Current research in neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Murine model of triosephosphate isomerase deficiency with anemia and severe neuromuscular dysfunction","authors":"Tracey D. Myers ,&nbsp;Carolyn Ferguson ,&nbsp;Eric Gliniak ,&nbsp;Gregg E. Homanics ,&nbsp;Michael J. Palladino","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPI Df) is a rare, aggressive genetic disease that typically affects young children and currently has no established treatment. TPI Df is characterized by hemolytic anemia, progressive neuromuscular degeneration, and a markedly reduced lifespan. The disease has predominately been studied using invertebrate and <em>in vitro</em> models, which lack key aspects of the human disease. While other groups have generated mammalian <em>Tpi1</em> mutant strains, specifically with the mouse <em>mus musculus,</em> these do not recapitulate key characteristic phenotypes of the human disease. Reported here is the generation of a novel murine model of TPI Df. CRISPR-Cas9 was utilized to engineer the most common human disease-causing mutation, <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D</em>}<em>,</em> and <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>null</em>} mice were also isolated as a frame-shifting deletion. <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} mice experience a markedly shortened lifespan, postural abnormalities consistent with extensive neuromuscular dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, pathological changes in spleen, and decreased body weight. There is a ∼95% reduction in TPI protein levels in <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} animals compared to wild-type littermates, consistent with decreased TPI protein stability, a known cause of TPI Df. This work illustrates the capability of <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} mice to serve as a mammalian model of human TPI Df. This work will allow for advancement in the study of TPI Df within a model with physiology similar to humans. The development of the model reported here will enable mechanistic studies of disease pathogenesis and, importantly, efficacy testing in a mammalian system for emerging TPI Df treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/48/main.PMC9673098.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embelin prevents amyloid-beta accumulation via modulation of SOD1 in a Streptozotocin-induced AD-like condition: An evidence from in vitro investigation","authors":"Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran ,&nbsp;Yam Nath Paudel ,&nbsp;Yatinesh Kumari ,&nbsp;Iekhsan Othman ,&nbsp;Mohd. Farooq Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Embelin is a neuroprotective compound with therapeutic benefit against experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like condition. In the quest of untangling the underlying mechanism behind the neuroprotective effect of Embelin in AD, an <em>in-vitro</em> study of Embelin against neuronal damage induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) in rat hippocampal neuronal culture was performed. Current findings demonstrated that Embelin (2.5–10 μM) has efficiently protected hippocampal neurons against STZ (8 mM)-induced neurotoxicity. An increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha (GSK-3α) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) expression levels was observed when STZ (8 mM) stimulation was done for 24 h in the hippocampal neurons. A significant downregulation in the mRNA expression levels of APP, MAPT, GSK-3α, and GSK-3β upon pre-treatment with different doses of Embelin (2.5 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM) reflects that Embelin attenuated STZ-induced dysfunction of insulin signaling (IR). Embelin significantly modulated the mRNA expression of scavenger enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Furthermore, STZ had significantly upregulates an expression of Aβ. On the contrary, pre-treatment with three doses of Embelin reversed an Aβ-induced neuronal death. Our findings suggest that, Embelin prevents Aβ accumulation via SOD1 pathway to protect against AD-like condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/74/main.PMC9743048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of distinct parietal locations differentiates frontal versus hippocampal network involvement in memory formation","authors":"Shruti Dave ,&nbsp;Stephen VanHaerents ,&nbsp;Borna Bonakdarpour ,&nbsp;M.- Marsel Mesulam ,&nbsp;Joel L. Voss","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adjacent regions of parietal cortex are thought to affiliate with distinct large-scale networks and thereby make different contributions to memory formation. We directly tested this putative functional segregation within parietal cortex by perturbing activity of anterior versus posterior parietal areas. We applied noninvasive theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation to these locations immediately before a semantic encoding task, and subsequently tested recollection memory. Consistent with previous findings, fMRI activity in left inferior frontal gyrus during semantic encoding correlated with subsequent high memory accuracy and strong subjective recollection. Stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex decoupled its network – the hippocampal-cortical network – from left inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, posterior parietal stimulation reduced highly accurate subjective recollection. Critically, both of these changes occurred relative to stimulation of the anterior parietal cortex. Stimulating anterior versus posterior parietal cortex therefore differentiated hippocampal network involvement in episodic memory. This provides direct evidence that distinct territories within close proximity of each other in parietal cortex make functionally distinct contributions to memory formation. Further, noninvasive stimulation has the spatial resolution required to differentially modulate the interaction of these adjacent parietal locations with distributed large-scale brain networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/b0/main.PMC9743066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological considerations when measuring and analyzing auditory steady-state responses with multi-channel EEG","authors":"Hao Lu,&nbsp;Anahita H. Mehta,&nbsp;Andrew J. Oxenham","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been traditionally recorded with few electrodes and is often measured as the voltage difference between mastoid and vertex electrodes (vertical montage). As high-density EEG recording systems have gained popularity, multi-channel analysis methods have been developed to integrate the ASSR signal across channels. The phases of ASSR across electrodes can be affected by factors including the stimulus modulation rate and re-referencing strategy, which will in turn affect the estimated ASSR strength. To explore the relationship between the classical vertical-montage ASSR and whole-scalp ASSR, we applied these two techniques to the same data to estimate the strength of ASSRs evoked by tones with sinusoidal amplitude modulation rates of around 40, 100, and 200 Hz. The whole-scalp methods evaluated in our study, with either linked-mastoid or common-average reference, included ones that assume equal phase across all channels, as well as ones that allow for different phase relationships. The performance of simple averaging was compared to that of more complex methods involving principal component analysis. Overall, the root-mean-square of the phase locking values (PLVs) across all channels provided the most efficient method to detect ASSR across the range of modulation rates tested here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/31/main.PMC9647176.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of neuronal plasticity by the DNA repair associated Gadd45 proteins","authors":"David V.C. Brito ,&nbsp;Janina Kupke ,&nbsp;Kubra Gulmez Karaca ,&nbsp;Ana M.M. Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurons respond rapidly to extracellular stimuli by activating signaling pathways that modulate the function of already synthetized proteins. Alternatively, signal transduction to the cell nucleus induces <em>de novo</em> synthesis of proteins required for long-lasting adaptations. These complementary strategies are necessary for neuronal plasticity processes that underlie, among other functions, the formation of memories. Nonetheless, it is still not fully understood how the coupling between different stimuli and the activity of constitutively and/or <em>de novo</em> expressed proteins gate neuronal plasticity. Here, we discuss the molecular functions of the Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45 (Gadd45) family of proteins in neuronal adaptation. We highlight recent findings that indicate that Gadd45 family members regulate this function through multiple cellular processes (e.g., DNA demethylation, gene expression, RNA stability, MAPK signaling). We then summarize the regulation of Gadd45 expression in neurons and put forward the hypothesis that the constitutive and neuronal activity-induced pools of Gadd45 proteins have distinct and complementary roles in modulating neuronal plasticity. Therefore, we propose that Gadd45 proteins are essential for brain function and their dysfunction might underlie pathophysiological conditions such as neuropsychiatric disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/99/main.PMC9846468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in brain activity when exposed to cyberbullying: Associations between wellbeing and cyberbullying experience using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Larisa T. McLoughlin ,&nbsp;Zack Shan ,&nbsp;Abdalla Mohamed ,&nbsp;Amanda Boyes ,&nbsp;Christina Driver ,&nbsp;Jim Lagopoulos ,&nbsp;Daniel F. Hermens","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of gender and the associated brain activation when witnessing cyberbullying requires investigation. The current study aimed to determine whether brain responses to cyberbullying differ according to gender and level of wellbeing. We hypothesised that females and males would activate different regions of the brain when witnessing cyberbullying, and that this would be influenced by wellbeing levels and prior cyberbullying experiences. Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses were examined in participants (N = 32, aged 18–25 years; 66% female) whilst observing cyberbullying versus neutral stimuli during a functional MRI. Results revealed significant correlations between BOLD signal and achievement scores among males, but not females, with previous experiences of cyberbullying, in regions including the cerebellum, the superior and inferior frontal gyrus, and the precuneus. Furthermore, males who previously cyberbullied others, with higher scores in achievement (a wellbeing sub-category), activated brain regions associated with executive function, social cognition, and self-evaluation, when viewing the cyberbullying stimuli. In addition, despite gender, BOLD signal in the cingulate gyrus was negatively correlated with cyberbullying scores, and BOLD signal in the left dorsal caudate and the cerebellum was independently and positively correlated with achievement scores. Taken together, these findings provide insights into brain responses to cyberbullying scenarios and emphasize that there are some significant variations according to gender. The overall finding that males activated brain regions linked to varying aspects of cognition, whereas females more often activated regions linked to emotion processing and empathy is important for future research in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/a2/main.PMC9743052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactile information from the vibrissal system modulates hippocampal functioning","authors":"Nereida Ibarra-Castaneda ,&nbsp;Norma A. Moy-Lopez ,&nbsp;Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most mammals have sensory tactile hairs, also known as whiskers or vibrissae. Traditionally, whiskers are associated with diverse survival skills, including tactile discrimination, distance assessment, food acquisition, gap crossing, and social interaction. Vibrissae functions are processed in the somatosensorial cortex, commonly referred to as the barrel cortex. Hence, most of the whisker-related research has been focused on this cortical region. However, increasing evidence indicates that the vibrissal system modulates several aspects of hippocampal physiology. This graphical review aims to summarize cumulative evidence indicating that whiskers regulate the neural function and cellularity in several hippocampal subfields. Interestingly, lack of whiskers notably affects neuronal firing in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields, alters spatial mapping, impairs navigational skills, modifies cytoarchitecture, and reduces the adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. This evidence extends our understanding of how whiskers are related to hippocampal function and offers insights to explore novel associations between whisker functions and neural plasticity in the hippocampus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665945X22000079/pdfft?md5=b9af816d189df28003b80f7b1fc74a46&pid=1-s2.0-S2665945X22000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degeneration of retina-brain components and connections in glaucoma: Disease causation and treatment options for eyesight preservation","authors":"Najam A. Sharif","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eyesight is the most important of our sensory systems for optimal daily activities and overall survival. Patients who experience visual impairment due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are often those afflicted with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) which slowly robs them of their vision unless treatment is administered soon after diagnosis. The hallmark features of POAG and other forms of glaucoma are damaged optic nerve, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and atrophied RGC axons connecting to various brain regions associated with receipt of visual input from the eyes and eventual decoding and perception of images in the visual cortex. Even though increased IOP is the major risk factor for POAG, the disease is caused by many injurious chemicals and events that progress slowly within all components of the eye-brain visual axis. Lowering of IOP mitigates the damage to some extent with existing drugs, surgical and device implantation therapeutic interventions. However, since multifactorial degenerative processes occur during aging and with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, different forms of neuroprotective, nutraceutical and electroceutical regenerative and revitalizing agents and processes are being considered to combat these eye-brain disorders. These aspects form the basis of this short review article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/af/main.PMC9846481.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity of cell proliferation in the retina of Austrolebias charrua fish under light and darkness conditions","authors":"Inés Berrosteguieta ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Rosillo ,&nbsp;María Laura Herrera ,&nbsp;Silvia Olivera-Bravo ,&nbsp;Gabriela Casanova ,&nbsp;Vicente Herranz-Pérez ,&nbsp;José Manuel García-Verdugo ,&nbsp;Anabel Sonia Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Austrolebias</em> annual fishes exhibit cell proliferation and neurogenesis throughout life. They withstand extreme environmental changes as their habitat dries out, pressuring nervous system to adapt. Their visual system is challenged to adjust as the water becomes turbid. Therefore, this study focused on how change in photic environment can lead to an increased cell proliferation in the retina. We administered 5-chloro-2′- deoxyuridine (CldU) and 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IdU) at different temporal windows to detect cell proliferation in natural light and permanent darkness. Stem/progenitor cells were recognized as IdU+/CldU + nuclei co-labeled with Sox2, Pax6 or BLBP found in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). The expression pattern of BLBP + glial cells and ultrastructural analysis indicates that CMZ has different cell progenitors. In darkness, the number of dividing cells significantly increased, compared to light conditions. Surprisingly, CMZ IdU+/CldU + cell number was similar under light and darkness, suggesting a stable pool of stem/progenitor cells possibly responsible for retinal growth. Therefore, darkness stimulated cell progenitors outside the CMZ, where Müller glia play a crucial role to generate rod precursors and other cell types that might integrate rod-dependent circuits to allow darkness adaptation. Thus, the <em>Austrolebias</em> fish retina shows great plasticity, with cell proliferation rates significantly higher than that of brain visual areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/4b/main.PMC9743069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia-triggered hypoexcitability plasticity of pyramidal neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex","authors":"Yuki Yamawaki ,&nbsp;Yayoi Wada ,&nbsp;Sae Matsui ,&nbsp;Gen Ohtsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer component of Gram-negative bacteria, induces a strong response of innate immunity via microglia, which triggers a modulation of the intrinsic excitability of neurons. However, it is unclear whether the modulation of neurophysiological properties is similar among neurons. Here, we found the hypoexcitability of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons after exposure to LPS in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of juvenile rats. We recorded the firing frequency of L5 pyramidal neurons long-lastingly under in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp, and we found a reduction of the firing frequency after applying LPS. A decrease in the intrinsic excitability against LPS-exposure was also found in L2/3 pyramidal neurons but not in fast-spiking interneurons. The decrease in the excitability by immune-activation was underlain by increased activity of small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels (SK channels) in the pyramidal neurons and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α released from microglia. We revealed that the reduction of the firing frequency of L5 pyramidal neurons was dependent on intraneuronal Ca²⁺ and PP2B. These results suggest the hypoexcitability of pyramidal neurons caused by the upregulation of SK channels via Ca²⁺-dependent phosphatase during acute inflammation in the mPFC. Such a mechanism is in contrast to that of cerebellar Purkinje cells, in which immune activation induces hyperexcitability via downregulation of SK channels. Further, a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission reflected network hypoactivity. Therefore, our results suggest that the directionality of the intrinsic plasticity by microglia is not consistent, depending on the brain region and the cell type.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9743057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}