Current research in neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Frontal P300 asymmetry and congruence judgment: Retroactive switching is impaired during school day mornings in female adolescents","authors":"Gabriel E. Byczynski ,&nbsp;Amedeo D'Angiulli","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating frontal EEG asymmetry as a possible biomarker of cognitive control abilities is especially important in ecological contexts such as school and work. We used a novel approach combining judgment performance and hemispheric frontal event-related potential (ERP) P300 asymmetry (fP3As) to evaluate aspects of cognitive control (i.e., repetition and switching) in adolescent females over a two-week ordinary school period. While undergoing electroencephalographic recording, students performed a word-colour “Stroop-like” congruence judgment task during morning and afternoon sessions, on Mondays and Wednesdays. Proportion of incongruence and congruence trials was 75% and 25%, respectively. ERP analysis revealed larger “novelty” right hemispheric fP3As amplitude for infrequent congruence but equivalent or significantly smaller than left hemispheric fP3As amplitude for frequent incongruence. RTs increased with extent of right fP3As shift. Behaviorally, repeat trial pairs (i.e., congruent followed by congruent, incongruent followed by incongruent) generally did not differ by time or day and were associated with near-ceiling accuracy. In contrast, switch trial pairs (i.e., congruent followed by incongruent, incongruent followed by congruent) in the afternoon were slower and associated with lower accuracy at the expected 75% criterion rate (i.e., judging incongruence by default), dropping significantly below 75% in the mornings. Crucially, compared to afternoon, morning fP3As patterns did not change adaptively with switch trial pairs. Although retroactive switching during congruence judgment was affected at all testing times, we conclude it was most impaired in the mornings of both early and mid school weeks, supporting misalignment between adolescent circadian cycle and school start time. We discuss some implications for optimal learning of adolescents at school.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000056/pdfft?md5=180e96708b7e20b2e258a28bf0db7083&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing loss in juvenile rats leads to excessive play fighting and hyperactivity, mild cognitive deficits and altered neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex","authors":"Jonas Jelinek ,&nbsp;Marie Johne ,&nbsp;Mesbah Alam ,&nbsp;Joachim K. Krauss ,&nbsp;Andrej Kral ,&nbsp;Kerstin Schwabe","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In children, hearing loss has been associated with hyperactivity, disturbed social interaction, and risk of cognitive disturbances. Mechanistic explanations of these relations sometimes involve language. To investigate the effect of hearing loss on behavioral deficits in the absence of language, we tested the impact of hearing loss in juvenile rats on motor, social, and cognitive behavior and on physiology of prefrontal cortex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Hearing loss was induced in juvenile (postnatal day 14) male Sprague-Dawley rats by intracochlear injection of neomycin under general anesthesia. Sham-operated and non-operated hearing rats served as controls. One week after surgery auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements verified hearing loss or intact hearing in sham-operated and non-operated controls. All rats were then tested for locomotor activity (open field), coordination (Rotarod), and for social interaction during development in weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 after surgery. From week 8 on, rats were trained and tested for spatial learning and memory (4-arm baited 8-arm radial maze test). In a final setting, neuronal activity was recorded in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the open field deafened rats moved faster and covered more distance than sham-operated and non-operated controls from week 8 on (both p &lt; 0.05). Deafened rats showed significantly more play fighting during development (p &lt; 0.05), whereas other aspects of social interaction, such as following, were not affected. Learning of the radial maze test was not impaired in deafened rats (p &gt; 0.05), but rats used less next-arm entries than other groups indicating impaired concept learning (p &lt; 0.05). In the mPFC neuronal firing rate was reduced and enhanced irregular firing was observed. Moreover, oscillatory activity was altered, both within the mPFC and in coherence of mPFC with the somatosensory cortex (p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Hearing loss in juvenile rats leads to hyperactive behavior and pronounced play-fighting during development, suggesting a causal relationship between hearing loss and cognitive development. Altered neuronal activities in the mPFC after hearing loss support such effects on neuronal networks outside the central auditory system. This animal model provides evidence of developmental consequences of juvenile hearing loss on prefrontal cortex in absence of language as potential confounding factor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000019/pdfft?md5=6960fd7463c5b42637a037d88645219c&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ictal activity is sustained by the estrogen receptor β during the estrous cycle","authors":"Fei Ran Li ,&nbsp;Maxime Lévesque ,&nbsp;Siyan Wang ,&nbsp;Maria-Isabel Carreño-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Graziella Di Cristo ,&nbsp;Massimo Avoli","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catamenial epilepsy, defined as a periodicity of seizure exacerbation during the menstrual cycle, affects up to 70 % of epileptic women. Seizures in these patients are often non-responsive to medication; however, our understanding of the relation between menstrual cycle and seizure generation (i.e. ictogenesis) remains limited. We employed here field potential recordings in the <em>in vitro</em> 4-aminopyridine model of epileptiform synchronization in female mice (P60–P130) and found that: (i) the estrous phase favors ictal activity in the entorhinal cortex; (ii) these ictal discharges display an onset pattern characterised by the presence of chirps that are thought to mirror synchronous interneuron firing; and (iii) blocking estrogen receptor β-mediated signaling reduces ictal discharge duration. Our findings indicate that the duration of 4AP-induced ictal discharges, <em>in vitro</em>, increases during the estrous phase, which corresponds to the human peri-ovulatory period. We propose that these effects are caused by the presumptive enhancement of interneuron excitability due to increased estrogen receptor β-mediated signaling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000081/pdfft?md5=c2527a6cb3b0e41c16c4841ab60125a6&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ablation of Iron Regulatory Protein 2 produces a neurological disorder characterized by motor, somatosensory, and executive dysfunction in mice","authors":"Christina Porras ,&nbsp;Hayden Olliviere ,&nbsp;Sean P. Bradley ,&nbsp;Alice M. Graham ,&nbsp;Yogita Chudasama ,&nbsp;Tracey A. Rouault","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron is an important cofactor for many proteins and is used to create Fe-S clusters and heme prosthetic groups that enzymes use to catalyze enzymatic reactions. Proteins involved in the import, export, and sequestration of iron are regulated by Iron Regulatory Proteins (IRPs). Recently, a patient with bi-allelic loss of function mutations in IREB2 leading to the absence of IRP2 protein was discovered. The patient failed to achieve developmental milestones and was diagnosed with dystonic cerebral palsy, epilepsy, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and frontal lobe atrophy. Several more IREB2 deficient patients subsequently identified manifested similar neurological problems. To better understand the manifestations of this novel neurological disease, we subjected an Irp2-null mouse model to extensive behavioral testing. Irp2-null mice had a significant motor deficit demonstrated by reduced performance on rotarod and hanging wire tests. Somatosensory function was also compromised in hot and cold plate assays. Their spatial search strategy was impaired in the Barnes maze and they exhibited a difficulty in flexibly adapting their response in the operant touchscreen reversal learning task. The latter is a cognitive behavior known to require an intact prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that loss of Irp2 in mice causes motor and behavioral deficits that faithfully reflect the IREB2 patient's neurodegenerative disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000135/pdfft?md5=b6f5d363d8ae486e87477cbbc1eec1f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane properties and coupling of macroglia in the optic nerve","authors":"Nine Kompier ,&nbsp;Marcus Semtner ,&nbsp;Sophie Walter ,&nbsp;Natali Kakabadze ,&nbsp;Christian Steinhäuser ,&nbsp;Christiane Nolte ,&nbsp;Helmut Kettenmann","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We established a longitudinal acute slice preparation of transgenic mouse optic nerve to characterize membrane properties and coupling of glial cells by patch-clamp and dye-filling, complemented by immunohistochemistry. Unlike in cortex or hippocampus, the majority of EGFP + cells in optic nerve of the hGFAP-EGFP transgenic mouse, a tool to identify astrocytes, were characterized by time and voltage dependent K⁺-currents including A-type K⁺-currents, properties previously described for NG2 glia. Indeed, the majority of transgene expressing cells in optic nerve were immunopositive for NG2 proteoglycan, whereas only a minority show GFAP immunoreactivity. Similar physiological properties were seen in YFP + cells from NG2-YFP transgenic mice, indicating that in optic nerve the transgene of hGFAP-EGFP animals is expressed by NG2 glia instead of astrocytes. Using Cx43kiECFP transgenic mice as another astrocyte-indicator revealed that astrocytes had passive membrane currents. Dye-filling showed that hGFAP-EGFP+ cells in optic nerve were coupled to none or few neighboring cells while hGFAP-EGFP+ cells in the cortex form large networks. Similarly, dye-filling of NG2-YFP+ and Cx43-CFP+ cells in optic nerve revealed small networks. Our work shows that identification of astrocytes in optic nerve requires distinct approaches, that the cells express membrane current patterns distinct from cortex and that they form small networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000147/pdfft?md5=de98663488bdd8fbed59736f14a8806e&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tonotopic organization of auditory cortex in awake marmosets revealed by multi-modal wide-field optical imaging","authors":"Xindong Song (宋欣东) ,&nbsp;Yueqi Guo (郭月琪) ,&nbsp;Chenggang Chen ,&nbsp;Jong Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex has been extensively studied in many mammalian species using various methodologies and physiological preparations. Tonotopy mapping in primates, however, is more limited due to constraints such as cortical folding, use of anesthetized subjects, and mapping methodology. Here we applied a combination of through-skull and through-window intrinsic optical signal imaging, wide-field calcium imaging, and neural probe recording techniques in awake marmosets (<em>Callithrix jacchus</em>), a New World monkey with most of its auditory cortex located on a flat brain surface. Coarse tonotopic gradients, including a recently described rostral-temporal (RT) to parabelt gradient, were revealed by the through-skull imaging of intrinsic optical signals and were subsequently validated by single-unit recording. Furthermore, these tonotopic gradients were observed with more detail through chronically implanted cranial windows with additional verifications on the experimental design. Moreover, the tonotopy mapped by the intrinsic-signal imaging methods was verified by wide-field calcium imaging in an AAV-GCaMP labeled subject. After these validations and with further effort to expand the field of view more rostrally in both windowed and through-skull subjects, an additional putative tonotopic gradient was observed more rostrally to the area RT, which has not been previously described by the standard model of tonotopic organization of the primate auditory cortex. Together, these results provide the most comprehensive data of tonotopy mapping in an awake primate species with unprecedented coverage and details in the rostral proportion and support a caudal-rostrally arranged mesoscale organization of at least three repeats of functional gradients in the primate auditory cortex, similar to the ventral stream of primate visual cortex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000093/pdfft?md5=fea4da7e18db6dc2892c92b8ad81bd78&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons alters the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons","authors":"Deyl Djama ,&nbsp;Florian Zirpel ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Ye ,&nbsp;Gerald Moore ,&nbsp;Charmaine Chue ,&nbsp;Christopher Edge ,&nbsp;Polona Jager ,&nbsp;Alessio Delogu ,&nbsp;Stephen G. Brickley","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A fundamental problem in neuroscience is how neurons select for their many inputs. A common assumption is that a neuron's selectivity is largely explained by differences in excitatory synaptic input weightings. Here we describe another solution to this important problem. We show that within the first order visual thalamus, the type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons has the potential to alter the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons. To do this, we developed conductance injection protocols to compare how different types of synchronous and asynchronous GABA release influence thalamocortical excitability in response to realistic patterns of retinal ganglion cell input. We show that the asynchronous GABA release associated with tonic inhibition is particularly efficient at maintaining information content, ensuring that thalamocortical neurons can distinguish between their inputs. We propose a model where alterations in GABA release properties results in rapid changes in input selectivity without requiring structural changes in the network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X2400007X/pdfft?md5=13640fc8035938aff360c3363c819995&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X2400007X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A psychophysically-tuned computational model of human primary visual cortex produces geometric optical illusions","authors":"Chrysa Retsa ,&nbsp;Ana Hernando Ariza ,&nbsp;Nathanael W. Noordanus ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ruffoni ,&nbsp;Micah M. Murray ,&nbsp;Benedetta Franceschiello","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geometric optical illusions (GOIs) are mismatches between physical stimuli and perception. GOIs provide an access point to study the interplay between sensation and perception, Yet, there is relatively scant quantitative investigation of the extent to which different GOIs rely on similar or distinct perceptual mechanisms, which themselves are driven by specific physical properties. We addressed this knowledge gap with a combination of psychophysics and computational modelling. First, 30 healthy adults reported quantitatively their perceptual biases with three GOIs, whose physical properties parametrically varied on a trial-by-trial basis. A given physical property, when considered in isolation, had different effects on perceptual biases depending on the GOI (e.g. the spacing of stimuli affected one GOI, but not another). For a given GOI, there were oftentimes interactions between the effects of different physical properties. Next, we used these psychophysical results to tune a computational model of primary visual cortex that combines parameters of orientation selectivity, receptive-field size, intra-cortical connectivity, and long-range interactions. We showed that similar biases generated <em>in-silico</em> mirror those observed in human behavior when receptive field size, bandwidth and shape (rounded or elongated) are tuned, as well as parameters encoding the strength of the long-range intra-regional interactions between receptive fields. Collectively, our results suggest that different physical properties are not operating independently, but rather synergistically, to generate a GOI. Such results provide a roadmap whereby computational modelling, informed by human psychophysics, can reveal likely mechanistic underpinnings of perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological features of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons contributing to high-frequency oscillations in the cerebral cortex","authors":"Katarina D. Milicevic ,&nbsp;Brianna L. Barbeau ,&nbsp;Darko D. Lovic ,&nbsp;Aayushi A. Patel ,&nbsp;Violetta O. Ivanova ,&nbsp;Srdjan D. Antic","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) inhibitory interneurons drive gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz), which underlie higher cognitive functions. In this review, we discuss two groups/aspects of fundamental properties of PV+ interneurons. In the first group (dubbed <em>Before Axon</em>), we list properties representing optimal synaptic integration in PV+ interneurons designed to support fast oscillations. For example: [i] Information can neither enter nor leave the neocortex without the engagement of fast PV+ -mediated inhibition; [ii] Voltage responses in PV+ interneuron dendrites integrate linearly to reduce impact of the fluctuations in the afferent drive; and [iii] Reversed somatodendritic Rm gradient accelerates the time courses of synaptic potentials arriving at the soma. In the second group (dubbed <em>After Axon</em>), we list morphological and biophysical properties responsible for (a) short synaptic delays, and (b) efficient postsynaptic outcomes. For example: [i] Fast-spiking ability that allows PV+ interneurons to outpace other cortical neurons (pyramidal neurons). [ii] Myelinated axon (which is only found in the PV+ subclass of interneurons) to secure fast-spiking at the initial axon segment; and [iii] Inhibitory autapses – autoinhibition, which assures brief biphasic voltage transients and supports postinhibitory rebounds. Recent advent of scientific tools, such as viral strategies to target PV cells and the ability to monitor PV cells via in vivo imaging during behavior, will aid in defining the role of PV cells in the CNS. Given the link between PV+ interneurons and cognition, in the future, it would be useful to carry out physiological recordings in the PV+ cell type selectively and characterize if and how psychiatric and neurological diseases affect initiation and propagation of electrical signals in this cortical sub-circuit. Voltage imaging may allow fast recordings of electrical signals from many PV+ interneurons simultaneously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X23000499/pdfft?md5=9e950352f24d5acad413acd54cc81f76&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X23000499-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular mechanisms of cooperative context-sensitive predictive inference","authors":"Tomáš Marvan ,&nbsp;William A. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We argue that prediction success maximization is a basic objective of cognition and cortex, that it is compatible with but distinct from prediction error minimization, that neither objective requires subtractive coding, that there is clear neurobiological evidence for the amplification of predicted signals, and that we are unconvinced by evidence proposed in support of subtractive coding. We outline recent discoveries showing that pyramidal cells on which our cognitive capabilities depend usually transmit information about input to their basal dendrites and amplify that transmission when input to their distal apical dendrites provides a context that agrees with the feedforward basal input in that both are depolarizing, i.e., both are excitatory rather than inhibitory. Though these intracellular discoveries require a level of technical expertise that is beyond the current abilities of most neuroscience labs, they are not controversial and acclaimed as groundbreaking. We note that this cellular cooperative context-sensitivity greatly enhances the cognitive capabilities of the mammalian neocortex, and that much remains to be discovered concerning its evolution, development, and pathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X24000068/pdfft?md5=7f131b904d5d497ab2591177a7d6de61&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X24000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140605348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}