doi":"10.1002/adem.71033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasonic atomization is widely used to produce liquid aerosols for advanced manufacturing, yet in situ characterization of the resulting droplet size distributions remains difficult due to their polydispersity and the limitations of individual optical diagnostics. This study uses aerosol jet printing (AJP) as a representative case to examine the multiscale droplet populations generated under standard operating conditions. A theoretical framework for light–droplet interactions clarifies the applicability and uncertainties of common optical sizing methods. Two complementary diagnostics, Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and light extinction spectroscopy (LES), are applied to measure droplets exiting an ultrasonic atomizer spanning submicron to supermicron diameters. Experiments show that the ultrasonic atomization unit in AJP produces a broad droplet size distribution, including a significant population of submicron droplets detected upstream of the nozzle. PDA directly observes these droplets, and LES independently confirms their presence, indicating they are not solely produced by downstream evaporation or fragmentation. Variations in driving voltage, carrier gas flow, and pickup tube position substantially modify the measured distributions, demonstrating strong coupling between aerosol generation and operating conditions. These results highlight inherent limitations of single-wavelength optical monitoring and underscore the need for multiscale, multiparameter diagnostics for accurate characterization of ultrasonically generated aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover: Feasibility of Nitrogen as a Carrier Gas for Inconel Cold Spray in Hydropower Application (Adv. Eng. Mater. 16/2026)","authors":"Tianhao Wang,&nbsp;Mayur Pole,&nbsp;Tingkun Liu,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Ross,&nbsp;Christopher B. Smith","doi":"10.1002/adem.71170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cavitation Erosion Resistant Coatings on Hydropower Components</b></p><p>Cavitation erosion damages hydropower turbines, demanding costly repairs. The cover illustrates cold spray deposition, in which metal powders are propelled at supersonic velocities to form protective coatings on turbine surfaces. Christopher B. Smith, Kenneth A. Ross, Tianhao Wang, and co-workers from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory demonstrate in their Research Article (DOI: 10.1002/adem.70987) that low-cost nitrogen carrier gas, paired with refined powder feedstock, achieves cavitation erosion resistance 1.7 times better than stainless steels used in turbines.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Core-Shell P/B-g-C3N4@Cu3P With Strong Interfacial Coupling Effect to Enhance Flame Retardant Properties of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)","authors":"Zijie Liu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Dewen Xu,&nbsp;Minghua Li,&nbsp;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/adem.71030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing excellent flame-retardant biodegradable polymers is critical to high levels of fire safety. Herein, copper phosphide (Cu₃P) is cleverly coated on the surface of P/B co-doped g-C₃N₄ (PBCN) by an in situ self-assembly strategy, denoted as PBCN@Cu₃P. PBCN@Cu₃P is added to poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to build an environmentally friendly core–shell flame retardant (PBAT/PBCN@Cu₃P) by in situ hot-melt method. The strong interfacial electron conjugation effect achieves a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase carbon layer enhancement. As expected, the optimized the PBCN@ Cu₃P/PBAT flame retardant peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 22.18% and 13.23%, respectively. Meanwhile, the fracture strength of the composite material remains above 127%. The mechanism of strong interfacial electron conjugation effect on catalyzing carbon formation and inhibiting toxic fumes is investigated by flame retardant characterization and density functional theory calculations. This work provides new insights for the development of efficient, environmentally-friendly, multifunctional bio-based flame retardant systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, Thermal Transport, and Dry-Sliding Tribology of Powder-Metallurgy Al7075 Composites Reinforced With Sol–Gel-Derived ZnO–rGO Hybrid Nanoparticles","authors":"Bunyamin Aksakal,&nbsp;Cevher Kursat Macit,&nbsp;Merve Ayık,&nbsp;Hakan Tutumlu","doi":"10.1002/adem.71026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Al7075 hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with sol–gel-derived ZnO–rGO nanoparticles were fabricated by powder metallurgy to examine whether a single hybrid architecture can simultaneously improve hardness, thermal transport, and dry-sliding behavior. ZnO–rGO hybrids containing 1–10 wt.% rGO were synthesized, blended with Al7075 at a fixed total reinforcement loading of 15 wt.%, compacted at 60 MPa, and sintered at 550°C under Ar. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the retention of wurtzite ZnO and reduced graphitic carbon, uniform hybrid dispersion, and limited interfacial ZnAl₂O₄ formation. Relative to unreinforced PM Al7075, the best-performing hybrid increased hardness from 65 ± 4 to 107 ± 5 HV30 and effective thermal conductivity from 7.84 to 13.27 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, while reducing the mean coefficient of friction from 0.506 to 0.231 and wear loss from 90.4 to 56.1 mg under 10 N, 50 mm s⁻¹, and 1000 m. The improvement is attributed to a complementary hybrid mechanism in which ZnO provides load-bearing support and dispersion strengthening, whereas rGO contributes low-shear lamellar sliding, interfacial strengthening, and improved heat spreading. These results identify rGO-rich Al7075–ZnO–rGO composites as promising lightweight materials for dry-sliding components requiring enhanced durability and heat dissipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of GNP-Enriched Copper Feedstock via Bound Metal Deposition","authors":"Matteo Mariani,&nbsp;Maria Elisa Tata,&nbsp;Girolamo Costanza,&nbsp;Francesca Nanni,&nbsp;Elisa Pizzi,&nbsp;Mario Bragaglia","doi":"10.1002/adem.202502758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, a copper–graphene nanoplatelet (Cu–GNP) feedstock was developed and processed via bound metal deposition (BMD) to produce dense copper metallic parts. Rheological analyses showed that the addition of GNPs reduced the melt viscosity across the 160°C–250°C range, ensuring stable extrusion and smooth layer deposition. After solvent and thermal debinding, sintering was performed at 1050°C. The sintered samples exhibited a 92% densification relative to bulk copper, and a linear shrinkage of ∼17%–18% along all directions. The microstructure showed equiaxed grains with an average size of 23 ± 5 µm. Mechanical tests revealed an elastic modulus of 100 ± 2 GPa, yield strength of 24.6 ± 1.8 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 62.4 ± 0.8 MPa, elongation at break of 10.8 ± 1.6%, and Vickers hardness of 22.3 HV. The electrical conductivity is 42.5 × 10⁶ S/m, leading to a thermal conductivity of 311.5 W/m K (from the Wiedemann–Franz law). A proof-of-concept 3D printed cooling fin is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Functionally Graded Aluminum Foam Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy Integrated Forming","authors":"Yong Li,&nbsp;Xinpei Xu,&nbsp;Zan Zhang,&nbsp;Guanjie Zhao,&nbsp;Jian Ding,&nbsp;Minglei Shi,&nbsp;Qianqian Liu,&nbsp;Wenkai Liu,&nbsp;Yali Ma,&nbsp;Bingya Li,&nbsp;Xingchuan Xia","doi":"10.1002/adem.71029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Open-cell aluminum foam is widely used in heat dissipation components due to its large heat transfer surface area, high thermal conductivity, and strong fluid mixing capability. The graded structure has been demonstrated to effectively balance the trade-off between the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in open-cell aluminum foam. In this study, functionally graded aluminum foam samples with varying porosity were successfully fabricated via powder metallurgy using an integrated forming process. Their convective heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, and overall heat transfer performance were systematically investigated under different flow velocities and compared with those of uniform aluminum foam. Simultaneously, combined with numerical simulation, the internal heat transfer mechanism was studied in depth. The results indicate that the porosity gradient significantly influences the heat transfer performance of aluminum foam. Under the current experimental conditions, when the porosity gradient is 80%–75%–70%, the gradient aluminum foam achieves the highest convective heat transfer coefficient of 832 W·m⁻²·K⁻¹, with a corresponding pressure drop of 3605 Pa/m. An overall evaluation factor is adopted to assess the heat transfer performance; the overall evaluation factor reaches its maximum at a flow velocity of 1 m/s, which is 5.85 times higher than that of uniform aluminum foam with the same average porosity. This is because, compared to the uniform structure, the gradient structure optimizes the fluid flow path, reduces the energy required for the fluid to overcome the resistance of the solid skeleton, exhibits higher permeability and a lower friction factor, and effectively reduces pump power loss. At the same time, the gradient structure enhances internal fluid disturbance, increasing the amount of heat transferred per unit time. The synergistic effect of these two factors enables the gradient aluminum foam to achieve superior overall heat transfer performance compared to uniform aluminum foam. Furthermore, due to the axially increasing fluid velocity and higher inlet kinetic energy, the negative gradient aluminum foam achieves a higher overall flow velocity and greater capability to overcome frictional resistance, thereby exhibiting better overall heat transfer performance than its positive gradient counterpart.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabrication-Manufactured 17-4PH Stainless Steel Revealed by X-Ray Computed Tomography","authors":"György Ledniczky,&nbsp;Márk Sárközi,&nbsp;Ibolya Zsoldos,&nbsp;Zoltán Weltsch","doi":"10.1002/adem.71034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extrusion-based metal additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) offers a cost-effective route for producing complex metal components; however, internal defects formed during processing strongly influence the final mechanical performance. This study investigates the relationship between process-induced porosity, internal defect evolution, and tensile behavior in FFF-manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel specimens using X-ray computed tomography (CT) combined with mechanical testing. CT analysis enables nondestructive, three-dimensional characterization of porosity distribution in both green and sintered states. The results show that sintering leads to significant shrinkage and porosity reduction, while defects originating from the green parts strongly affect the structural quality of the final components. Specimens produced with optimized printing parameters exhibit more homogeneous internal structures and higher tensile strength. CT-based structural simulations accurately identify the weakest cross-sections of the specimens, with predicted fracture locations showing close agreement with experimental results. An empirical relationship between residual porosity and tensile strength is established, confirming a monotonic decrease in strength with increasing porosity. The presented approach demonstrates that CT-based evaluation provides an effective tool for linking process parameters, internal structure, and mechanical performance, supporting process optimization and quality assurance in extrusion-based metal additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Both Conformability and Load Distribution with Granular Jamming Beams","authors":"Mustafa Özkaya,&nbsp;Zihang Zhao,&nbsp;Alan T. Asbeck","doi":"10.1002/adem.202501705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202501705","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Typically, soft structures are needed to conform to curved or irregular surfaces, but they are not very good at transferring adhesive loads from a single attachment point to their entire area on account of their low stiffness. Conversely, stiff structures achieve excellent load distribution over large areas but cannot be used on surfaces with a different curvature. In this paper, we present granular jamming as a new solution to the problem of conforming to curved or irregular surfaces and then stiffening to distribute adhesive forces over the entire contact area. We demonstrate this with a granular jamming beam equipped with five suction cups along its length. We show that this structure can not only conform to a flat object and two curved objects but also can support loads of 84.7% of a rigid beam. We also propose that the Flexural Compliance is a measure of how readily a structure can conform to surfaces with different radii and support adhesive forces across its body. We simulate the maximum loads that can be supported by a beam with different values for the Flexural Compliance and experimentally verify this for a number of different beams with different values of Flexural Compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Compression–Torsion Coupling Metamaterials Using the Golden Section Method","authors":"Amirhossein Hassani,&nbsp;Sara Bagherifard","doi":"10.1002/adem.71037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.71037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compression–torsion (CT) coupling in mechanical metamaterials has a high potential to be used for energy harvesting, sensors, and actuators. In current study, a novel CT metamaterial with cubic structure and oblique elements was designed and parametrically analyzed using finite element method. The golden section method was applied to identify the optimal structural features for torsional properties. The impact of varying the number of cells along longitudinal and transversal directions on torsional and mechanical properties of tessellated structures was examined. Experimental compression tests on samples fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) confirmed the validity of the simulations. Comparison of the optimized cubic structure with other similar structures in the literature highlighted its potential for adaptation to various applications through parametric study and multifunctionality properties. Finally, the tubular configuration of the developed CT unit cells was also parametrically studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.71037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Assisted 3D Printing Techniques and Photocrosslinking Strategies: Recent Advances in Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering","authors":"Meagan Morgan,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Roger Narayan","doi":"10.1002/adem.202502238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders represent a significant global health challenge that affects over 1.7 billion people, leading to physical disability as well as reduced mental health and socioeconomic well-being. Despite their high prevalence, MSK diseases remain severely underfunded compared to other global health priorities. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) can utilize light-based 3D bioprinting and photocrosslinking methods for the treatment and study of MSK conditions. Light-based bioprinting techniques, such as digital light processing and stereolithography, enable the creation of high-resolution scaffolds that mimic the complex, highly organized structure of MSK tissues, while photocrosslinking methods can be applied more broadly across nonlight-based techniques to improve ink or scaffold stability. These technologies hold the potential for advancing MSK therapies; however, the need for specialized photocurable materials, cytotoxicity concerns, and mechanical limitations of printed constructs remains. This systematic review addresses current gaps and trends in light-assisted 3D printing for MSK applications, examines the most frequently used biomaterials and cell types over the past 5 years, and highlights future research directions to advance TERM for MSK repair and regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7275,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Materials","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adem.202502238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}