Current research in neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein level on admission can predict severe traumatic brain injury in patients with severe multiple trauma: A single-center retrospective observational study","authors":"Yoshihiko Nakamura,&nbsp;Taisuke Kitamura ,&nbsp;Yasumasa Kawano,&nbsp;Kota Hoshino,&nbsp;Yuhei Irie,&nbsp;Kentaro Muranishi,&nbsp;Mitsutoshi Iwaasa,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Ishikura","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to clarify whether the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and soluble protein-100β (S100β) can predict severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with severe multiple trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a single-center retrospective observational study of 179 patients with severe multiple trauma. The GFAP and S100β were measured upon patient arrival at the hospital. We divided the patients into the severe TBI group (with a Traumatic Coma Data Bank classification of ≥III), the non-severe TBI group (non-TBI group [absence of abnormality on the computed tomography scan and extracranial injury], and the mild to moderate TBI group [TCDB classification I and II]). We compared biomarker levels between the two groups and then evaluated the accuracy of predicting severe TBI using a receiver operating characteristic curve.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 41 patients had severe TBI, and 138 had non-severe TBI. Mean GFAP levels were significantly higher in the severe TBI group (median, 6000 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 651–15,548 pg/mL) than in the non-severe TBI group (median, 149 pg/mL; IQR, 0–695 pg/mL) (p &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in S100β levels between the severe TBI group (median, 64 pg/mL; IQR, 0–536 pg/mL) and non-severe TBI group (median, 117 pg/mL; IQR, 0–403 pg/mL) (p = 0.637). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.810 (p &lt; 0.0001) for GFAP and 0.476 (p = 0.908) for S100β. For the GFAP, the optimal cutoff value for detecting severe TBI was 947 pg/mL (sensitivity, 75.6%; specificity, 78.3%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In patients with severe multiple trauma, the GFAP level at hospital arrival could predict severe TBI, whereas the S100β level was not a useful predictor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/83/main.PMC9743059.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distracting linguistic information impairs neural tracking of attended speech","authors":"Bohan Dai ,&nbsp;James M. McQueen ,&nbsp;René Terporten ,&nbsp;Peter Hagoort ,&nbsp;Anne Kösem","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Listening to speech is difficult in noisy environments, and is even harder when the interfering noise consists of intelligible speech as compared to unintelligible sounds. This suggests that the competing linguistic information interferes with the neural processing of target speech. Interference could either arise from a degradation of the neural representation of the target speech, or from increased representation of distracting speech that enters in competition with the target speech. We tested these alternative hypotheses using magnetoencephalography (MEG) while participants listened to a target clear speech in the presence of distracting noise-vocoded speech. Crucially, the distractors were initially unintelligible but became more intelligible after a short training session. Results showed that the comprehension of the target speech was poorer after training than before training. The neural tracking of target speech in the delta range (1–4 Hz) reduced in strength in the presence of a more intelligible distractor. In contrast, the neural tracking of distracting signals was not significantly modulated by intelligibility. These results suggest that the presence of distracting speech signals degrades the linguistic representation of target speech carried by delta oscillations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/0d/main.PMC9743055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BioSimia, France CNRS network for nonhuman primate biomedical research in infectiology, immunology, and neuroscience","authors":"Emmanuel Procyk ,&nbsp;Martine Meunier","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research and developments based on nonhuman primate models have a specific place in biomedical sciences, and nonhuman primate species also have a specific place in the public opinion on the use of animal in research. While nonhuman primates are used in very limited number compared to other animal models, they are rightly the focus of deep ethical concerns. The importance of nonhuman primates in neuroscientific fundamental and preclinical discoveries together with the targeting of such research by activist groups well illustrate this fact. Nonhuman primates also highly contribute to other biomedical fields including immunology, virology, or metabolic and respiratory physiology. In all these fields, researchers, engineers and technicians face similar matters and share the same needs for optimal animal welfare, handling, and veterinary care, the same quest for first-rate research infrastructure and funding, and the same yearning for more public understanding and support. In this article, we give an overview of the evolution of human-animal relationships and public attitudes to animal research in France, and we recount the creation of BioSimia, France network for nonhuman primate biomedical research which now links all academic laboratories nationwide in all the domains for which nonhuman primates remain essential. We explain the principles as well as the outcomes of networking across disciplines. As a perspective, we outline the potential benefits of extending such network to a European scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/a6/main.PMC9846450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-heart interactions in the neurobiology of consciousness","authors":"Diego Candia-Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent experimental evidence on patients with disorders of consciousness revealed that observing brain-heart interactions helps to detect residual consciousness, even in patients with absence of behavioral signs of consciousness. Those findings support hypotheses suggesting that visceral activity is involved in the neurobiology of consciousness, and sum to the existing evidence in healthy participants in which the neural responses to heartbeats reveal perceptual and self-consciousness. More evidence obtained through mathematical modeling of physiological dynamics revealed that emotion processing is prompted by an initial modulation from ascending vagal inputs to the brain, followed by sustained bidirectional brain-heart interactions. Those findings support long-lasting hypotheses on the causal role of bodily activity in emotions, feelings, and potentially consciousness. In this paper, the theoretical landscape on the potential role of heartbeats in cognition and consciousness is reviewed, as well as the experimental evidence supporting these hypotheses. I advocate for methodological developments on the estimation of brain-heart interactions to uncover the role of cardiac inputs in the origin, levels, and contents of consciousness. The ongoing evidence depicts interactions further than the cortical responses evoked by each heartbeat, suggesting the potential presence of non-linear, complex, and bidirectional communication between brain and heartbeat dynamics. Further developments on methodologies to analyze brain-heart interactions may contribute to a better understanding of the physiological dynamics involved in homeostatic-allostatic control, cognitive functions, and consciousness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/bf/main.PMC9846460.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear EEG signatures of mind wandering during breath focus meditation","authors":"Yiqing Lu ,&nbsp;Julio Rodriguez-Larios","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In meditation practices that involve focused attention to a specific object, novice practitioners often experience moments of distraction (i.e., mind wandering). Previous studies have investigated the neural correlates of mind wandering during meditation practice through Electroencephalography (EEG) using linear metrics (e.g., oscillatory power). However, their results are not fully consistent. Since the brain is known to be a chaotic/nonlinear system, it is possible that linear metrics cannot fully capture complex dynamics present in the EEG signal. In this study, we assess whether nonlinear EEG signatures can be used to characterize mind wandering during breath focus meditation in novice practitioners. For that purpose, we adopted an experience sampling paradigm in which 25 participants were iteratively interrupted during meditation practice to report whether they were focusing on the breath or thinking about something else. We compared the complexity of EEG signals during mind wandering and breath focus states using three different algorithms: Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD), Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC), and Sample entropy (SampEn). Our results showed that EEG complexity was generally reduced during mind wandering relative to breath focus states. We conclude that EEG complexity metrics are appropriate to disentangle mind wandering from breath focus states in novice meditation practitioners, and therefore, they could be used in future EEG neurofeedback protocols to facilitate meditation practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/d1/main.PMC9743068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified ethical principles and an animal research ‘Helsinki’ declaration as foundations for international collaboration","authors":"Christopher I. Petkov ,&nbsp;Paul Flecknell ,&nbsp;Kathy Murphy ,&nbsp;Michele A. Basso ,&nbsp;Anna S. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Renee Hartig ,&nbsp;Sally Thompson-Iritani","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethical frameworks are the foundation for any research with humans or nonhuman animals. Human research is guided by overarching international ethical principles, such as those defined in the Helsinki Declaration by the World Medical Association. However, for nonhuman animal research, because there are several sets of ethical principles and national frameworks, it is commonly thought that there is substantial variability in animal research approaches internationally and a lack of an animal research ‘Helsinki Declaration’, or the basis for one. We first overview several prominent sets of ethical principles, including the 3Rs, 3Ss, 3Vs, 4Fs and 6Ps. Then using the 3Rs principles, originally proposed by Russell &amp; Burch, we critically assess them, asking if they can be <em>Replaced</em>, <em>Reduced</em> or <em>Refined</em>. We find that the 3Rs principles have survived several replacement challenges, and the different sets of principles (3Ss, 3Vs, 4Fs and 6Ps) are complementary, a natural refinement of the 3Rs and are ripe for integration into a unified set of principles, as proposed here. We also overview international frameworks and documents, many of which incorporate the 3Rs, including the Basel Declaration on animal research. Finally, we propose that the available animal research guidance documents across countries can be consolidated, to provide a similar structure as seen in the Helsinki Declaration, potentially as part of an amended Basel Declaration on animal research. In summary, we observe substantially greater agreement on and the possibility for unification of the sets of ethical principles and documents that can guide animal research internationally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1a/66/main.PMC9647342.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40468610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murine model of triosephosphate isomerase deficiency with anemia and severe neuromuscular dysfunction","authors":"Tracey D. Myers ,&nbsp;Carolyn Ferguson ,&nbsp;Eric Gliniak ,&nbsp;Gregg E. Homanics ,&nbsp;Michael J. Palladino","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPI Df) is a rare, aggressive genetic disease that typically affects young children and currently has no established treatment. TPI Df is characterized by hemolytic anemia, progressive neuromuscular degeneration, and a markedly reduced lifespan. The disease has predominately been studied using invertebrate and <em>in vitro</em> models, which lack key aspects of the human disease. While other groups have generated mammalian <em>Tpi1</em> mutant strains, specifically with the mouse <em>mus musculus,</em> these do not recapitulate key characteristic phenotypes of the human disease. Reported here is the generation of a novel murine model of TPI Df. CRISPR-Cas9 was utilized to engineer the most common human disease-causing mutation, <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D</em>}<em>,</em> and <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>null</em>} mice were also isolated as a frame-shifting deletion. <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} mice experience a markedly shortened lifespan, postural abnormalities consistent with extensive neuromuscular dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, pathological changes in spleen, and decreased body weight. There is a ∼95% reduction in TPI protein levels in <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} animals compared to wild-type littermates, consistent with decreased TPI protein stability, a known cause of TPI Df. This work illustrates the capability of <em>Tpi1</em>^{<em>E105D/null</em>} mice to serve as a mammalian model of human TPI Df. This work will allow for advancement in the study of TPI Df within a model with physiology similar to humans. The development of the model reported here will enable mechanistic studies of disease pathogenesis and, importantly, efficacy testing in a mammalian system for emerging TPI Df treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/48/main.PMC9673098.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embelin prevents amyloid-beta accumulation via modulation of SOD1 in a Streptozotocin-induced AD-like condition: An evidence from in vitro investigation","authors":"Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran ,&nbsp;Yam Nath Paudel ,&nbsp;Yatinesh Kumari ,&nbsp;Iekhsan Othman ,&nbsp;Mohd. Farooq Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Embelin is a neuroprotective compound with therapeutic benefit against experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like condition. In the quest of untangling the underlying mechanism behind the neuroprotective effect of Embelin in AD, an <em>in-vitro</em> study of Embelin against neuronal damage induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) in rat hippocampal neuronal culture was performed. Current findings demonstrated that Embelin (2.5–10 μM) has efficiently protected hippocampal neurons against STZ (8 mM)-induced neurotoxicity. An increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha (GSK-3α) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) expression levels was observed when STZ (8 mM) stimulation was done for 24 h in the hippocampal neurons. A significant downregulation in the mRNA expression levels of APP, MAPT, GSK-3α, and GSK-3β upon pre-treatment with different doses of Embelin (2.5 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM) reflects that Embelin attenuated STZ-induced dysfunction of insulin signaling (IR). Embelin significantly modulated the mRNA expression of scavenger enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Furthermore, STZ had significantly upregulates an expression of Aβ. On the contrary, pre-treatment with three doses of Embelin reversed an Aβ-induced neuronal death. Our findings suggest that, Embelin prevents Aβ accumulation via SOD1 pathway to protect against AD-like condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/74/main.PMC9743048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of distinct parietal locations differentiates frontal versus hippocampal network involvement in memory formation","authors":"Shruti Dave ,&nbsp;Stephen VanHaerents ,&nbsp;Borna Bonakdarpour ,&nbsp;M.- Marsel Mesulam ,&nbsp;Joel L. Voss","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adjacent regions of parietal cortex are thought to affiliate with distinct large-scale networks and thereby make different contributions to memory formation. We directly tested this putative functional segregation within parietal cortex by perturbing activity of anterior versus posterior parietal areas. We applied noninvasive theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation to these locations immediately before a semantic encoding task, and subsequently tested recollection memory. Consistent with previous findings, fMRI activity in left inferior frontal gyrus during semantic encoding correlated with subsequent high memory accuracy and strong subjective recollection. Stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex decoupled its network – the hippocampal-cortical network – from left inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, posterior parietal stimulation reduced highly accurate subjective recollection. Critically, both of these changes occurred relative to stimulation of the anterior parietal cortex. Stimulating anterior versus posterior parietal cortex therefore differentiated hippocampal network involvement in episodic memory. This provides direct evidence that distinct territories within close proximity of each other in parietal cortex make functionally distinct contributions to memory formation. Further, noninvasive stimulation has the spatial resolution required to differentially modulate the interaction of these adjacent parietal locations with distributed large-scale brain networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/b0/main.PMC9743066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological considerations when measuring and analyzing auditory steady-state responses with multi-channel EEG","authors":"Hao Lu,&nbsp;Anahita H. Mehta,&nbsp;Andrew J. Oxenham","doi":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been traditionally recorded with few electrodes and is often measured as the voltage difference between mastoid and vertex electrodes (vertical montage). As high-density EEG recording systems have gained popularity, multi-channel analysis methods have been developed to integrate the ASSR signal across channels. The phases of ASSR across electrodes can be affected by factors including the stimulus modulation rate and re-referencing strategy, which will in turn affect the estimated ASSR strength. To explore the relationship between the classical vertical-montage ASSR and whole-scalp ASSR, we applied these two techniques to the same data to estimate the strength of ASSRs evoked by tones with sinusoidal amplitude modulation rates of around 40, 100, and 200 Hz. The whole-scalp methods evaluated in our study, with either linked-mastoid or common-average reference, included ones that assume equal phase across all channels, as well as ones that allow for different phase relationships. The performance of simple averaging was compared to that of more complex methods involving principal component analysis. Overall, the root-mean-square of the phase locking values (PLVs) across all channels provided the most efficient method to detect ASSR across the range of modulation rates tested here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72752,"journal":{"name":"Current research in neurobiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/31/main.PMC9647176.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}